心肺运动试验及其在慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊疗中的应用

心肺运动试验从整体上评估心肺功能.能发现静态肺功能不能发现的潜在的病理生理改变.心肺运动试验在慢性阻塞性肺疾病的早期诊断、运动受限评估、疾病严重程度及预后评估、干预方案制订及疗效评价等方面都具有其临床价值.     

PCI术后患者平板运动试验与心肺运动试验比较研究

目的 探讨平板运动试验与心肺运动试验的相互关系及临床应用价值。方法 选取解放军总医院心血管内科38例行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的冠心病患者，随机交替进行心肺运动试验及平板运动试验检查，比较各项试验参数情况。结果 患者行心肺运动试验检查时静息血压及运动中最大血压均高于平板运动试验（P＜0.01），平板运动试验中患者的运动耐量（MET）大于心肺运动试验（P＜0.01），且两者存在相关关系。患者在平板运动试中自我感知运动强度评分量表（Borg评分）低于心肺运动试验，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。心肺运动试验各参数中，男性与女性相比，运动时间、运动耐量、最大耗氧量表现出统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论 平板运动试验与心肺运动试验同为负荷试验，两者不可互相替代，因根据患者不同情况进行不同的选择。对于PCI术后的患者而言，心肺运动试验可以提供更多运动能力评价的客观指标。     

心肺运动试验在心血管疾病的运用现状

心肺运动试验对于心血管疾病的临床价值在欧美发达国家已得到肯定,但心肺运动试验的运用在中国起步较晚,很多研究都处于空白状态。现综述心肺运动试验在心血管相关疾病的临床研究现状。     

心肺运动试验在呼吸系统疾病中的应用

心肺运动试验作为一项新兴的，动态化测量患者心肺功能的评估工具，已在心血管疾病中广泛运用。如今心肺运动试验具有巨大的潜力，在越来越多的非心血管疾病中发挥作用，现就心肺运动试验在呼吸系统疾病中的应用做一综述。     

心肺运动试验在心脏康复中的应用及研究进展

心肺运动试验是评价人体心肺功能及运动能力的一项重要的无创检测方法,其检测结果客观、可靠、重复性强,广泛应用于临床。近年来,随着医学的发展,心肺运动试验在心脏康复中的应用逐渐成为研究热点,现综述近几年心肺运动试验在各心血管疾病康复以及心脏康复运动处方中的应用及研究进展。     

心肺运动试验无创检测心肌缺血的价值

目的:观察心肺运动试验与心电图运动试验在检测肌心缺血方面的价值。方法:对68例胸痛患者行心电图运动试验、心肺运动试验和冠状动脉造影,根据心电图运动试验组与心肺运动试验的结果分别分为阳性组与阴性组,以冠状动脉造影结果为金标准,比较心肺运动试验与心电图运动试验对心肌缺血诊断的阳性率预测值、阴性率预测值、敏感度和特异度。结果:运动试验诊断心肌缺血的敏感性为51.28%,特异性为68.97%,阳性预测值为68.97%,阴性预测值为51.28%,以O2-pulsepeak比值作为诊断心肌缺血的一种预测指标,敏感性为51.28%,特异性为75.86%,阳性预测值为74.07%,阴性预测值为53.66%。结论:在检测缺血方面,心肺运动试验在特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值方面均要优于心电图运动试验。     

心肺运动试验在心力衰竭患者中的应用及进展

心肺运动试验是目前广泛应用的一种无创检查方法,可通过对运动状态下外呼吸与内呼吸的异常,来评估肺、心血管、骨骼肌的一种无创方法,是目前评估运动耐量的"金标准",在心力衰竭领域得到了可靠的科学证据支持,现综述心肺运动试验在心力衰竭患者中的应用及进展.     

心肺运动试验在心脏康复评估中的应用

本文总结了近年来运用心肺运动试验进行心脏康复评估的国内外研究文献,从冠心病心脏康复、慢性心力衰竭心脏康复、心脏手术后的心脏康复、心脏病高危人群心脏康复四个主要方面对心肺运动试验的应用进行了分析,重点介绍了心肺运动试验的发展及其在心脏康复中的重要地位。我们认为,心脏康复为心血管系统疾病预防和治疗的重要内容和手段,心肺运动试验因其无创方便易重复、结果客观可靠、能有效测定运动强度和方式等优点,在心脏康复领域指导运动处方制定、评价临床疗效方面有决定性作用。     

心肺运动试验在肺动脉高压中的应用

心肺运动试验可在运动状态下客观、准确、定量、整体地评估肺动脉高压患者的心脏和肺循环功能状态,从而在评价肺动脉高压严重程度、治疗效果以及预后方面显示出很好的优越性。目前心肺运动试验在国内开展较少,现就心肺运动试验的主要指标在肺动脉高压中的意义做一综述。     

基于心肺运动试验的有氧训练对脑卒中患者心肺功能及运动能力的疗效观察

目的 观察基于心肺运动试验的有氧训练对脑卒中患者心肺功能及运动能力的疗效。方法 本研究选取2018年3月至2020年6月我院收治的脑卒中患者40例,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组20例。对照组在常规康复治疗基础上增加非基于心肺运动试验的有氧训练;试验组在常规康复治疗基础上增加基于心肺运动试验的有氧训练。干预前和干预后第6周、第12周,采用心肺运动试验、Fugl-Meyer评定量表下肢部分、简易体能状况量表(SPPB)、6分钟步行试验(6MWT)分别对两组患者的心肺功能、下肢随意活动能力、跌倒风险和步行能力进行评定。结果 干预后第6周和第12周试验组的峰值摄氧量、无氧阈摄氧量、峰值运动功率、运动测试时间、SPPB评分和6MWT距离均持续改善,且均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后第6周和第12周在两组内Fugl-Meyer评定量表下肢部分评分均较前改善,但两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 基于心肺运动试验的有氧训练可以有效改善脑卒中患者心肺功能和运动能力。     

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and its application

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has become an important clinical tool to evaluate exercise capacity and predict outcome in patients with heart failure and other cardiac conditions. It provides assessment of the integrative exercise responses involving the pulmonary, cardiovascular and skeletal muscle systems, which are not adequately reflected through the measurement of individual organ system function. CPET is being used increasingly in a wide spectrum of clinical applications for evaluation of undiagnosed exercise intolerance and for objective determination of functional capacity and impairment. This review focuses on the exercise physiology and physiological basis for functional exercise testing and discusses the methodology, indications, contraindications and interpretation of CPET in normal people and in patients with heart failure.     

Statement on cardiopulmonary exercise testing in chronic heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction: recommendations for performance and interpretation. Part I: definition of cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters for appropriate use in chronic heart failure.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides a global assessment of the integrated response to exercise involving the pulmonary, cardiovascular, haematopoietic, neuropsychological, and skeletal muscle systems. This information cannot be obtained through investigation of the individual organ systems in isolation. The non-invasive, dynamic physiological overview permits the evaluation of both submaximal and peak exercise responses, providing the physician with relevant information for clinical decision making. The use of CPET in management of the chronic heart failure patient is increasing with the understanding that resting pulmonary and cardiac function testing cannot reliably predict exercise performance and functional capacity and that, furthermore, overall health status and prognosis are predicted better by indices of exercise tolerance than by resting measurements. Our aim is to produce a statement which provides recommendations on the interpretation and clinical application of CPET in heart failure, based on contemporary scientific knowledge and technical advances: the focus is on clinical indications, issues of standardization, and interpretative strategies for CPET.     

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing: the exercise stress test of the future?]

Scientific evidence is mounting that cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) offers different potential clinical applications in cardiology. In comparison with traditional ECG stress testing, CPET provides more accurate diagnostic information and prognostic insights as well, in particular in patients with chronic heart failure and primary pulmonary hypertension. The barriers that actually limit the diffusion of CPET among cardiologists are primarily "cultural", because modern ergospirometric tools are easy to use, and the time required for a CPET is not dissimilar from that of a standard ECG stress test. At present, time seems to be ripe for considering CPET as the new exercise stress test in cardiology.     

Functional evaluation of patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension.

The importance of studying the pathophysiological bases and clinical correlates of exercise limitation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is well established. Two modes of exercise testing, the 6-min walk test (6MWT) and the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), are currently proposed for diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic finalities. The 6MWT is inexpensive, feasible and is thought to better reproduce daily life activities and to reliably detect therapeutic benefits. CPET requires the patient's maximal effort and does not provide a reliable quality of life measure. It is, however, highly reproducible and provides remarkable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to exercise intolerance. Due to the limited experience accumulated, CPET is not actually advised for the routine assessment and for the overall clinical decision making of PAH patients. In this review we critically address the knowledge currently acquired on these techniques.     

心肺运动试验预测肺癌侵及血管的患者术后呼吸衰竭的探讨

目的探讨心肺运动试验预测肺癌侵及血管的患者术后呼吸衰竭的探讨。方法术前采用运动负荷递增的方案对172例原发性肺癌患者行心肺运动试验,测定终止负荷运动时的功率（W％）、最大摄氧量（VO2％P）、公斤氧耗量（VO2／kg）、无氧阁（AT）、代谢当量（MET）、氧脉搏（VO2／HR）、呼吸频率（BF）、通气鼙（VE）。结果1．运动心肺功能试验各项指标在肺叶切除术后呼衰和非呼衰组间均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。全肺切除术而言,W％、VO2％P、VO2／kg、MET、VE、BF在术后呼衰组均较非呼衰组降低（P〈0．05或0．01）。2．W％、V02％P、VO2／kg、MET在行左全肺切除术术后呼衰组较非呼衰组降低（P〈0．05或0．01）。右全肺切除组仅BF在纰间差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。3．x0检验显示,六项指标不同程度异常与全肺切除术后呼衰的发牛率有关,logistic回归分析娃示MET〈4和BF〈30次／分与全肺切除术后呼衰的发生密切相关,V02／kg〈14．6ml／min／kg与左全肺切除术后呼衰的发生关系密切。4．术后全肺切除组VO2％P〈60％、BF〈30次／分、VE〈35L／min的敏感性和特异性均〉60％,阴性预测值均大于90％。左全肺切除组W％、VO2％P〈60％的敏感性和特异性均〉80％,阴性预测值100％,均高于VO2／kg。结论运动心肺功能试验对于有血管侵及的肺癌患者行全肺切除术,特别是行左全肺切除术,预测术后的呼吸衰竭、为全肺切除术的适应症评估提供依据,均具有重要意义。选择VO2％P作为预测术后呼衰、评估手术适应症的指标。因MET〈4、VO2／kg〈14．6ml／min／kg与肺切除术后呼衰关系密切,应结合临床情况适当考虑。     

心肺运动试验在心血管疾病中的诊疗和预后价值探讨

心血管疾病发病率和病死率持续增高,心肌缺血和心肌梗死是主要病因。心肺耐力反应了个体的心肺功能契合度以及对最大运动强度的耐受程度。心肺耐力为人体五大生命体征之一,可用于评价心血管疾病患病风险。心肺运动试验(CPET)作为新兴的心肺一体化客观无创检测技术,可以较早的推测出患者潜在的病理生理改变。CPET的数据解读相对复杂及未得到广泛普及,其在临床的应用潜力巨大。目前CPET应用领域包括疾病的诊断、病情及预后风险评估、运动处方制定等。用CPET对心血管疾病的早期风险予以评估和诊断,实现早干预、早治疗,符合心脏康复的主流。     

Effects of persistent Fontan fenestration patency on cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) aids in clinical assessment of patients with Fontan circulation. Effects of persistent fenestration on CPET variables have not been clearly defined. Associations between fenestration and CPET variables at anaerobic threshold (AT) and peak exercise were explored in the Pediatric Heart Network Fontan Cross‐Sectional Study cohort. Fenestration patency was associated with a greater decrease in oxygen saturation from rest to peak exercise (fenestration ?4.9 ± 3.8 v. nonfenestration ?3 ± 3.5; P < .001). Physiological dead space at peak exercise was higher in fenestrated v. nonfenestrated (25.2 ± 16.1 v. 21.4 ± 15.2; P = .03). There was a weak association between fenestration patency and maximal work and heart rate. Fenestration patency was also weakly correlated with oxygen pulse, work and VE/VCO2 at AT. The effect of persistent fenestration on CPET measurements was minimal in this study, likely due to the cross‐sectional design.     

La place de l’Exploration Fonctionnelle (cardio-)respiratoire d’eXercice (EFX) dans la prise en charge de la sclérodermie systémique

Cardiopulmonary complications are the leading cause of mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) requiring an early identification. A global and comprehensive approach is needed due to the complexity of the overlapping aetiologies of dyspnoea in SSc. Through its integrative approach of ventilatory, metabolic, cardiovascular, skeletal muscular and gas exchange findings, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has been known to identify and sort competing mechanisms of exercise limitation in scleroderma patients presenting with dyspnoea. CPET may be used to screen for pulmonary arterial hypertension, suspect interstitial lung disease and guide therapeutic strategies including exercise rehabilitation. This review focuses on the clinical value of CPET in the decision-making processes for a more personalised diagnostic approach to SSc-related complications.     

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in systolic heart failure in 2014: the evolving prognostic role

The relationship between exercise capacity, as assessed by peak oxygen consumption, and outcome is well established in heart failure (HF), but the predictive value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has been recently questioned, for two main reasons. First, the decisional power of CPET in the selection of heart transplantation candidates has diminished, since newer therapeutic options and the shortage of donor hearts have restricted this curative option to extremely advanced HF patients, frequently not able to perform a symptom‐limited CPET. Secondly, the use of CPET has become more complex and sophisticated, with many promising new prognostic indexes proposed each year. Thus, a modern interpretation of CPET calls for selective expertise that is not routinely available in all HF centres. This position paper examines the history of CPET in risk stratification in HF. Throughout five phases of achievements, the journey from a single CPET parameter (i.e. peak oxygen consumption) to a multiparametric approach embracing the full clinical picture in HF—including functional, neurohumoral, and laboratory findings—is illustrated and discussed. An innovative multifactorial model is proposed, with CPET at its core, that helps optimize our understanding and management of HF patients.     

基于心肺运动试验评价心血管疾病的临床康复优势

通过心肺运动试验（CPET）对心血管疾病（CVD）患者进行临床诊断和疗效评估已成为心脏康复（CR）领域的研究热点。本文基于CPET诊断和疗效评估优势,对核心指标如峰值耗氧量、无氧阈、心率储备、氧脉搏、代谢当量、二氧化碳通气斜率、吸氧效率斜率等的优势和特点进行总结,通过CPET相关随机对照临床试验,深入评估CPET在冠心病患者的心脏康复处方制定与调整、心脏康复疗效评价中的作用,为临床运用CPET辅助冠心病患者进行心脏康复提供依据和参考。