小肠平滑肌肿瘤及小肠腺癌的血管观察(血管造影与血管铸型对比研究)

目的 观察小肠平滑肌肿瘤及腺癌的血管特征。方法 对１０例平滑肌肿瘤、８例腺癌标本分别进行血管铸型,Ｘ线摄影,病理观察,同时对肠系膜上动脉造影比较。结果 离体血管铸型能清晰显示血管,术前６例确诊为平滑肌肿瘤（６／１０）,３例确诊为腺癌（３／８）。小肠平滑肌肿瘤血管增多、增粗、紊乱,吻合丰富,瘤体染色,似“蜘蛛网”状。小肠平滑肌肉瘤中心造影剂池明显。小肠尕癌血管变化多样,但常见癌周血管明显增多、紊乱,     

正常小肠血管与小肠腺癌血管对比研究

目的：建立正常小肠血管形态及小肠腺癌血管形态。材料与方法：对１０例正常小肠标本、１６例经病理证实的手术切除标本，其中８例术前已作肠系膜上动脉造影，分别采用血管铸型、血管造影、解剖镜观察及图像分析。结果：正常小肠血管的形态、分布与传统观点不尽相同。血管密度以十二指肠球部最低、在空、回肠呈由低增高，继而降低的变化规律。小肠腺癌术前血管造影确诊率较低（３／８）例，血管造影呈现：供血动脉增粗、杵状中断、狭窄，癌体内造影剂池，癌周血管增多、扭曲，肿块实质血管减少等特征。与正常组比，小肠腺癌血管面密度（目标总面积／统计场总面积）显著性减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：认识正常小肠血管分布规律，有助于小肠肿瘤的介入诊断和治疗。小肠腺癌癌周血管增多、变形，癌体内血管少、常见造影剂池征。     

常见小肠疾病血管的实验研究

目的：建立小肠疾病的血管形态，为介入、螺旋ＣＴ（ＨＣＴ）诊断和介入治疗提供依据。材料与方法：对８例正常新鲜小肠标本，１０例平滑肌肿瘤（１５个瘤体），６例腺癌，３例类癌及６例Ｃｒｏｈｎ病均经病理证实的手术切除小肠标本，采用血管造影、量化分析（ＣＭＩＡＳ００７）及病理观察。结果：正常小肠动脉分布具有一定规律性，空肠段直动脉通常分为三支（两长支，一短支），回肠段直动脉通常分为两支（长、短各一）。小肠平滑肌肿瘤血管特征：供血动脉增粗，沿瘤蒂进入瘤中心，放射分布、丛状增生、彼此吻合形似“蜘蛛网”状（ｓｐｉｄｅｒｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ），血管扭曲、中断、瘤中心造影剂池征（ｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔｍｅｄｉｕｍｐｕｄｄｌｅ）提示平滑肌肉瘤。小肠腺癌以癌周血管增多、增粗、扭曲，癌实质血管减少为特征。小肠类癌的供血动脉受压移位、中断，癌实质血管少。小肠Ｃｒｏｈｎ病以血管增多，增粗，吻合丰富，但仍保持正常血管的分配规律，还可见到血管纡曲、空穴现象及淋巴结肿大、染色征。结论：小肠平滑肌肿瘤为多血管肿瘤，良、恶性之间存在一定特点。小肠腺癌癌周血管丰富，癌实质血管少。小肠类癌为少血供肿瘤。小肠Ｃｒｏｈｎ病为血管增多疾病，但仍保持正常分配规律。     

原发性小肠肿瘤的影像学诊断价值

目的 对手术病理证实的原发性小肠肿瘤28例的影像学检查进行分析,探讨影像学检查的诊断价值。方法 28例小肠肿瘤有20例行CT检查,8例行消化道造影检查,7例行ERCP检查,12例行内镜检查,2例行DSA血管造影检查。结果 28例小肠肿瘤中有16例恶性肿瘤、12例良性肿瘤。恶性肿瘤以腺癌及平滑肌肉瘤为多,良性肿瘤以腺瘤及平滑肌瘤为多。其中CT术前诊断正确率为70％(14/20),消化道造影正确率为72％(6/8),ERCP为82％(6/7),内镜为86％(10/12)。结论 影像学检查是小肠肿瘤诊断的重要手段,多种检查方法的结合可提高诊断的正确率。     

不明原因小肠出血DSA血管造影价值

目的 探讨DSA血管造影对不明原因小肠出血的诊断价值。方法 25例小肠出血患者，均经Seldinger’s法行肠系膜上动脉插管造影。结果 出血的直接征象11例，出血间接征象12例，其中5例同时具有直接征象和间接征象。出血阳性率72％。病变性质为：肿瘤性病变10例，其中平滑肌瘤6例，平滑肌肉瘤2例，间质瘤1例，小肠癌1例；麦克尔氏憩室4例；血管畸形3例；炎症1例。阳性病例与手术病理诊断的符合率为75％，定位诊断100％。结论 DSA血管造影对不明原因的小肠出血的定位、定性诊断有较高的价值。     

原发性小肠肿瘤的血管造影诊断与介入治疗

本文报道了１１例小肠肿瘤采用选择性血管造影，结合手术病理进行分析，其中平滑肌瘤２例，平滑肌肉瘤３例，腺瘤２例，腺癌３例，脂肪瘤１例，诊断符合率８１．８％，对定位诊断造成错误的１例作了回顾，对定性诊断存在一定的限度和应用山莨菪碱血管造影可使病理血管清楚显示作了探讨，并讨论了血管造影对小肠肿瘤的诊断和介入治疗的应用价值。     

超声造影对高回声肾肿瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声造影对高回声肾良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值.方法 对19例高回声肾肿瘤的超声造影检查与手术病理结果进行对照分析.结果 11例血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,8例肾透明细胞癌.11例血管平滑肌脂肪瘤中6例显示造影后增强和局部增强,呈快进慢出(6/11);1例表现为快进快出(1/11);4例表现为先增强,随后造影剂廓清完全,呈不增强(与肾皮质对比瘤体呈负显影,4/11).5例肾透明细胞癌均呈快进快出(5/8);2例表现出快进慢出(2/8);1例为完全不增强(负显影,1/8);5例有假包膜.肾透明细胞癌快进快出的比例与肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).而两种肾肿瘤的快进慢出和"负显影"的超声造影表现差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 超声造影对高回声肾肿瘤的鉴别诊断有一定价值,高回声肾肿瘤的超声造影特征仍有待进一步研究.     

以黑便为首发的原发性小肠肿瘤23例分析

我院 1990～ 2 0 0 2 - 0 4收治小肠肿瘤 71例 ,其中以黑便为首发表现 2 3例分析如下。1　临床资料本组男 15例 ,女 8例 ,年龄 35～ 76岁 ,平均 5 6岁。黑便出现时间 2 d～ 2 a,平均 10 .5月。良性肿瘤 9例 ,恶性肿瘤 14例。其病理类型及病变部位见表 1。表 1　 2 3例小肠肿瘤病理类型及病变部位部位良性例数恶性例数十二指肠平滑肌瘤 1腺癌 2类癌 1恶性纤维组织细胞癌 1空肠平滑肌瘤 2平滑肌肉瘤 1管状绒毛状腺瘤 3恶性淋巴瘤 2腺癌回肠息肉型腺瘤 2腺癌 2平滑肌瘤 1平滑肌肉瘤 1恶性淋巴瘤 1　　本次住院入院诊断 :上消化道出血 4例 ,十二…     

孤立性肺结节与血管关系的多层螺旋CT研究

目的探讨孤立性肺结节（SPN）中血管改变在多层螺旋CT（MSCT）的表现及MSCT诊断价值。方法84例SPN患者均行MSCT检查,并观察SPN与血管的关系。结果Ⅰ型（增粗的血管引向SPN）24例,其中腺癌8例,腺鳞癌6例,转移性肿瘤2例,淋巴瘤2例,肺泡癌2例,炎性假瘤3例,动静脉畸形1例;Ⅱ型（增多的血管引向SPN）20例,其中腺癌10例,腺鳞癌6例,炎性假瘤3例,肺曲菌球1例;Ⅲ型（血管穿行于SPN,其走行、形态无明显改变）8例,其中腺癌2例,腺鳞癌1例,肺泡癌1例,结核球瘤3例,神经内分泌瘤1例;Ⅳ型（血管在SPN边缘走行并受压移位）32例,其中结核球瘤7例,炎性假瘤9例,错构瘤1例,腺癌3例,肺泡癌9例,类癌1例,转移性肿瘤1例,小细胞癌1例。结论MSCT能很好地评价SPN周围的血管改变,对SPN的良、恶性的判断有重要的价值。     

原发性小肠肿瘤的诊断与治疗(附37例报告)

目的：总结原发性小肠肿瘤的诊断和治疗经验。方法：回顾分析37例原发性小肠肿瘤的临床资料。结果：男21例,女16例,其中恶性肿瘤24例（腺癌6例,恶性淋巴瘤10例,平滑肌肉瘤8例）,良性肿瘤13例（平滑肌瘤7例,腺癌3例,脂肪瘤、淋巴管瘤、纤维血管瘤各1例）。肿瘤位于回肠18例,空肠14例,十二指肠5例。术前确诊仅13例（35.1%)。结论：因本病少见且缺乏特异表现,术前诊断困难。误诊率高,手术切除是最有效的治疗手段。     

肾肿瘤血管的实验研究

目的 研究肾肿瘤血管的形态分布,为肾肿瘤影像诊断和治疗提供依据.方法 22例肾肿瘤,术后肾脏切除标本制作血L管铸犁,使用大体及电子显微镜观察肿瘤血管的形态特征.结果 肾脏肿瘤血管铸型显示肿瘤血管增多、增粗、受压、移位;肿瘤内部血管丰富,且存在动一静脉瘘.结论 肾细胞癌大部分为多血供肿瘤,肿瘤区血管较止常组织发生了明显变化,有自己独特的表现.     

数字减影血管造影在胃肠道疾病中的诊断价值

目的:评价DSA(Digital Subtraction Angiography)对胃肠道疾病的论断价值.方法:回顾性分析均经手术病理证实的40例胃肠道疾病的数字疾病的数字减影血管造影片,同时与钡餐,钡灌及内窥镜检查相对照.结果:血供丰富的病变有:平滑肌肿瘤,腺癌,Crohn病与血管畸形,血管具有相应特征,结合钡璨,钡灌及内窥镜检查,临床论断率较高,少血管病变有:淋巴瘤,类癌及肠结核,缺乏明显的血管特征,介入诊断难较,平滑肌肿瘤血管呈“蜘蛛网“状,腺癌周血管增多,增粗,Crohn病病变肠管之间可见正常血管,血管畸形的血管增多,紊乱,钡灌及内窥镜检查多为阴性,结果:DSA对胃肠道疾病的论断有一定帮助,尤其是对多血管肿瘤及血管畸形病变的诊断更有价值.     

超声鉴别诊断肉芽肿性乳腺炎与乳腺癌

目的 探讨二维超声及CDFI鉴别实块型肉芽肿性乳腺炎和乳腺癌的价值。 方法 回顾性分析经病理学确诊的12例肉芽肿性乳腺炎和328例乳腺癌患者的二维超声及CDFI特征,比较分析其超声表现。 结果 12例肉芽肿性乳腺炎中,7例为实块型,二维超声表现为乳腺腺体内实质不均质肿块,内部低回声中可见腺体样稍强回声,呈假肾征;乳腺癌二维超声表现为实性肿块,形态不规则,纵径大于横径,内部为不均质低回声,可见砂砾样钙化,边缘不规则,可见成角、毛刺,周围见不规则、厚薄不均的恶性晕环。CDFI示实块型肉芽肿性乳腺炎血供丰富,血管分布于肿块边缘或局部;而CDFI显示穿入血管、穿入血管分支、直接血管分支及中央粗大血管是乳腺癌的特征性血管分布形式。二者血流阻力指数均偏高。 结论 实块型肉芽肿性乳腺炎和乳腺癌的二维超声和CDFI表现不同;超声对于两者的鉴别诊断有一定价值。     

64排螺旋CT 血管成像评价血液透析动静脉内瘘功能不全

目的 对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者动静脉内瘘血管的狭窄部位及程度进行影像学评价.方法 对30例临床出现内瘘功能不全症状的MHD患者,应用64排螺旋CT血管成像技术,观察内瘘血管的狭窄部位、程度、血栓形成及侧支循环情况,并对两种主要的后处理方法进行对比.结果 30例患者均经CTA确定了狭窄的责任血管.流入动脉狭窄3例,其中轻度1例,中度2例;流出静脉狭窄13例,轻度、中度及重度分别为6例、4例及3例;吻合口狭窄30例33处,轻度、中度及重度分别为3处、19处及11处.出现侧支循环5例.MIP显示5例存在血栓,VR通过调整不同阈值后显示血栓4例. 结论 对于血液透析动静脉内瘘功能不全,64层螺旋CTA可基本无创地显示瘘血管的全貌、狭窄部位及狭窄程度.     

3.0T 三维动态增强MR血管成像诊断脊髓血管畸形

目的 评价3.0T MR脊髓三维动态增强MR血管成像(CE-MRA)诊断脊髓血管畸形的临床价值。方法 对临床及MR平扫疑诊脊髓血管病的14例患者行CE-MRA检查,其中13例于3~5天内接受DSA检查,6例接受手术治疗,对比分析MRA与DSA及手术结果。结果 CE-MRA诊断8例为硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF),5例为髓周动静脉瘘(PMAVF),1例为脊髓动静脉畸形(SCAVM);与DSA检查结果对照,14例中,MRA可以准确判断11例的供血动脉及瘘口。结论 3.0T 3D-CE-MRA可快速、无创、清晰地显示脊髓血管畸形的供血动脉及瘘口,在诊断脊髓血管畸形、协助制定治疗方案及术后随访等方面具有重要价值。     

Co-combination of islets with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promotes angiogenesis

BackgroundIslet transplantation is a commonly therapeutic strategy for diabetes mellitus. However, avascular phase and the poor formation of blood vessels in the late period lead to islet allograft loss which contributed to inefficiency and short-acting of islet transplantation. Recently, to speed up new angiogenesis and increase the density of blood vessels around transplanted islets became the hotspot in research of islet transplantation.MethodsIn this study, we undergone co-combination transplantation of allogeneic islet and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) into non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and investigated the influence of BM-MSCs in transplanted islet function and neovascularization.ResultsIn mice of co-combination transplantation of islet with BM-MSCs, level of blood glucose was improved compared with only BM-MSCs transplanted mice; proliferation of islet cell was enhanced while apoptosis of islet cell was reduced; 2, 4, and 8 weeks post transplantation, peripheral vascular density of islet grafts were significantly more than the islet transplantation group alone; donor lymphocytic chimerism in graft was increased. In result of immunofluorescence analysis, we observed that BM-MSCs can migrate to transplanted islet, differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and vascular endothelial cells (VEC), and also secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).ConclusionBM-MSCs can migrate to transplanted islet and promote neovascularization. Also, it enhanced allograft immune tolerance of islet grafts via increasing donor lymphocytic chimerism.     

颅内管腔非狭窄性脑卒中患者动脉粥样硬化斑块特点

目的 以高分辨率MRI（HRMRI）观察颅内管腔非狭窄性脑卒中患者动脉粥样硬化斑块的特点。方法 纳入41例MR血管造影（MRA）未见明显异常的动脉粥样硬化性缺血性脑卒中患者,根据HRMRI所见分析其颅内动脉粥样斑块,比较责任斑块与非责任斑块位置、强化、血管重构及斑块负荷的差异。结果 41例中,于33例（33/41,80.49%）中检出50个颅内斑块,平均负荷值（12.96±8.03）%;斑块所在血管正性重构率72.00%（36/50）。8例（8/41,19.51%）未见明确斑块。50个斑块中,17个为责任斑块,33个为非责任斑块,责任斑块位于前循环的比例明显高于非责任斑块（P<0.05）,其强化状态、负荷及血管重构差异均无明显统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 颅内管腔非狭窄性脑卒中患者斑块负荷较低,且斑块所在血管易发生正性重构,前循环斑块更多导致脑血管病事件。     

Hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic cerebral proliferative angiopathy: A case report

BACKGROUNDCerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) is a rare vascular disease characterized by the presence of diffuse vascular proliferation, progressive vascular hyperflow and vasodilation of multiple vessels in the normal brain parenchyma. Unlike cerebral arteriovenous malformations, CPA has a mixed appearance between that of lesions with cell proliferation and endothelial proliferation. To date, the pathogenesis of CPA is unclear, in which changes induced by cortical ischemia in the elastic layer of the blood supply artery and smooth muscle cells may be involved.CASE SUMMARYIn this article, we retrospectively analyzed a case of hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic CPA diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography and reviewed the related literature for further exploration of its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.CONCLUSIONThe information in the present case report may facilitate further clinical research on this cerebrovascular disease.     

Usefulness of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging in differential diagnosis of fetal congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and bronchopulmonary sequestration

BACKGROUNDCongenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) and bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) are the most common lung diseases in fetuses. There are differences in the prognosis and treatment of CCAM and BPS, and the clinical diagnosis and treatment plan is usually prepared prior to birth. Therefore, it is quite necessary to make a clear diagnosis before delivery. CCAM and BPS have similar imaging features, and the differentiation mainly relies on the difference in supply vessels. However, it is hard to distinguish them due to invisible supplying vessels on some images.AIMTo explore the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the differential diagnosis of fetal CCAM and BPS.METHODSData analysis for 32 fetuses with CCAM and 14 with BPS diagnosed by prenatal MRI at Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital and Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 was performed to observe the source blood vessels of lesions and their direction. Pathological confirmation was completed through CT examination and/or operations after birth. RESULTSAfter birth, 31 cases after birth were confirmed to be CCAM, and 15 were confirmed to be BPS. The CCAM group consisted of 21 macrocystic cases and 10 microcystic cases. In 18 cases, blood vessels were visible in lesions. Blood supply of the pulmonary artery could be traced in eight cases, and in 10 cases, only vessels running from the midline to the lateral down direction were observed. No lesions were found in four macrocystic cases and one microcystic case with CCAM through CT after birth; two were misdiagnosed by MRI, and three were misdiagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography. The BPS group consisted of 12 intralobar cases and three extralobar cases. Blood vessels were visible in lesions of nine cases, in four of which, the systemic circulation blood supply could be traced, and in five of which, only vessels running from the midline to the lateral up direction were observed. Three were misdiagnosed by MRI, and four were misdiagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography. CONCLUSIONCCAM and BPS can be clearly diagnosed based on the origin of blood vessels, and correct diagnosis can be made according to the difference in the direction of the blood vessels, but it is hard distinguish microcystic CCAM and BPS without supplying vessels. In some CCAM cases, mainly the macrocystic ones, the lesions may disappear after birth.