ACE2通过下调AT1R和ERK1/2的磷酸化而抑制平滑肌细胞的增殖

目的 探讨血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)对血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)和细胞外基质激酶(ERK)1/2磷酸化水平及细胞增殖的影响.方法 荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达;将载有ACE2基因慢病毒表达载体(Lentiviral-ACE2)以感染复数为10(MOI=10)感染平滑肌细胞不同时间(24、48、72、96 h);采用CCK-8法检测平滑肌细胞增殖;Western blot检测ACE2、AT1R及ERK1/2磷酸化水平.结果 目的 蛋白GFP表达量明显增加,慢病毒ACE2的表达量成时间依赖性增加,并且在96 h时蛋白表达量较对照组和空载体组明显升高,(1.22±0.06 vs 0.53±0.03和0.53±0.09,P<0.05,n=4);AngⅡ(10-7 mol·L-1)可以促进平滑肌细胞的增殖,ACE2能够抑制AngⅡ诱导的平滑肌细胞增殖(0.53±0.10 vs 0.68±0.03,P<0.05,n=5);AngⅡ(10-7 mol·L-1)作用平滑肌细胞12 h后AT1R明显上调,同时ACE2明显抑制AngⅡ诱导的AT1R的上调(0.34±0.01 vs 0.73±0.07,P<0.05,n=4); ACE2能够明显抑制AngⅡ诱导的ERK1/2的磷酸化水平 (0.43±0.06 vs 0.71±0.08,P<0.05,n=4).结论 ACE2可以通过下调AT1R和/及ERK1/2 的磷酸化水平而抑制平滑肌增殖,提示ACE2的过表达具有血管保护作用.     

ACE2通过下调AT1R和ERK1/2的磷酸化

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)对血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)和细胞外基质激酶(ERK)1/2磷酸化水平及细胞增殖的影响。方法荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达;将载有ACE2基因慢病毒表达载体(Lentiviral-ACE2)以感染复数为10(MOI=10)感染平滑肌细胞不同时间(24、48、72、96 h);采用CCK-8法检测平滑肌细胞增殖;Western blot检测ACE2、AT1R及ERK1/2磷酸化水平。结果目的蛋白GFP表达量明显增加,慢病毒ACE2的表达量成时间依赖性增加,并且在96 h时蛋白表达量较对照组和空载体组明显升高,(1.22±0.06 vs 0.53±0.03和0.53±0.09,P<0.05,n=4);AngⅡ(10-7 mol·L-1)可以促进平滑肌细胞的增殖,ACE2能够抑制AngⅡ诱导的平滑肌细胞增殖(0.53±0.10 vs 0.68±0.03,P<0.05,n=5);AngⅡ(10-7mol·L-1)作用平滑肌细胞12 h后AT1R明显上调,同时ACE2明显抑制AngⅡ诱导的AT1R的上调(0.34±0.01 vs 0.73±0.07,P<0.05,n=4);ACE2能够明显抑制AngⅡ诱导的ERK1/2的磷酸化水平(0.43±0.06 vs 0.71±0.08,P<0.05,n=4)。结论 ACE2可以通过下调AT1R和/及ERK1/2的磷酸化水平而抑制平滑肌增殖,提示ACE2的过表达具有血管保护作用。     

淡豆豉异黄酮对增殖血管平滑肌细胞JAK2/STAT3信号转导通路的影响

目的探讨淡豆豉异黄酮对血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensin Ⅱ,AngⅡ)诱导大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cell,VSMC)增殖及Janus激酶2-细胞信号转导及转录活化因子3(JAK2/STAT3)信号通路的影响。方法建立AngⅡ诱导VSMC增殖模型,MTT法检测VSMC增殖活性;RT-PCR法检测AngⅡ1型受体(angiotensin Ⅱreceptor1,AT1R)mRNA表达;Westernblot法检测JAK2/STAT3信号通路蛋白JAK2,STAT3及其磷酸化表达水平。结果100、200μg·L-1淡豆豉异黄酮可明显抑制AngⅡ诱导的VSMC增殖,并明显下调AT1R mRNA表达水平;200μg·L-1淡豆豉异黄酮可明显下调磷酸化JAK2、磷酸化STAT3的表达。结论淡豆豉异黄酮可抑制AngⅡ诱导的VSMC增殖,其机制可能与下调AT1R表达,阻断JAK2/STAT3信号通路的磷酸化有关。     

厄贝沙坦治疗高血压病合并2型糖尿病患者尿蛋白的临床分析

厄贝沙坦是一种血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(AngⅡ),能抑制AngⅠ转为AngⅡ,特异性地拮抗血管紧张素转换酶1受体(AT1),通过选择地阻断AngⅡ与AT1受体结合,抑制血管收缩和醛固酮的释放,产生降压作用和保护靶器官的作用.本文使用厄贝沙坦治疗高血压病合并2型糖尿病52例,观察其降压疗效,治疗前后尿蛋白的改变及治疗的安全性.     

ACE2小干扰RNA对平滑肌细胞AT1受体蛋白表达及其下游信号通路的影响

目的研究ACE2 siRNA干预SD大鼠平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)后,探讨ACE2对血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AngⅡtype 1 receptor,ATlR)蛋白表达、ERK1/2、STAT3蛋白磷酸化水平的影响。方法(1)用脂质体法将含有ACE2基因的质粒DNA及si-ACE2转染到各对应干预组VSMCs;(2)Western blot检测各组细胞ACE2、AT1R蛋白表达水平以及p-ERK1/2、p-STAT3蛋白的磷酸化水平。结果(1)对比空白对照组、GFP组、脂质体组,si-ACE2组、AngⅡ组ACE2蛋白表达明显降低,而AT1R蛋白表达和p-ERK1/2、p-STAT3蛋白磷酸化水平明显增加(P<0.05);(2)分别对比AngⅡ组和AngⅡ+ACE2组,AngⅡ+si-ACE2组和AngⅡ+ACE2+si-ACE2相应的ACE2蛋白表达均降低,而AT1R蛋白表达、p-ERK1/2、p-STAT3蛋白磷酸化水平均增加(P<0.05)。结论ACE2 siRNA和AngⅡ均能抑制ACE2蛋白的表达,且两者对ACE2起协同抑制作用;ACE2蛋白表达的减少能上调AT1受体蛋白表达,同时提高其下游信号通路ERK1/2、STAT3蛋白磷酸化水平。     

厄贝沙坦分散片不同实验条件下的溶出度

厄贝沙坦为血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）受体抑制剂,能抑制AngⅠ转化为AngⅡ,能特异性地拮抗血管紧张素转换酶AngⅠ受体。通过选择性阻断AngⅡ与AT1受体的结合而抑制血管收缩和醛固酮释放,产生降压作用,是临床常用的一种治疗原发性高血压的药物。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对足细胞Notch通路及Nephrin表达的影响

目的探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)刺激小鼠足细胞对Notch通路、Nephrin表达的影响。方法 AngⅡ刺激小鼠足细胞并给予缬沙坦干预,采用免疫荧光化学、Western blot、Real-time PCR方法检测Notch1、Notch胞内域1(NICD1)、Hes1、Nephrin的表达情况。结果 AngⅡ呈时间依赖性增加足细胞Notch1、NICD1、Hes1表达,抑制Nephrin表达(P<0.01);缬沙坦可抑制AngⅡ对Notch通路的活化,增加Nephrin的表达(P<0.01)。结论 AngⅡ通过激活Notch通路降低足细胞Nephrin表达。     

厄贝沙坦治疗舒张性心力衰竭35例临床分析

厄贝沙坦是一种具有高度选择性血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)Ⅰ型受体(AT1)拮抗剂(ARB),较ACEI可更安全地阻断RAS系统。我们对35例舒张性心力衰竭(DHF)患者应用厄贝沙坦治疗,现将结果报道如下。     

β-抑制蛋白在AT_1受体信号通路中的作用及意义

血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)是肾素-血管紧张素系统的重要活性物质,广泛参与心血管活动的调节。AngⅡ通过与其受体结合,诱导激活复杂的胞内信号通路,是其参与多种病理生理过程的基础。β-抑制蛋白(β-arrestins)是一类负反馈调节G蛋白偶联受体的多功能蛋白,广泛存在心血管系统,是近期的研究热点。该文主要综述β-抑制蛋白在AngⅡ诱导的AngⅡ一型受体(AT1受体)信号通路中的作用及意义。     

Losartan和CGRP对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖作用的影响

目的比较非肽类血管紧张素Ⅱ受体Ⅰ型阻断剂氯沙坦(Losartan)和血管活性肽降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖作用的影响,为探讨此两类物质的降压机制提供实验依据。方法采用MTT,3H-参入法和流式细胞仪分别测定血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激下,Losartan或CGRP干预下血管平滑肌细胞的增殖变化,W est-ern b loting法测定不同状态下血管平滑肌细胞内ERK1/2的活性变化。结果Losartan或CGRP能抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激下血管平滑肌细胞的生存率、DNA合成、细胞周期增殖指数,以及细胞内ERK1/2的活性,并呈剂量依赖性。而且,CGRP抑制作用强于Losartan。结论Losartan或CGRP能抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激下血管平滑肌细胞增殖,其细胞内的信号传导途径与ERK1/2有关。     

Vascular sphingosine-1-phosphate S1P1 and S1P3 receptors

The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acts on five subtypes of G-protein- coupled receptors, termed S1P(1) (formerly endothelial differentiation gene-1 [Edg-1]), S1P(2) (Edg-5), S1P(3) (Edg-3), S1P(4) (Edg-6) and S1P(5) (Edg-8), and possibly several other "orphan" receptors, such as GPR3, GPR6 and GPR12. These receptors are coupled to different intracellular second messenger systems, including adenylate cyclase, phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinases, as well as Rho- and Ras-dependent pathways. Consistently with this receptor multiplicity and pleiotropic signaling mechanisms, S1P influences numerous cell functions. S1P(1)1, S1P(2) and S1P(3) receptors are the major S1P receptor subtypes in the cardiovascular system, where they mediate the effects of S1P released from platelets, and possibly other tissues (such as brain). Thus S1P(1) and S1P(3) receptors enhance endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, playing a key role in developmental and pathological angiogenesis. In contrast, S1P(2) receptors inhibit migration of these cell types, probably because of their unique stimulatory effect on a GTPase-activating protein inhibiting the activity of Rac. S1P receptors can also cause relaxation and constriction of blood vessels. The former effect is mediated by pertussis toxin-sensitive receptors (possibly S1P(1)) located on the endothelium and stimulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The vasoconstricting effect of S1P is likely to be mediated by S1P(2) and/or S1P(3) receptors, via Rho-Rho-kinase, and is more potent in coronary and cerebral blood vessels. Finally, S1P also protects endothelial cells from apoptosis through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/eNOS via S1P(1) and S1P(3) receptors. The variety of these effects, taken together with the existence of multiple receptor subtypes, provides an abundance of therapeutic targets that currently still await the development of selective agents.     

Antimykobakterielle 1-Phenyl-1-alkylaminoalkane

Antimycobacterial 1-Phenyl-1-alkylaminoalkanes Synthesis and testing for antimycobacterial properties (M. tuberculosis H 37 Ra, Middlebrook-7H9-broth) of 1-phenyl-1-alkylaminoalkanes, which differ from antimycobacterial N-alkylbenzylamines by an additional alkyl chain in α-position, is described. By variation of both alkyl chains and introduction of one or two Cl-substituents in the aromatic ring the activity increases up to an optimum within the homologous series. Overstepping optimal lipophilicity or ramification of the alkyl chains decrease activity. Compounds 19, 20, 33-35, 51-53, 61-63, 65-67, 70-73, 96 and 102 - 104 inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis in concentrations of 2 to 4 μg/ml.     

Sulfation of iodothyronines by human sulfotransferase 1C1 (SULT1C1)*

Sulfation is an important component of human thyroid hormone metabolism. The role of the human sulfotransferase 1C1 (SULT1C1) is not known. Because SULT1C1 is present in the adult thyroid, intra-thyroidal sulfation of thyroid hormones and their metabolites might occur. We tested this hypothesis by determining the ability of recombinant human SULT1C1 to catalyze iodothyronine sulfation. Apparent K(m) values for 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T(3)), 3, 3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T(2)), 3',5',3-triiodothyronine (rT(3)), and 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronine (T(4)) with SULT1C1 were 28.7, 10.3, 10.2, and 59.3 microM, respectively. Thermal stability and responses to inhibitors also were tested with T(3) as the substrate. Enzyme aliquots were measured simultaneously to determine SULT1C1 substrate preferences at optimal iodothyronine concentrations. SULT1C1 activity obtained with T(3) was used as 100%, and the activities with 3,3'-T(2), rT(3), T(4), and 3,5-diiodothyronine (3, 5-T(2)) were 614, 314, 25, and 4%, respectively. We report for the first time the characterization of human SULT1C1 with T(3) and the preferences of the enzyme for various iodothyronines. The presence of SULT1C1 in the adult thyroid gland raises the possibilities that the enzyme can contribute to intraglandular thyroid hormone processing and iodide reutilization.     

Phenotype of the Cyp1a1/1a2/1b1-/- triple-knockout mouse

Crossing the Cyp1a1/1a2(-/-) double-knockout mouse with the Cyp1b1(-/-) single-knockout mouse, we generated the Cyp1a1/1a2/1b1(-/-) triple-knockout mouse. In this triple-knockout mouse, statistically significant phenotypes (with incomplete penetrance) included slower weight gain and greater risk of embryolethality before gestational day 11, hydrocephalus, hermaphroditism, and cystic ovaries. Oral benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) daily for 18 days in the Cyp1a1/1a2(-/-) produced the same degree of marked immunosuppression as seen in the Cyp1a1(-/-) mouse; we believe this reflects the absence of intestinal CYP1A1. Oral BaP-treated Cyp1a1/1a2/1b1(-/-) mice showed the same "rescued" response as that seen in the Cyp1a1/1b1(-/-) mouse; we believe this reflects the absence of CYP1B1 in immune tissues. Urinary metabolite profiles were dramatically different between untreated triple-knockout and wild-type; principal components analysis showed that the shifts in urinary metabolite patterns in oral BaP-treated triple-knockout and wild-type mice were also strikingly different. Liver microarray cDNA differential expression (comparing triple-knockout with wild-type) revealed at least 89 genes up- and 62 genes down-regulated (P-value < or = 0.00086). Gene Ontology "classes of genes" most perturbed in the untreated triple-knockout (compared with wild-type) include lipid, steroid, and cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism; nucleosome and chromatin assembly; carboxylic and organic acid metabolism; metal-ion binding; and ion homeostasis. In the triple-knockout compared with the wild-type mice, response to zymosan-induced peritonitis was strikingly exaggerated, which may well reflect down-regulation of Socs2 expression. If a single common molecular pathway is responsible for all of these phenotypes, we suggest that functional effects of the loss of all three Cyp1 genes could be explained by perturbations in CYP1-mediated eicosanoid production, catabolism and activities.     

间质作用因子1通过正调控窖蛋白1抑制FBJ-S1-H的迁移性

目的证明间质作用因子(stromal interaction molecule1,Stim1)在FBJ诱导的小鼠骨肉瘤细胞中的抑癌作用。方法在Stim1高表达的FBJ-S1-H细胞采用Stim1以siRNA干扰技术得到Stim1沉默的几株S1-H单克隆细胞株,通过细胞行为学方法和RT-PCR技术对其mRNA进行研究,通过明胶酶谱法对细胞基质金属酶活性进行研究。结果通过细胞行为学方法证明,Stim1的沉默提高了细胞的迁移性,通过对mRNA表达的研究发现,Stim1沉默引起了多种基因表达的变化,其中包括基质金属酶9(matrix mexalloprotelnase 9,MMP-9)的升高,窖蛋白(caveolinl,Cav1),甾醇调控因子Srebf1的降低等,提高单克隆细胞中的Cav1含量可以使细胞迁移性降低。结论实验结果证明在FBJ-S1-H细胞中,Stim1能够抑制细胞的移动性,沉默Stim1的表达能够提高细胞的迁移性。