尘螨滴剂治疗变应性鼻炎的临床观察

目的 观察舌下含服尘螨滴剂对变应性鼻炎患者行免疫治疗的效果,评价舌下含服尘螨滴剂的有效性及安全性。方法 54例变应性鼻炎患者舌下含服尘螨滴剂,统计治疗前后患者症状评分的变化及不良反应的发生。结果患者治疗前后的症状评分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,无不良反应发生。结论 舌下含服尘螨滴剂对变应性鼻炎患者有明显的治疗作用,且安全方便。     

High-Frequency Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Its Underlying Genetics (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hfhl1</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hfhl2</Emphasis>) in NIH Swiss Mice

Studies using inbred strains of mice have been invaluable for identifying alleles that adversely affect hearing. However, the efficacy of those studies is limited by the phenotypes that these strains express and the alleles that they segregate. Here, by selectively breeding phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous NIH Swiss mice, we generated two lines—the all-frequency hearing loss (AFHL) line and the high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) line—with differential hearing loss. The AFHL line exhibited characteristics typical of severe, early-onset, sensorineural hearing impairment. In contrast, the HFHL line expressed a novel early-onset, mildly progressive, and frequency-specific sensorineural hearing loss. By quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analyses in these two lines, we identified QTLs on chromosomes 7, 8, and 10 that significantly affected hearing function. The loci on chromosomes 7 and 8 (Hfhl1 and Hfhl2, respectively) are novel and appear to adversely affect only high frequencies (≥30 kHz). Mice homozygous for NIH Swiss alleles at either Hfhl1 or Hfhl2 have 32-kHz auditory-evoked brain stem response thresholds that are 8–14 dB SPL higher than the corresponding heterozygotes. DNA sequence analyses suggest that both the Cdh23 ^ahl and Gipc3 ^ahl5 variants contribute to the chromosome 10 QTL detected in the AFHL line. The frequency-specific hearing loss indicates that the Hfhl1 and Hfhl2 alleles may affect tonotopic development. In addition, dissecting the underlying complex genetics of high-frequency hearing loss may prove relevant in identifying less severe and common forms of hearing impairment in the human population.     

Tympanoplasty – reporting hearing results and ‘hearing objective’

When reporting the results of tympanoplasty, the postoperative air–bone gap (ABG) presented in 10 dB bins, ABG closure and air conduction threshold gain are commonly reported indicators of tympanoplasty outcome. When tympanoplasty is performed, the reconstruction aims either to improve hearing threshold or to maintain satisfactory thresholds, that is, the surgical intention is either for ‘hearing gain’ or for ‘hearing preservation’. This review of the early results of tympanoplasty examines whether classifying surgery as either for hearing gain or for hearing preservation influences the reported results. Closure of the ABG to within 20 dB was achieved in 72–94% of cases, the average postoperative ABG was between 13.1 and 17.1 dB with the postoperative air conduction threshold being between 27.4 and 33.5 dB. These figures were similar for both hearing preservation and hearing gain procedures. However air conduction threshold gain was significantly greater for the ‘hearing gain’ group (17 dB versus 0 dB) and was reduced to 8 dB by combining the two groups. Overall, indicating whether surgery attempted hearing preservation or hearing gain did not significantly alter the parameters used for reporting tympanoplasty outcome.