星点设计-效应面法优化硝苯地平缓释微丸的包衣处方

目的以星点设计-效应面法筛选并优化硝苯地平缓释微丸包衣处方,量化Eudragit RL/RS用量及比例与释放度之间的关系,为硝苯地平缓释微丸胶囊的研究提供参考。方法采用层积上药法制备含药丸芯,流化床包衣制备缓释微丸。以释放度作为考察指标,将Eudragit RL/RS比例和包衣增重为自变量,采用星点设计-效应面法优化包衣处方,并对模型进行验证。结果包衣液中Eudragit RL/RS的配比、包衣增重量对释放度影响显著。二次方模型是描述指标与因素之间的最佳模型。当Eudragit RL/RS的包衣增重量为15%,Eudragit RL/RS的配比为4:6时,制备的硝苯地平缓释微丸能维持12 h持续释药,释药速率实测值与预测值的偏差<10%。结论星点设计-效应面法可用于硝苯地平缓释微丸包衣处方的优化,所建模型具有较好的预测能力和实用性。     

帕利哌酮缓释微丸的处方优化

该研究采用挤出滚圆法制备了帕利哌酮丸芯，再用甲基丙烯酸共聚物(Eudragit)包衣制备缓释微丸，并采用正交设计分别优化了载药丸芯和缓释微丸的处方包衣工艺参数。结果表明，采用Eudragit RS30D与Eudragit RL30D作为包衣材料，且Eudragit RS30D占包衣材料总量65%时得到的优化缓释微丸在不同pH介质中的体外释放行为符合一级动力学方程。     

克拉霉素缓释包衣微丸的制备及体外释放度研究

目的制备克拉霉素缓释包衣微丸,并对其体外释放度进行考察。方法采用挤出滚圆技术制备克拉霉素含药微丸。以优化的丙烯酸树脂类Eudragit NE30D和Eudragit L30D-55混和水分散体为包衣材料,采用流化床包衣技术,制备缓释包衣微丸。考察自制缓释微丸的体外释药速率,并与市售的克拉霉素缓释胶囊进行比较。结果通过释药行为的评价,得到优化的包衣处方为5∶1的Eudragit NE30D和Eudragit L30D-55混和包衣材料,其体外释放行为在不同的pH溶出介质中与市售制剂产品没有明显差异,体外释药过程符合一级释放模型。结论采用挤出滚圆和流化床技术,以及优化的Eudragit NE30D和Eudragit L30D-55混和水分散体包衣材料,成功制备了克拉霉素缓释包衣微丸。     

盐酸青藤碱缓释微丸的研制

目的制备盐酸青藤碱缓释微丸,并对其体外释药情况进行研究。方法采用离心造粒技术制备微晶纤维素空白丸核和盐酸青藤碱含药丸芯,以聚丙烯酸树脂Eudragit NE 30D为包衣液制成膜控缓释微丸,考察包衣增重、抗粘剂用量等因素对缓释微丸释放度的影响。结果通过单因素考察确定了包衣液处方,所制备的微丸具有明显的缓释特征,体外释药过程符合一级动力学模型。结论用聚丙烯酸树脂Eudragit NE30D作为包衣材料所得缓释微丸符合24 h缓释要求。     

对乙酰氨基酚缓释微丸的制备及释放度研究

目的制备对乙酰氨基酚缓释微丸,考察包衣处方等因素对微丸释放度的影响。方法采用离心-造粒法制备微晶纤维素空白丸核和对乙酰氨基酚微丸,并在此基础上采用甲基丙烯酸树脂(Eudragit RS30D/RL30D)包衣,制备对乙酰氨基酚缓释微丸。采用HPLC法测定对乙酰氨基酚缓释微丸释放度,单因素筛选包衣处方的优化参数。结果以Eudragit RS30D/RL30D比例为15:1(w/w),包衣增重为10%,柠檬酸三乙酯占包衣材料量的25%,滑石粉占包衣材料量的40%为包衣液,制备的对乙酰氨基酚释微丸释药曲线具有较好的缓释特性。结论制备的对乙酰氨基酚缓释微丸具有缓释特性且操作简便、工艺稳定。     

星点设计-效应面法优化盐酸美金刚缓释微丸处方

目的:采用星点设计-效应面法优化盐酸美金刚微丸的缓释包衣处方.方法:以苏丽丝缓释包衣液中致孔剂的比例(A)和包衣增重(B)为考察因素,以药物在2、4、8、16 h的累积释放度为考察指标,进行多元线性回归和二次、三次多项式回归,建立指标与因素之间的函数关系,并绘制效应面和等高线图,等高线图重合区即为最佳处方区域,在此区域内选取一点验证,并计算自制药和原研药的f2相似因子.结果:星点设计-效应面法确定自变量的最优区域为致孔剂比例14.0%~18.0%,包衣增重4.5%~7.7%.结论:星点设计-效应面法优化盐酸美金刚缓释微丸包衣处方具有良好的预测性.自研制剂与原研药体外释放行为相似(f2>50).     

基于星点设计-效应面法优化的曲美他嗪双层渗透泵控释片的制备及评价

目的制备曲美他嗪双层渗透泵控释片并优化其处方。方法以含药层聚氧乙烯用量、助推层氯化钠用量、包衣增重为考察因素,药物的8 h累积释放度和0⁸ h释放曲线的线性相关系数为考察指标,应用星点设计-效应面法对处方进行优化并验证。结果最优处方为含药层聚氧乙烯的用量86 mg,助推层氯化钠用量为25 mg,包衣增重7%。其释放曲线在08 h释放曲线的线性相关系数为考察指标,应用星点设计-效应面法对处方进行优化并验证。结果最优处方为含药层聚氧乙烯的用量86 mg,助推层氯化钠用量为25 mg,包衣增重7%。其释放曲线在0⁸ h零级释放特征显著,8 h累积释放量达到89%以上,实测值与预测值无明显差异。结论采用星点设计-效应面法成功得到曲美他嗪双层渗透泵控释片的处方优化模型,实现了处方优化。     

灰色绝对关联度在盐酸普萘洛尔延迟缓释微丸处方优化中的应用

目的:探讨灰色绝对关联度在盐酸普萘洛尔延迟缓释微丸处方优化中的应用.方法:采用正交试验设计考察盐酸普萘洛尔延迟缓释微丸处方优化中的4个因素,以灰色绝对关联度为处方优化指标来优化处方.结果:最优处方为:内层致孔剂用量为12％,外层包衣增重为35％,外层包衣材料中Aquacoat ECD-30和Eduragit L30D-55配比为1∶1,内层包衣增重为10％、结论:根据最优处方制备的盐酸普萘洛尔延迟缓释微丸达到预期的体外释放,故灰色绝对关联度可作为缓控释制剂处方优化指标.     

苦黄缓释微丸的制备及其质量考察

目的:考察苦黄缓释微丸的制备及其质量指标。方法:利用流化床包衣设备,采用薄膜包衣法制备苦黄缓释微丸,以总蒽醌为指标性成分,测定缓释微丸的释放度,并考察了包衣处方工艺因素对药物释放的影响。结果:流化床薄膜包衣法成功制备了苦黄缓释微丸,其Eudragit RS 30D与Eudragit RL 30D的用量比例为1∶0时,包衣增重为14%;累积释放百分率2h26%,6h70%,12h90%。结论:水性薄膜包衣技术制备苦黄缓释微丸,具有良好的体外缓释行为。     

盐酸地尔硫卓延迟缓释微丸的制备及处方优化

目的制备盐酸地尔硫卓延迟缓释微丸并对其处方进行优化。方法采用挤出滚圆法制备含药丸芯。采用流化床双层包衣技术以乙基纤维素为内层包衣材料,乙基纤维素与丙烯酸树脂的混合膜材为外层包衣材料制备延迟缓释微丸。以释放度为考察指标对其进行单因素考察,采用星点设计-效应面法优化处方,并对模型处方进行验证。结果单因素考察结果表明内层包衣增重、外层包衣增重以及外层包衣材料配比对释放度影响显著。通过所建立优化模型的效应面图可知,内层包衣增重X1=4.5%⁷.0%,外层包衣增重X2=7.0%7.0%,外层包衣增重X2=7.0%¹8.5%时所得的模型处方具有理想的释放时滞和释药速率。处方验证结果的f2相似因子为69.24>50,表明3批自制微丸的释药曲线与理论释药曲线具有良好的相似性。结论制备了具有理想释药时滞和释药速率的盐酸地尔硫卓延迟缓释微丸,所建数学模型具有良好的预测效果。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors and Advances in nucleosides and nucleotides.

The American Chemical Society Symposium "Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors" took place on 1 April 1998 and was organized by Professors Zbigniew J Witczak (UConn, School of Pharmacy, CT, USA), Kuniaki Tatsuta (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) and Waldemar Priebe, MD (Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, USA). Professor Witczak provided introductory remarks including the status of existing glucosidase inhibitors, and chaired the morning session, which consisted of six lectures. The symposium was well received, and was particularly attractive for those interested in networking, as attendance was about sixty. In addition, some participants and attendees presented posters on the subject during the regular poster session organized by the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry.