薄层CT增强扫描对膀胱癌术前分期的临床价值

目的通过对比膀胱癌薄层螺旋CT与病理诊断结果,评价薄层CT增强扫描对膀胱癌术前分期的临床价值。方法应用美国GE公司ProSpeedⅡ螺旋CT机,对58例膀胱癌患者进行盆腔平行扫瞄、动脉期静扫、静脉期增强薄层扫描。比较薄层螺旋CT分期与病理分期的准确度、敏感度和特异度。结果 58例患者螺旋临床CT分期:T1期9例,T2a期19例,T2b期14例,T3期8例,T4期8例,病理分期:pT1期12例,pT2a期17例,pTb期212例,T3期11例,pT4期6例。CT扫描准确度、敏感度及特异度均有明显优势。结论薄层CT增强扫描用于膀胱癌术前诊断分期,对临床制定治疗方案和预后评估有重要价值。     

16层螺旋CT胃癌术前TNM分期

目的 :评价 16层螺旋CT双期增强扫描在胃癌TNM分期中的诊断价值。方法 :2 9例胃癌患者 ,术前采用 16层螺旋CT平扫和动脉期、静脉期双期增强扫描 ,随后薄层重建 ,采用容积再现法 (VR)、多平面容积重建法 (MPVR)、表面遮盖显示 (SSD)和仿真内镜 (CTVG)技术重建 ,结合原始图像TNM分期 ,与术后病理对照 ,评价CT在胃癌TNM分期中的诊断价值。结果 :2 9例胃癌患者T分期 :T1期敏感度为 5 0 % ,特异度 5 0 % ;T2 期敏感度 87.5 % ,特异度 70 % ;T3 期敏感度 85 .7% ,特异度 80 % ;T4期敏感度 10 0 % ,特异度 83 .3 %。N分期 :N0 期敏感度为 71.4% ,特异度 71.4% ;N1期敏感度 80 % ,特异度 66.7% ;N2 ～N3 期敏感度为 83 .3 % ,特异度 66.7%。M1期敏感度和特异度均为 10 0 %。结论 :16层螺旋CT双期增强扫描结合重建技术能够较好地进行TNM分期 ,有效地指导手术方案的选择。     

MSCT双期增强扫描结合彩超对腮腺肿瘤的诊断价值

目的 研究多层螺旋CT(MSCT)双期增强扫描结合彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)对腮腺良恶性肿瘤的诊断价值.方法 分析手术病理证实的腮腺多形性腺瘤12例、腺淋巴瘤10例、缺乏恶性形态学CT表现特征的恶性肿瘤13例的术前MSCT双期增强扫描和CDFI影像资料,研究CT对腮腺肿瘤的诊断价值和限度以及CDFI诊断恶性肿瘤的阻力指数(RI)阈值,评价2种影像学手段相结合的诊断价值.结果 ①腺淋巴瘤与恶性肿瘤和良性多形性腺瘤的双期增强CT值均存在显著统计学差 异(P＜0.05),而后二者CT值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);②MSCT双期增强扫描对腺淋巴瘤的定性诊断敏感度和特异度极高(分别为90%和100%),对良性多形性腺瘤和恶性肿瘤的定性诊断敏感度、特异度较低(分别为60.00%、65.21%和46.15%、59.10%);以RI≥0.77作为CDFI诊断恶性肿瘤的阈值标准,诊断敏感度和特异度分别为92.30%、83.33%; ③采用MSCT双期增强扫描结合CDFI对恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断敏感度、特异度分别为84.62%、100%.结论 MSCT双期增强扫描结合CDFI能弥补前者的不足,明显提高缺乏恶性形态学CT表现特征的腮腺恶性肿瘤的诊断准确度.     

螺旋CT双期扫描在胰腺肿瘤中的应用价值

目的评价螺旋CT双期增强扫描在胰腺肿瘤中的应用价值。方法收集41例胰腺肿瘤(36例胰腺癌、5例胰岛素瘤)病例,均作了螺旋CT平扫、动脉期、门脉期双期增强扫描。测定各期瘤灶与正常胰腺组织CT值,并计算两者差值。结果平扫、动脉期、门脉期的肿瘤灶与正常胰腺组织的CT差值分别为(6.7±4.3)HU,(31.6±14.3)HU,(4.9±3.8)HU。两者差值在动脉期与平扫、门脉期均有极显著统计学差异(t值分别为11.4,10.5,P均<0.001),平扫与门脉期无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论螺旋CT动脉期、门脉期双期增强扫描在胰腺肿瘤诊断及鉴别诊断和小瘤灶的检出中具有重要价值。     

口服等渗甘露醇SCT小肠造影诊断小肠肿瘤的临床研究

目的 探讨口服大剂量5.07％等渗甘露醇螺旋CT小肠造影(spiral CT enterography,SCTE)在小肠肿瘤诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 研究对象包括2004年1月～2008年10月间临床怀疑有小肠肿瘤性病变而行SCTE检查者60例、正常志愿者10例,动物实验(8只大鼠).分析各种小肠肿瘤的SCTE表现,并比较了82例传统CT扫描与SCTE检查结果,分别计算出两种不同检查方法的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值.结果 70例SCTE检查者除2例回盲部充盈欠佳外,余病例十二指肠、空肠及回肠肠腔充盈良好,对肿瘤的显示、衬托满意.动物试验显示50min大鼠小肠充盈最佳.SCTE检查的敏感度97.22％(35/36)、特异度95.83％(23/24)、阳性预测值97.22％(35/36)、阴性预测值95.83％(23/24),高于传统法CT扫描之敏感度76.19 ％(32/42)、特异度75％(30/40)、阳性预测值76.19 ％(32/42)、阴性预测值75％(30/40),两种方法比较其敏感度、阳性预测值差异有统计学意义(x2=5.45,x2=5.45,P＜0.05).结论 ①口服等渗甘露醇SCTE是一种简便、安全、非侵袭性、有效评价小肠肿瘤的方法,能明显提高肿瘤的检出率;②口服等渗甘露醇SCTE双期增强扫描结合重建技术对小肠肿瘤定位、定性及肿瘤分期有较高临床价值.     

螺旋CT三期增强扫描对胃癌TNM分期的研究

目的　评价螺旋CT三期增强扫描对胃癌TNM分期的诊断价值。方法　胃癌 10 1例进行低张水充盈螺旋CT三期增强扫描。结果　 (1)螺旋CT三期增强扫描对胃癌T -分期、N -分期和TNM分期的准确性分别为 81.8%、72 .9%和 80 .2 %。 (2 )动脉期—门脉期胃壁呈多层结构有利于判断胃癌浸润胃壁的深度 (Ρ <0 .0 5 )。 (3 )平衡期肿瘤强化完全有助于判断有无邻近器官受侵。(4 )以淋巴结直径 >5mm为转移标准 ,螺旋CT诊断转移淋巴结的敏感性明显高于以 10mm为转移标准 (Ρ <0 .0 5 )。结论　螺旋CT三期增强扫描能提高胃癌TNM分期的准确性。     

结肠癌的多层螺旋CT表现与临床病理对照研究

目的：探讨结肠癌的多层螺旋CT（MSCT）表现,并与病理进行对照。方法：回顾分析56例经手术病理证实的结肠癌患者的MSCT表现,并与术后病理对照,分析MSCT术前分期的准确性。结果：①56例患者CT显示肠壁增厚,45例表现为肿块或结节;②25例分化较好的肿瘤呈轻-中度均匀强化,31例分化差的肿瘤呈不均匀强化或分层状强化;③MSCT显示结肠浆膜或/和周围脂肪间隙受侵的敏感度为95.83%,特异度为87.5%,准确度为94.64%,阳性预测值97.87%,阴性预测值77.78%;④MSCT诊断淋巴结转移的敏感度为91.67%,特异度为77.42%,准确度为82.14%,阳性预测值75.86%,阴性预测值88.89%;⑤MSCT术前T分期和N分期与术后病理分期的一致性较好（KT=0.864,P=0.000;KN=0.650,P=0.000）。结论：螺旋CT扫描可有效显示结肠癌的部位、大小和形态,确定肿瘤侵犯范围、有无淋巴结及远处转移等,可以准确进行术前分期,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

水脂分离增强序列在3.0T磁共振直肠癌术前分期中的应用

目的:将水脂分离增强扫描序列应用于直肠癌磁共振术前分期检查,探讨其在直肠癌术前分期中的应用价值。方法:选择经肠镜活检证实为直肠癌患者46例,随机盲法均分为两组,一组序列采用常规序列及T1脂肪抑制增强扫描序列;另一组序列采用常规序列及水脂分离增强扫描序列,结果与病理分期对照,比较两组序列图像信噪比及T、N分期。结果:组一T分期总敏感度为74%,特异度为78%。N分期总敏感度为74%,特异度为74%;N0分期敏感度78.6%,特异度66.7%,准确率为78%;N1分期敏感度57%,特异度81%,准确率为71%;N2分期敏感度100%,特异度100%,准确率为100%。组二T分期总敏感度为83%、特异度为83%;N分期总敏感度91%,特异度为91%;N0分期敏感度94%,特异度83%,准确率为94%;N1分期敏感度75%,特异度95%,准确率为75%;N2分期敏感度100%,特异度94.5%,准确率为100%。结论:水脂分离序列可提高图像信噪比,脂相有助于提高N分期,此序列在直肠癌术前分期中具有一定的临床应用价值。     

喉及下咽癌螺旋CT三期增强扫描的临床应用价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT三期增强扫描在喉及下咽癌术前分期及术后评价中的临床应用价值。方法:64例喉及下咽癌患者(原发肿瘤49例、术后评价15例)进行螺旋CT平扫及三期增强扫描。将结果并与纤维喉镜、手术所见对照分析。结果:螺旋CT平扫结合三期增强扫描图像对术前肿瘤分期和诊断颈部淋巴结转移的准确性分别是93.8%及95.9%;增强后肿瘤边界较增强前清晰,有助于肿瘤侵犯范围的判断,对颈部淋巴结转移的检测和判定增强扫描也明显优于平扫图像,静脉期图像对肿瘤的分期帮助最大;螺旋CT三期增强扫描有利于评价喉及下咽癌的术后状况。结论:螺旋CT平扫结合静脉期增强扫描可以更完整地提供喉及下咽癌术前分期及术后评价的全面资料。     

基于多期增强CT的直方图分析鉴别胃肠道间质瘤和神经鞘瘤

目的 探讨基于增强CT动脉期、静脉期及动静脉期联合的直方图分析在鉴别胃肠道间质瘤和神经鞘瘤的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析行腹部多期增强CT扫描且经手术病理证实的40例胃肠道间质瘤及19例胃肠道神经鞘瘤患者的临床及影像学资料。在uAI Research Portal平台上手动勾画肿瘤感兴趣区并进行直方图分析，获得肿瘤动脉期、静脉期及动静脉期联合直方图特征参数，对各参数进行比较并研究各参数的诊断效能。结果 动脉期的直方图特征参数，90%像素值、熵、四分位距、最大值、平均偏差、范围、相对偏差、偏度、均匀性差异具有统计学意义，静脉期的直方图特征参数，熵、四分位距、最大值、平均偏差、相对偏差、均匀性、方差差异具有统计学意义。分别建立动脉期、静脉期及动静脉期联合的鉴别诊断模型，得出动脉期(AUC=0.855)及动静脉期联合(AUC=0.899)诊断效能均高于静脉期模型(AUC=0.751)。结论 基于多期增强CT的直方图分析可用于术前鉴别胃肠道间质瘤和神经鞘瘤，动脉期及动静脉期联合的诊断效能更高。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.