CO2灯诱法与人帐诱捕法捕蚊效果现场调查

目的现场调查CO2灯诱法与人帐诱捕法的捕蚊效果。方法采用CO2灯诱法与人帐诱捕法。结果捕获的1548只蚊虫中，淡色库蚊、白纹伊蚊和骚扰阿蚊分别占87．86％、11．95％N0．19％；2种方法捕获的蚊虫种类相同，但CO2灯诱法捕获的蚊虫密度指数[21.8只／（灯·h）]显著低于人帐诱捕法[84．0只／（帐·h）。结论CO2灯诱法可作为蚊虫种群调查的一种手段，尤其在发生蚊媒传染病的地区，可作为首选方法。     

蚊虫及其天敌感染附红细胞体调查分析

目的调查蚊虫及其天敌附红细胞体感染情况,探讨附红细胞体的传播方式。方法在不同生境捕捉蚊虫、蜘蛛和蜻蜓,采集其血液查找附红细胞体,计算感染率,比较不同动物种类,不同生境的感染情况。结果捕捉的所有动物都有附红细胞体感染,蚊虫的感染率为88.54%。蚊虫中三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊感染率较高,达97%。畜房中的蚊虫感染率最高,达98.07%,人房中的感染率最低,为39.29%。蚊虫天敌蜘蛛和蜻蜓都有附红细胞体感染,感染率为55.38%和21.62%,蜘蛛的感染率农村比城镇高。结论在自然界中,当蚊虫叮咬被感染附红细胞体的宿主动物后,捕食蚊虫的天敌如蜘蛛、蜻蜓吞食吸血蚊虫后,可直接经口感染附红细胞体。     

山东地区常见蚊种嗜血习性的研究

目的调查和分析山东不同地区蚊类的嗜血习性,并对常见蚊种选择吸血宿主的嗜好作出判断。方法用人帐诱捕法、人体诱捕法、网捕法、人工小时法等采集不同场所的蚊虫,鉴定蚊种后,将其杀死作胃血沉淀试验,对血源相近的宿主在不易鉴别时,采用凝集抑制试验方法。结果从人房、家畜舍及野外共采集蚊虫14种,获得胃血标本13 283份。不同蚊种的偏嗜性不同,淡色库蚊的嗜血范围广泛,但以人血和鸡血为主,兼吸其他动物的血;三带喙库蚊主要嗜吸牛(羊)、马(驴、骡)、猪等家畜血,并兼吸人血;中华按蚊的主要嗜血对象是牛、羊,其次是马、驴、骡、猪,而吸人血者较少;骚扰阿蚊主要吸人血、牛血并兼吸猪、鸡及其他家畜、禽血。另对山东地区其他6种蚊虫也进行了选择吸血宿主嗜好的判断。结论蚊虫对人或不同动物的血液有不同的偏嗜性。     

济南国际机场不同采集方法捕蚊效果的比较

[目的]在济南国际机场，通过比较人帐法、挥网法、灯诱法等3种不同调查方法捕获蚊虫的种类、数量，了解同一生境中3种调查方法捕蚊效果的差异。[方法]定人、定时、定点采用人帐诱捕法、挥网法、灯诱法捕获蚊虫。[结果]3种方法共采集蚊虫5属8种，计2018只，其中人帐法捕获蚊类5属7种1107只，占蚊虫总数的54．68％；网捕法捕获蚊虫4属6种731只，占蚊虫总数的36．22％；灯诱法捕获蚊虫2属4种180只，占蚊虫总数的8．92％。[结论]3种调查方法中，运用人帐诱捕法捕获的蚊虫种类、数量均占有明显优势，网捕法次之，灯诱法的捕蚊效果最差。     

低剂量拟除虫菊酯药帐对4种蚊媒的吸血及繁殖特性的影响

将低浓度拟除虫菊酯浸泡普通棉纱蚊帐布，其中溴氰菊酯药帐剂量为２．０、１．０、０．５ｍｇ／ｍ￣２，二氯苯醚菊酯为４０、２０、１０ｍｇ／ｍ￣２，氯氰菊酯为４、２、ｌｍｇ／ｍ￣２，药帐阴干后覆盖在豚鼠腹部，分别让致倦库蚊、白纹伊蚊、中华按蚊及嗜人按蚊隔帐吸血，观察蚊虫的吸血及繁殖情况。结果４种蚊媒对３种杀虫刑的隔帐吸血率为１５％～２７％，仅为对照组的１／３～１／５。４种蚊媒的吸血量、产卵率、卵孵化率、化蛹率、羽化率等繁殖特性与对照组比较改变不显著。致倦库蚊对３种杀虫剂均敏感，半数存活天数只相当对照组的一半。结果提示３种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂在低剂量的情况下对４种蚊媒仍有显著的吸血抑制效应。     

拉萨市2009-2013年蚊虫种类构成及密度动态研究

目的掌握拉萨市蚊虫种类构成及密度动态,为该市媒介蚊虫及蚊媒传染病监测及防控提供基础数据。方法在拉萨市城区不同方位选取调查点,以诱蚊灯法、人帐诱法及人工小时法捕获蚊类,用形态学和多重PCR方法进行蚊种鉴定。结果拉萨市蚊类包括尖音库蚊复合组蚊虫亚种和骚扰阿蚊,优势蚊种为尖音库蚊复合组蚊虫亚种。2009、2012年人帐诱法总蚊密度分别为19．57和3．06只／（帐·h）,不同年份不同调查点蚊密度差异无统计学意义（F_1.1=0．934,P〉0．05）。2009、2012年人工小时法总蚊密度分别为62．10和7．90只／人工小时,不同年份不同调查点蚊密度差异无统计学意义（F_1.1=0．874,P〉0．05）。2012、2013年诱蚊灯法总蚊密度分别为1．47和0．20只／（灯·h）。不同年份不同调查点居民区蚊密度差异亦无统计学意义（F_1.3=1．503,P〉0．05）。2012年诱蚊灯法捕获的105只蚊虫中,经多重PCR鉴定,36只属尖音库蚊复合组蚊虫亚种纯合子（34．29％）,69份出现杂交（65．71％）。结论拉萨市存在较稳定尖音库蚊复合组蚊虫,蚊密度相对较低,提示该地区存在蚊虫及蚊媒传染病风险,应对该地区蚊虫及蚊媒传染病开展监测与风险评估,为蚊虫及蚊媒传染病控制提供决策依据。     

葫芦岛市首例人附红细胞体病及人群感染影响因素调查分析

目的 调查葫芦岛市首例人附红细胞体(附红体)病病例,了解病程经过;对当地居民人、畜感染状况及影响因素进行调查分析.方法 血涂片、镜检人、畜附红体感染状况,血细胞分析仪检测人贫血状况,诱蚊灯法监测室内外蚊种及密度,用病例对照方法对感染影响因素进行调查分析.结果 人附红体感染率为30.67%,人群感染率性别、年龄间差异无统计学意义(x~2=1.79,P＞0.05;x~2=1.05,P＞0.05);猪感染率为60.87%;蚊虫密度较高,优势蚊种为刺扰伊蚊和库蚊;人群中有贫血症状者主要为低年龄儿童;养猪者感染附红体的危险性是不养猪者的3.77倍,喂食猪并接生者的感染危险性是仅喂食者的3.97倍.结论 附红体病病例居住地人、畜感染率较高;发病人群以低年龄人群为主;猪是重要储存宿主,养猪为危险因素;蚊虫是重要的传播媒介.     

酶联免疫吸附试验检测蚊虫嗜血性的研究Ⅲ.中华按蚊、嗜人按蚊嗜人、牛血的鉴定

目的：对中华按蚊、嗜人按蚊嗜人、牛血的鉴定。方法：采用ELISA法。结果：检测湖北应城市人房、牛栏、猪舍、野外捕获的中华接蚊226只，嗜人血的29只．占12．8％（人血指数为0．128）；嗜牛血的84只，占37．2％；其余经沉淀反应检测113只为猪血，占54．4％。在人房、牛栏、猪舍中捕获嗜人按蚊141只，124只嗜人血，占87．9％（人血指数0．879）；嗜牛血15只，占10．6％；其余7只经沉淀反应检测为嗜猪血。结论：中华按蚊是嗜吸畜血雨兼吸人血的蚊种，而嗜人按蚊是嗜吸人血的蚊种，蚊虫嗜血习性与其栖息场所密切相关。     

城市建筑工地蚊虫孳生现状的调查研究

调查发现，福州市区大批建筑工地的地基水泥池和地下层严重积水，是目前城市蚊虫繁殖的大本营，平均幼虫密度为４０６条／勺，严重者高达２３４２条／勺，１个８ｍ２积水池每夜羽化约３０００只雌蚊，１座正在施工的建筑工地每夜至少羽化１０万只新吸血蚊。白天在工地人饵诱捕，白纹伊蚊叮咬率平均７８６只／人工小时；夜间，工地周围居民区致倦库蚊和白纹伊蚊叮咬率为１６２．５只／人工小时，是普通居民区的１６．２倍。     

不同生境蚊类生态学研究

目的 对云南省西双版纳州勐腊县最南端不同生境的蚊类群落特征进行研究，探讨开发区和未开发区蚊类群落的变化及几种主要媒介蚊虫在不同生境中的季节性分布。方法用CDC诱蚊灯在人、牛房通宵捕蚊，对所获数据进行群落学特征分析。结果捕获蚊虫2亚科7属12亚属，开发点人房捕蚊24种2286只，牛房捕蚊28种3689只；未开发点人房捕蚊30种1364只，牛房捕蚊35种4312只。开发点人房优势蚊种为微小按蚊，优势度61．69，未开发点优势蚊种为吉普按蚊，优势度31．65；牛房开发点优势蚊种为微小按蚊、中华按蚊、三带喙库蚊和伪杂鳞库蚊，优势度分别为47．07、33．61、35．03和30．71；未开发点优势蚊种为吉普按蚊、乌头按蚊、中华按蚊、微小按蚊、三带喙库蚊、伪杂鳞库蚊和棕头库蚊，优势度分别为75．48、63．23、50．86、36．96、59．65、54．57和50．71。结论两地群落蚊虫均为丰富，群落组成及结构均较复杂，两地各优势蚊种数量分布牛房基本均匀，人房不尽相同。     

辽宁省嗜人按蚊的生物学特性观察

目的观察我国辽宁省嗜人按蚊在成虫前期的发育时间和传疟能量上与江苏省嗜人按蚊的差异。方法在实验室条件下,采用相同的饲养法和体外人工感染法,分别观察辽宁嗜人按蚊和江苏嗜人按蚊的孵化率、蛹化率、羽化率和蚊胃卵囊阳性率、唾液腺子孢子阳性率等指标。结果辽宁嗜人按蚊和江苏嗜人按蚊卵孵化期平均为3．66d和3．84d。孵化率分别为76．O％和74．3％;幼虫期平均为6．67d和8．26d,蛹化率分别为94．7％和96．0％;蛹期平均为1．60d和1．72d,羽化率分别为97．2％和98．6％;蚊胃卵囊阳性率分别为25．1％和28．1％;唾液腺子胞子阳性率分别为8．4％和10．7％。结论辽宁省的嗜人按蚊在幼虫发育时间和传疟能量上与江苏省嗜人按蚊差异无统计学意义（尸值均〉0．05）。因此,在疟疾流行季节应加强对当地媒介监测,防止疟疾传播。     

云南省18个县2002年蚊媒监测分析

目的了解传疟媒介的分布及季节消长情况，科学合理地开展疟疾媒介防制工作。方法在疟疾流行高峰季节的5～10月，采用人工小时法及宿主诱捕法测定蚊虫密度。结果用人工小时法在牛栏捕获按蚊25种11414只，其中中华按蚊占63．72％，密度高峰在5～6月，密度分别为49．25、56．56只／人工小时，10月份密度下降至15．50只／人工小时；微小按蚊占4．87％，密度高峰在8～10月。人房捕获按蚊15种1061只，其中中华按蚊占66．26％，密度高峰在6月份，为6．88只／人工小时，10月份密度下降至1．18只／人工小时；微小按蚊占3．96％，密度高峰在6、9月。用宿主诱捕法捕获按蚊16种648只，其中中华按蚊301只，占46．45％，密度高峰为6月份；微小按蚊108只，占16．67％，密度高峰为8月份。结论蚊媒监测能随时掌握主要传疟媒介的分布及季节消长，为疟疾防治及制定有效的蚊媒防制方案提供科学依据。     

2种方法监测蚊虫密度消长和种群构成研究

目的掌握南昌市蚊虫密度消长和种群构成。方法人工小时法和诱蚊灯法。结果共发现4属11种蚊种，库蚊属6种，按蚊属3种，伊蚊属1种，阿蚊属1种。优势种群为致倦库蚊。人工小时法，年平均密度为38．65只／11；诱蚊灯法，年平均密度为1．29只／h。人工小时法，全年蚊密度消长具有2个高峰期，其中以6月和11月为2个最高峰。诱蚊灯法，蚊虫全年密度消长呈单峰型变化，7月达最高峰。人工小时法，在不同的环境类型中均以致倦库蚊为主，3种不同的环境类型蚊密度没有显著性差异。诱蚊灯法，不同的环境类型蚊种构成比不尽相同，居民区、公园和医院是以致倦库蚊为优势种，农户和牲畜棚则以三带喙库蚊为主。在5种不同的环境类型中，牲畜棚的蚊密度最高，明显高于其他场所。人工小时法捕捉的蚊虫种类多于诱蚊灯法。结论南昌市地理环境和气候条件适宜多种蚊虫的生长，6、7月是蚊虫生长高峰，致倦库蚊是优势种群。     

Vector competence of Peruvian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for a subtype IIIC virus in the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex isolated from mosquitoes captured in Peru

We evaluated mosquitoes collected in the Amazon Basin, near Iquitos, Peru, for their susceptibility to a subtype IIIC strain of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex. This virus had been previously isolated from a pool of mixed Culex vomerifer and Cx. gnomatos captured near Iquitos, Peru, in 1997. After feeding on hamsters with viremias of about 10(8) plaque-forming units of virus per ml, Cx. gnomatos was the most efficient vector. Other species, such as Ochlerotatus fulvus and Psorophora cingulata, although highly susceptible to infection, were not efficient laboratory vectors of this virus due to a significant salivary gland barrier. The Cx. (Culex) species, consisting mostly of Cx. (Cux.) coronator, were nearly refractory to subtype IIIC virus and exhibited both midgut infection as well as salivary gland barriers. Additional studies on biting behavior, mosquito population densities, and vertebrate reservoir hosts of subtype IIIC virus are needed to determine the role that these species play in the maintenance and spread of this virus in the Amazon Basin region.     

The maximum density of anopheline mosquitoes that can be permitted in the absence of continuing transmission of filariasis

Using two years of mosquito collections from two fixed stations on Guadalcanal it was possible to compare the average man-biting rate with the prevalence of microfilaraemia. One area was found to be free of infection while the other still had one positive case. The DDT residual spraying had caused a change in biting habits of A. farauti No. 1 allowing a greater density of mosquitoes to bite man at times when they had lower microfilaria densities. This difference was compared with the pre-spray density so that the maximum permissible number of mosquitoes biting man without transmission of filariasis taking place, could be calculated.A theoretical value for m of 19.84 had been worked out previously, this study gave a corrected observed value of m of approximately 20, very close to the calculated theoretical value. The situation studied here probably showed incomplete interruption of transmission, so it was considered preferable to recommend a figure of 0.66 average vector man-biting rate per hour indoors for the critical value.     

Ability of essential oil candles to repel biting insects in high and low biting pressure environments

The first goal of this study was to compare the degree of personal protection against biting insects provided by geraniol, linalool, and citronella candle (5%) vapors outdoors, where such products are commonly used. At a distance of 1.0 m, citronella candles reduced the number of female mosquitoes caught in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention traps by 35.4% and sand flies by 15.4%, linalool candles reduced female mosquitoes by 64.9% and sand flies by 48.5%, while geraniol candles reduced female mosquitoes by 81.5% and sand flies by 69.8%. By increasing the distance to 2 m and 3 m, the repellency dropped significantly. The second goal was to compare the degree of personal protection provided by the best performing candle, geraniol, under conditions of high and low biting pressure. The introduction of geraniol candles to protect volunteers in a high biting pressure environment reduced the mosquito pressure by an average of 56% and the sand fly pressure by 62% over a distance of 1.0 m. In the low biting pressure environment, geraniol reduced the mosquito pressure by an average of 62%. No sand flies were present at this site.     

Biting and resting behavior of Anopheles darlingi in the Suriname rainforest

An experimental hut study was conducted on the biting and house resting behavior of Anopheles darlingi in the rainforest of Suriname. Of all anophelines collected on human bait at indoor and peridomestic sites, An. darlingi comprised 100% and 98%, respectively. A single peak in biting activity occurred around 2300 h. With hourly exit trap collections, a peak of exit from the hut was observed at sunrise. Of these mosquitoes, 91% were freshly fed. The indoor resting period was calculated to be about 4 h. When the human bait in the hut was protected by a mosquito net, only 18% of the exiting mosquitoes were fed and the resting period was about 3 h.     

2006年度深圳福田保税区蚊类监测报告

目的通过调查掌握福田保税区蚊类种群构成、密度分布、季节消长等本底资料，为防控蚊类媒介传染病流行提供科学依据。方法根据国境口岸蚊类监测规程（SN／1300-2003）制定调查方案，采用人工诱蚊法。结果此次调查共捕获成蚊1462只，2属3种。其中，致倦库蚊为优势种，构成比占：48．6％；其次，白纹伊蚊构成比占：39．1％；再其次，三带喙库蚊构成比占：122％。蚊类平均密度为6．8只／人工小时。季节消长情况：常年有蚊类活动，7-9月份为高峰期，白纹伊蚊3月下旬开始活跃。结论此次调查发现：7-9月份为蚊类密度高峰期，特别是白纹伊蚊。在蚊类高峰期前应及时有效开展灭蚊工作，防控蚊类媒介传染病流行。     

The enhancement of arbovirus transmission and disease by mosquito saliva is associated with modulation of the host immune response

Arthropod-borne (arbo-) viruses have emerged as a major human health concern. Viruses transmitted by mosquitoes are the cause of the most serious and widespread arbovirus diseases worldwide and are ubiquitous in both feral and urban settings. Arboviruses, including dengue and West Nile virus, are injected into vertebrates within mosquito saliva during mosquito feeding. Mosquito saliva contains anti-haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules that facilitate the acquisition of a blood meal. Collectively, studies investigating the effects of mosquito saliva on the vertebrate immune response suggest that at high concentrations salivary proteins are immmunosuppressive, whereas lower concentrations modulate the immune response; specifically, T(H)1 and antiviral cytokines are downregulated, while T(H)2 cytokines are unaffected or amplified. As a consequence, mosquito saliva can impair the antiviral immune response, thus affecting viral infectiousness and host survival. Mounting evidence suggests that this is a mechanism whereby arbovirus pathogenicity is enhanced. In a range of disease models, including various hosts, mosquito species and arthropod-borne viruses, mosquito saliva and/or feeding is associated with a potentiation of virus infection. Compared with arbovirus infection initiated in the absence of the mosquito or its saliva, infection via mosquito saliva leads to an increase in virus transmission, host susceptibility, viraemia, disease progression and mortality.     

白纹伊蚊3日龄成蚊饱血前后唾液腺总蛋白谱

目的探讨3日龄白纹伊蚊雌蚊吸食糖水组和饱血组唾液腺总蛋白谱的差异。方法分别采用Pierce蛋白定量试剂盒和SDS-PAGE电泳分析白纹伊蚊3日龄吸食糖水组和饱血组成蚊唾液腺蛋白质浓度和蛋白谱。结果糖水组蚊虫单对唾液腺蛋白质质量约为（1．243Э0．460）μg,饱血组约为（0．945±0．460）μg;SDS—PAGE检测到糖水组唾液腺总蛋白有12条主带,糖水组与饱血组唾液腺总蛋白条带没有变化。结论白纹伊蚊雌蚊饱血后唾液腺总蛋白无特异条带诱导,但饱血后单对唾液腺总蛋白下降。