血液病腰椎骨髓的MRI鉴别诊断价值（附94例分析）

目的探讨血液和造血系统疾病的MRI鉴别诊断价值。方法选择经骨髓穿刺或活检证实的血液和造血系统疾病94例行MRI检查。全部病例均行腰骶椎矢状面T1WI和T2WI扫描。观察腰椎骨髓的MRI信号及形态改变,同时测量其T1值。结果38例急性白血病和8例地中海贫血T1WI均表现为均匀低信号,T2WI均匀等信号;平均T1值均延长,分别为（972.5±36.5）ms和(879.6±98.56)ms,两者间差异无显著性意义（q=1.52,P>0.05）。16例再生障碍性贫血T1WI4例呈均匀高信号,12例呈不均匀的高信号,T2WI14例呈等信号,平均T1值缩短,为（279.42±54.19）ms;3例急性造血功能停滞T1WI、T2WI均为等信号,平均T1值变化不明显,为（418.65±32.49）ms,两者平均T1值差异具有显著性意义（q=6.67,P<0.01）。20例多发性骨髓瘤15例有椎体骨质破坏及变形,呈多发斑片状病灶,T1WI呈不均匀低信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号;3例骨髓异常增生综合征T1WI呈等或不均匀低信号,T2WI呈等信号;6例骨髓纤维化在T1WI和T2WI均表现为均匀低信号。结论（1）观察MRI信号改变可对急性白血病与再生障碍性贫血、多发性骨髓瘤、骨髓纤维化进行鉴别;（2）MRI比较容易区别临床难以鉴别诊断的再生障碍性贫血和急性造血功能停滞;（3）部分血液造血系统疾病的MRI鉴别诊断还需结合临床资料进行综合分析。     

地中海贫血的骨髓MRI与X线平片对照分析

目的　对比分析地中海贫血的MRI与X线平片表现 ,研究MRI与X线平片对地中海贫血的诊断价值。方法　对 15例地中海贫血行胸、腰、骶椎矢状面及骨盆、股骨上段冠状面MRT1WI和T2 WI;其中 7例同时行头颅、脊柱及四肢X线平片检查。另选择 2 0例无血液病且年龄相匹配的病例作为对照组 ,并对X线与MRI表现进行比较分析。结果　对照组 2 0例 ,T1WI椎体骨髓表现为等信号 ,其内可见条带状或斑片状高信号。T2 WI均表现为均匀的等信号。 15例地中海贫血组的胸腰椎体、髂骨、股骨上段骨髓T1WI信号均有明显的不同程度的均匀性、弥漫性降低 ,T2 WI信号改变不明显。其中 4例MRI见脊椎附件增粗 ,椎体变扁 ,呈弹头样改变 ;4例见到胸段椎管内外多发软组织肿块 ,压迫脊髓或硬脊膜囊 ,手术证实为髓外造血组织。 7例X线平片检查 ,2例未见骨骼异常改变 ,但MRI发现骨髓信号降低 ;另外 5例 ,出现广泛骨质疏松 ,骨小梁增粗、椎体、肋骨变形等骨骼异常。地中海贫血组平均T1值为 (897 4± 75 4 )ms,对照组平均T1值为 (40 1 5± 2 8 1)ms,两者间差异具有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　 (1)地中海贫血的骨髓MRT1WI表现为信号降低 ;(2 )MRI能明确显示脊椎及其附件增大并突入椎管 ,以及椎管内髓外造血灶压迫脊髓或硬脊膜囊的征象。     

地中海贫血性骨病变的CT、MRI表现

目的:探讨地中海贫血性骨病变的CT、MRI表现及诊断要点,提高该病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析17例地中海贫血性骨病变的CT、MRI资料,结合文献,探讨其影像特点及鉴别诊断。结果:17例胸腰椎椎体及附件均受累,其中4例合并颅骨病变,2例合并股骨及胫腓骨病变,5例合并肋骨、胸骨及肩胛骨病变。MRI见骨髓弥漫性信号异常,T_1WI骨髓高信号弥漫性降低,T_2WI呈等信号,STIR T_2WI呈高信号。CT示胸腰椎椎体呈栅栏状改变,骨小梁减少、增粗;其中5例肋骨、胸骨及肩胛骨膨胀改变,4例颅骨板障增厚、板障间呈放射状排列骨小梁;合并椎旁软组织肿块11例,合并肋骨旁软组织肿块4例,增强扫描肿块轻度均匀强化,穿刺活检示髓外造血组织。结论:地中海贫血性骨病变影像学表现有一定的特征,结合病史,可作出正确诊断。     

布氏杆菌性脊椎炎的MRI表现

目的探讨MRI对布氏杆菌性脊椎炎的诊断价值。资料与方法 16例经临床或手术病理证实的布氏杆菌性脊椎炎行T1WI、T2WI、STIR及增强检查,分析其形态及信号特点。结果病变累及腰椎最多。椎体形态多无明显变化,椎体边缘可见小的骨质破坏及骨质增生。病变椎体T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈低等或等高信号或低等高混杂信号。STIR呈高信号。增强扫描病变椎体明显强化,与周围正常增强的椎体信号类似或更高。椎间盘7例变窄,信号变化不显著,呈等T1、等T2信号(与邻近椎间盘比较),只有2例T2WI呈高信号。16例均有椎管外软组织受累,呈不均匀长T1、长T2信号,边界模糊,STIR呈混杂高信号,内可见多发大小不等的脓腔,增强扫描显示脓腔壁厚薄不均不规则强化。10例有不同程度椎管内硬膜外脓肿,呈长T1、长T2信号,STIR呈高信号。增强扫描显示脓壁厚薄不均明显强化。脓肿范围较小,一般不超过病变椎体节段。结论布氏杆菌性脊椎炎MRI表现有一定的特征性,MRI对布氏杆菌性脊椎炎诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

MRI Findings of Brucellosis Spondylitis

目的 探讨MRI对布氏杆菌性脊椎炎的诊断价值.资料与方法 16例经临床或手术病理证实的布氏杆菌性脊椎炎行T1WI、T2WI、STIR及增强检查,分析其形态及信号特点.结果 病变累及腰椎最多.椎体形态多无明显变化,椎体边缘可见小的骨质破坏及骨质增生.病变椎体T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈低等或等高信号或低等高混杂信号.STIR呈高信号.增强扫描病变椎体明显强化,与周围正常增强的椎体信号类似或更高.椎间盘7例变窄,信号变化不显著,呈等T1、等T2信号(与邻近椎间盘比较),只有2例T2 WI呈高信号.16例均有椎管外软组织受累,呈不均匀长T1、长T2信号,边界模糊,STIR呈混杂高信号,内可见多发大小不等的脓腔,增强扫描显示脓腔壁厚薄不均不规则强化.10例有不同程度椎管内硬膜外脓肿,呈长T1、长T2信号,STIR呈高信号.增强扫描显示脓壁厚薄不均明显强化.脓肿范围较小,一般不超过病变椎体节段.结论 布氏杆菌性脊椎炎MRI表现有一定的特征性,MRI对布氏杆菌性脊椎炎诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

脊柱结核的MRI诊断价值（附40例报告）

目的 探讨脊柱结核MRI表现及诊断价值.方法 利用MRI对有脊柱结核的40例患者进行扫描.结果 椎体破坏T1 WI呈片状均匀低信号、混杂信号,T2 WI及T脂肪抑制序列呈均匀高信号、混杂信号;终板局限破坏,小脓肿呈囊状,为无结构长T1、长T2信号.椎间盘受累,T1Wl呈低信号,T2 WI及T2＋ STIR呈不均匀高信号,椎间盘正常者5例.椎前或椎旁脓肿呈T1 WI稍低、T2WI及T2＋STIR明显高信号.增强扫描,脓肿壁呈不均匀条带状或环形强化.（4）部分患者椎弓根受累、脊髓受压.结论 MRI能发现脊柱结核早期征象,反映其病理变化,敏感性较高.     

MRI STIR技术在诊断脊柱转移瘤中的应用价值

目的: 探讨STIR技术在MRI诊断脊柱转移瘤中的应用价值.材料和方法: 回顾性对照分析42例脊柱转移瘤之常规T1WI、T2WI及STIR序列的表现.结果: 42例共累及196个椎体.71个椎体T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,11个椎体T1WI、T2WI均呈低信号,114个椎体T1WI或T2WI呈混杂信号,病灶STIR序列均呈异常高信号.105个椎体形态无明显改变,91个椎体伴有后缘膨隆或压缩性骨折,11例继发椎管狭窄,14例伴椎旁软组织肿块,STIR序列能清晰显示以上所有异常.结论: STIR序列易于发现脊柱转移灶,可较准确地判断肿瘤的侵袭范围及程度,并有助于转移瘤的鉴别诊断.     

急性白血病骨髓MRI定性和定量诊断价值

目的　通过观察急性白血病治疗前后骨髓的MRI表现和T1及对比噪声比 (CNR)的测定 ,对照临床、病理资料 ,探讨急性白血病骨髓MRI定性和定量诊断价值。材料与方法　选择经临床确诊为急性白血病的患者 38例 ,缓解组 2 5例 ,对照组 35例进行MRI检查及T1值和CNR的测定。结果　急性白血病T1WI:治疗前组 38例 ,腰骶椎、髂骨及股骨近段均表现为信号降低 ;化疗缓解组 2 5例表现为不同程度的信号增高。T2 WI :38例治疗前组和 2 5例化疗后组各椎体、髂骨、股骨上段呈等信号。外周血B %、骨髓B %、腰椎T1值、腰椎 /皮下脂肪CNR、股骨骨髓 /皮下脂肪CNR于急性白血病治疗前组与正常对照组、治疗前组与缓解组间的差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,缓解组与正常对照组间的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,不同细胞类型间的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。腰椎T1值于不同性别、年龄组间的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。治疗前组骨髓B %与腰椎T1值、腰椎 /皮下脂肪CNR ,外周血B %与腰椎T1值、腰椎 /皮下脂肪CNR及腰椎T1值与腰椎 /皮下脂肪CNR之间成直线相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　急性白血病的MRI检查为一种无创性检查方法 ,MRI表现具有一定的特征性 ,在估计病情的严重程度及治疗效果的评价简便实用 ,为避免多次重复骨髓穿刺检查以及全面     

白血病患者造血干细胞移植前后的骨髓MRI研究

目的:研究白血病患者造血干细胞移植前后不同阶段的MRI表现,并探讨最佳显示部位及MR检查序列。方法:31例中对照组14例,病例组17例(观察时间内未复发14例,复发3例)。均应用T1WI、STIR、DWI和常规增强相结合的方法,行骨盆、股骨干和腰椎MRI骨髓成像。结果:①未复发组:14例均有腰椎和髂骨T1WI信号增高,11例STIR及DWI示原病变区信号减低,3例信号无明显变化;各组骨髓ADC值较移植前变化不明显;②复发组:T1WI上见点片状低信号灶,STIR示在相应部位可见高信号灶,DWI示病灶处信号稍高,ADC灰度图能更清楚地显示复发病灶。各组骨髓ADC值较同期未复发者明显增高。结论:MRI是监测白血病造血干细胞移植后植活和复发的有效影像学监测方法。部位以髂骨最为敏感,DWI显示病灶最佳。     

化脓性脊柱炎的MRI征象分析

目的 探讨化脓性脊柱炎的MRI表现.方法 对24例经手术及病理证实的化脓性脊柱炎MRI资料进行分析.结果 24例中,病变发生在腰椎18例,胸椎2例,胸腰段1例,腰骶段3例.21例为相邻2个椎体破坏并累及椎间盘,3例为单节椎体破坏未累及椎间盘.骨质破坏、增生硬化、骨髓水肿并存,椎体破坏塌陷程度轻,椎间隙变窄程度轻,脊柱曲度多正常.T1WI椎体破坏及受累椎间盘分界欠清并为低信号,T2WI为等或稍高信号,STIR为高信号;骨质增生硬化为低信号(各序列);骨髓水肿为高信号(STIR).合并病理性骨折1例,椎旁脓肿9例,硬膜囊及蛛网膜下腔受压18例,脊髓受压7例.结论 化脓性脊柱炎的表现具有一定的特征性,MRI对本病的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重大价值.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.