早期慢性肾病患者动态血压变化与左心室肥厚的关系

目的：分析早期慢性肾脏病（CKD1期）患者24h动态血压变化与左心室肥厚（LVH）的关系。方法：以25例正常人作为对照组（N组）,71例肾功能稳定的CKD1期患者作为疾病组（D组）。收集肾功能、血脂、24h动态血压监测（ABPM）等临床资料;采用超声心动图检测早期CKD患者LVH有关指标,分析ABPM指标与LVH的关系。结果：（1）与N组相比,D组夜间收缩压,昼、夜及24h平均舒张压均升高（P均〈0.05）;夜间收缩压下降率（nDRS）及舒张压下降率（nDRD）均明显下降（P均〈0.05）;舒张末期左室内径（LVDd）及左心室质量指数（LVMI）均升高（P均〈0.05）。（2）D组高血压及非杓型血压发生率分别达47.9%、62.0%。（3）与杓型血压组（Dip组）相比,非杓型血压组（non-Dip组）LVMI值及LVH发生率均显著增高（P均〈0.05）。（4）与非高血压组（non-LVH组）相比,高血压组（LVH组）nDRS和nDRD均明显下降,血红蛋白（Hb）显著降低（P均〈0.05）。（5）相关性分析显示LVMI值与nDRS、nDRD和Hb均呈负相关（P均〈0.01）,昼间平均收缩压（dSBP）、夜间平均收缩压（nSBP）、夜间平均舒张压（nDBP）和24h平均舒张压（mSBP）均呈正相关（P均〈0.05）。多因素逐步回归分析显示：nDRS、Hb、nDRD和血肌酐（Scr）进入回归方程：y=123.429-2.290x1-0.47x2-0.768x3＋0.178x4（y=LVMI;123.429=常数,t=8.41,P=0.000;x1=nDRS,t=-5.43,P=0.000;x2=Hb,t=-4.77,P=0.000;x3=NDRD,t=-3.47,P=0.001;x4=Scr,t=2.08,P=0.041）。结论：早期CKD患者即已出现血压升高及血压节律改变;LVH发生与早期CKD患者夜间高血压及非杓型血压关系更为密切;贫血和肾功能减退本身也与早期CKD患者LVH发生有关。     

慢性肾脏病患者24小时动态血压的特点分析

目的采用24h动态血压监测的方法,分析慢性肾脏病（CKD）不同分期患者24h动态血压特点。方法将152例CKD患者分为5组：CKD1期组（A组）15例;CKD2期组（B组）29例;CKD3期组（C组）42例;CKD4期（D组）组34例;CKD5期组（E组）32例。所有患者均无糖尿病、非肾脏替代治疗。采用携带式的动态血压检测仪测定各组患者动态血压参数和昼夜节律。结果①随着肾功能下降,24h、日间和夜间平均收缩压越来越高;②CKD患者总体非杓型血压比例为81．6o,4,肾功能下降组（CKD2～5期）非杓型血压比例显著高于肾功能正常组（CKD1期）;③夜间收缩压与24h尿蛋白定量呈正相关（r=0．427,P〈0．01）,与。肾小球滤过率（GFR）呈负相关（r=-0．352,P〈0．05）。结论CKD患者的血压非杓型节律现象比较普遍,并随着肾功能下降,其发生率逐渐升高;夜间收缩压与尿蛋白排泄、肾功能有相关性。     

IgA肾病患者血压节律及其与临床病理指标的关系

目的 探讨IgA肾病患者血压昼夜节律与临床病理指标的关系.方法 采用横断面调查研究.选择2009年3月至8月在IgA肾病数据库登记的原发性IgA肾病患者,收集临床病理资料,并通过动态血压监测IgA肾病患者血压昼夜节律情况.用(日间血压平均值-夜间血压平均值)/日间血压平均值判断血压昼夜节律状况.比较血压节律正常组及异常组的临床病理指标.结果 共93例患者完成动态血压监测并纳入分析.其中68例(73％)血压节律消失,在慢性肾脏病(CKD)1期、2期及3期以上组血压节律消失的比例分别70％、70％及81％,3组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.587).非勺型血压在血压正常组与高血压组比例分别为69％和77％(P=0.373).血压节律消失与年龄、性别、血压、蛋白尿、肾功能以及肾脏病理损伤程度无相关.在随访时间超过12个月的54例中,非勺型血压组eGFR下降速率虽快于勺型血压组,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.329)；在其中29例并发高血压患者中,非勺型血压组eGFR下降速率快于勺型血压组,且差异有统计学意义[(-6.79±11.58)比(-0.34±1.74)ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1·年-1,P=0.019].结论 IgA肾病早期即可出现明显的血压节律消失.IgA肾病伴高血压患者的血压节律消失可能是影响肾功能进展的危险因素.     

慢性肾脏病1～2期血压昼夜节律变化的中医病因病机探讨

目的:观察慢性肾脏病(CKD)1~2期非高血压患者24 h血压变异情况,应用中医辨证方法分析CKD1~2期血压昼夜节律异常的中医病因病机。方法:收集47例CKD1~2期非高血压患者及30例健康人的24 h动态血压数据,比较两组血压昼夜异常节律的发生情况。对CKD组进行中医证候评分,根据中医基础理论,分析不同中医证素与非杓型血压的对应关系。结果:CKD组非杓型血压的发生率较正常对照组高(P0.05)。CKD组昼夜平均舒张压差、昼夜平均舒张压变化率低于正常对照组(P0.05)。CKD1~2期患者的主要病位为在肾、在脾,气虚、阴虚为其主要病因病机。在CKD组中反杓型血压患者脏腑辨证病位在肾及阳虚的发生率较非反杓型患者高(P0.05)。结论:CKD1~2期患者的主要病因病机为脾肾气阴两虚;肾阳亏虚,阴阳失调可能是CKD1~2期非高血压患者血压昼夜节律改变的中医病因病机。     

原发性慢性肾脏病患者动态血压特点及其与左心室肥厚的关系

目的：研究原发性慢性肾脏病（ CKD）肾脏替代治疗前患者动态血压特征,分析相关参数尤其是血压变异性与左心室肥厚（ LVH）的关系。方法：收集我科住院的非透析原发性CKD患者127例,按其内生肌酐清除率（ Ccr）水平分为早期组[CKD1～3期（n＝95,Ccr≥30 ml·min-1＆·1．73 m^-2）]和晚期组[CKD4～5期（n＝32,Ccr﹤30 ml·min^-1·1．73 m^-2）]。无创性便携式动态血压监测仪行动态血压监测（ ABPM）,超声心动图检测LVH有关指标,分析动态血压相关指标,尤其是血压变异性（ BPV）与LVH的关系。结果：（1）与早期组相比,晚期组24 h、昼间、夜间舒张压变异性（ mDBPV,dDBPV,nDBPV）和24 h收缩压变异性（mSBPV）均减小（P﹤0．05）;高血压和反杓型血压发生率均升高（P均﹤0．05）;舒张末期左室内径（LVDd）、室间隔厚度（IVST）、左室后壁厚度（PWT）、左心室质量指数（LVMI）均升高（P均﹤0．05）,LVH发生率升高（P﹤0．05）。（2）与非左心室肥厚组（ non-LVH组）相比：左心室肥厚组（ LVH 组）高血压和反杓型血压发生率升高（ P 均﹤0．05）;但BPV各指标变化不显著（ P均﹥0．05）。（3）与非高血压组（ non-H组）相比：高血压组（ H-组）LVMI值和LVH发生率均显著升高（P均﹤0．05）。（4）与非反杓型血压组相比,反杓型血压组 LVMI 值及 LVH发生率均显著升高（P均﹤0．05）。（5）单因素相关性分析显示,LVMI与年龄、mSBP、mDBP、dSBP、dDBP、nSBP和nDBP均呈正相关（ P均﹤0．05）,与Ccr、mDBPV、nDPS和nDPD 均呈负相关（ P均﹤0．05）;多因素逐步回归分析显示,Ccr和nSBP进入回归方程y＝51.772-0.289x1＋0.526x2（y＝LVMI;51．772＝常数,t＝3.616,P＝0.000;x1＝Ccr,t＝-5.984,P＝0.000;x2＝nSBP,t＝5.181,P＝0．000）。结论：随着肾功能减退,CKD患者高血压发生率升高;血压昼夜节     

慢性肾脏病患者血压变异性与肾功能损伤关系的研究

目的研究不同肾功能水平的慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患者24 h动态血压特点,探讨血压变异性与肾功能损伤之间的关系。方法选择上海交通大学附属瑞金医院肾脏科的CKD住院患者509例,收集并记录患者的基本信息、实验室检查数据,采用携带式动态血压检测仪监测患者24 h动态血压参数,采用GEVivid7彩色超声心动图检查仪记录患者左心室质量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI)参数。采用SPSS 15.0统计软件进行数据统计分析。结果本研究共纳入CKD患者509例,其中CKD 1期102例(占20.0%),CKD2期107例(占21.0%),CKD3期114例(占22.4%),CKD4期97例(占19.1%),CKD 5期89例(占17.5%)。随着CKD患者肾功能水平的下降,患者的24 h平均收缩压逐渐升高(P0.05),而24 h平均舒张压的改变无统计学差异(P0.05)。CKD 4期和5期患者的白昼平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压明显高于CKD 1~3期患者(P0.05),而白昼平均舒张压的差异则无统计学意义。CKD 4期和5期患者的24 h收缩压标准差(24 h systolic standard deviation,24hSSD)、白天收缩压标准差(day systolic standard deviation,dSSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(night systolic standard deviation,nSSD)明显高于CKD 1~3期患者(P0.05),而24 h舒张压标准差(24 h diastolic standard deviation,24hDSD)、白天舒张压标准差(day diastolic standard deviation,dDSD)、夜间舒张压标准差(night diastolic standard deviation,nDSD)则无统计学差异(P0.05)。CKD患者非杓型血压的比例随肾功能下降逐渐升高,CKD 1期患者的非杓型血压比例为54.1%,而CKD 5期患者的非杓型血压比例甚至高达85.6%。LVMI异常的CKD患者的24hSSD及dSSD高于LVMI正常的CKD患者(P0.05),而nDSD,nSSD,dDSD,24hDSD的差异无统计学意义。结论随着CKD患者肾功能下降及平均血压水平升高,血压变异性增加,血压昼夜节律减退,非杓型血压比例增加。控制血压水平及调整血压昼夜节律对CKD患者的治疗具有重要意义。     

纤维蛋白原-白蛋白比值与慢性肾脏病3～5期患者左心室肥厚的相关性研究

目的 探讨慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）3～5期患者的纤维蛋白原-白蛋白比值（fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio, FAR）水平与左心室肥厚（left ventricular hypertrophy,LVH）的关系以及LVH的相关因素分析。方法 横断面调查2018年7月至2020年3月在安徽医科大学第二附属医院就诊的CKD 3～5期患者181例,收集一般资料及生化指标;计算冠状动脉Agatston评分、左心室质量指数（left ventricular mass index,LVMI）,将患者分为LVH组与非LVH组,进行组间比较,评估CKD患者LVH的危险因素。结果 （1） LVH组FAR水平较非LVH组水平更高[97.65 (73.31, 143.29)比84.40(67.52, 107.06), P=0.003];(2)LVMI与FAR水平呈正相关（r=0.194,P=0.010）;(3)高FAR水平（OR=1.012,95%CI:1.003～1.020,P=0.006）、高血压病史（OR=5.348,95%CI:1.634～...     

慢性肾脏病患者病理类型与血压水平及昼夜节律变化的关系

目的分析慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者不同病理类型与血压水平和昼夜节律异常的相关性,及后者与肾小动脉病变程度的关系。方法收集济南军区总医院、解放军117医院、北京大学第三医院2008年至2013年行肾活检且行24 h动态血压监测的CKD患者1 746例,根据2013年欧洲高血压实践指南对患者血压进行分析判断。24 h平均血压≥130/80 mmHg为高血压;夜间血压下降幅度=[(白天血压-夜间血压)/白天血压]×100%;夜间血压下降20%为深勺型节律,10%~20%为勺型节律,10%为非勺型节律,0%为反勺型节律;将深勺型和勺型定义为正常血压节律,非勺型和反勺型定义为异常血压节律。病理诊断与分型参照1995年WHO肾小球疾病组织学分型修订方案和国内2001年肾活检病理诊断标准指导意见。肾脏小动脉损伤评分参照IgA肾病牛津分型的评分标准进行评分。结果 (1)1 746例患者年龄(47.4±24.9)岁,男性929例(占53.2%);24 h平均血压≥130/80 mmHg 560例(32.1%)、白天平均血压≥135/85 mmHg 474例(27.1%)、夜间平均血压≥120/70 mmHg 762例(43.6%);深勺型血压38例(2.2%)、勺型血压647例(37.1%)、非勺型血压908例(52.0%)、反勺型血压155例(8.9%)。(2)不同病理类型CKD患者高血压发生率为,糖尿病肾病75.5%(74例)、局灶节段肾小球硬化症41.8%(62例)、IgA肾病39.2%(246例)、狼疮性肾炎25.2%(41例)、膜性肾病22.3%(37例)、肾小球轻微病变与系膜增生性肾小球肾炎18.4%(100例),各组之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=163.309,P0.001)。不同病理类型CKD患者血压昼夜节律异常发生率为,糖尿病肾病81.6%(80例)、局灶节段肾小球硬化症64.2%(95例)、IgA肾病66.7%(419例)、狼疮肾炎58.9%(96例)、膜性肾病51.8%(86例)、肾小球轻微病变与系膜增生性肾小球肾炎52.9%(287例),各组之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=48.087,P0.001)。(3)根据IgA肾病牛津评分对肾组织小动脉进行评分,0~1分(未见小动脉明显病变)789例,其中高血压发生率10.6%(84例)、血压节律异常发生率57.9%(457例);2~4分(肾小动脉轻度病变)632例,其中高血压发生率35.4%(224例)、血压节律异常发生率56.0%(354例);5~7分(肾小动脉重度病变)326例,其中高血压发生率77.3%(252例)、血压节律异常发生率74.2%(242例),分别比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=475.8,χ2=219.647;P0.001)。秩相关性分析显示,血压水平越高以及夜间血压水平下降越少,肾脏小动脉损伤越重。结论 CKD患者高血压和血压节律异常发生率高,尤其是糖尿病肾病和IgA肾病患者;CKD患者肾脏小动脉病变程度与高血压及血压节律异常相关。     

慢性肾脏病患者血压昼夜节律异常的研究

目的 观察慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者24 h血压动态变化，探讨昼夜节律异常与肾功能损害的关系。方法 随机选择本院肾脏科CKD患者236例，高血压科原发性高血压住院患者43例。病例分组:正常对照组(NC)14例；原发性高血压组(EHC)43例；CKD血压正常组(NCKD)130例；CKD伴血压升高组(HCKD)106例。动态血压监测(ABPM)采用携带式的动态血压检测仪，ABP Report Mangement System Version 1.03.03进行数据分析。夜间血压下降率:(白昼平均值-夜间平均值)/白昼平均值，下降率≥10%，称勺型血压；<10%，称非勺型血压。结果 在血压正常的患者中，NCKD组的平均夜间收缩压和舒张压数值均高于NC组[(111.2±10.8)比 (91.6±7.5)，(68.7±9.5) 比 (56.2±4.6)mm Hg，P < 0.05]；而日间收缩压和舒张压无明显差异。在高血压患者中，HCKD组患者夜间收缩压和舒张压数值均高于EHC组[(141.9±16.5) 比(118.6±16.4)， (84.5±10.6)比(73.0±11.1)mm Hg， P < 0.05]。CKD患者无论血压正常或升高，其心率均较其对照组明显加快，尤其是夜间心率无明显下降。NCKD组、HCKD组与NC组、EHC组相比，夜间收缩压和舒张压下降数值较小，尤其是CKD伴血压升高组，呈典型的非勺型血压模式。NC组血压节律消失者占7.14%，EHC组为37.2%，NCKD组为70.0%，HCKD组为81.6%。结论 CKD患者无论血压正常或升高，夜间收缩压和舒张压下降减少或消失，呈典型的非勺型血压；血压昼夜节律异常率明显高于原发性高血压患者。在积极降低血压值的同时，还需降低血压负荷和调整血压昼夜节律，以延缓肾功能恶化。     

非杓型血压在慢性肾脏病患者中的研究进展

慢性肾脏病患者的血压具有均值高、昼夜节律消失和晨峰现象明显的特点,其昼夜血压节律呈典型的非杓易型血压模式.这种改变随着肾功能的减退,发生率逐步上升.血压昼夜节律的异常同CKD患者心血管事件的风险有密切关系,夜间血压下降幅度减少者发生心脑血管事件可能性增大.改变CKD患者的异常血压昼夜节律可明显降低其发生心血管事件的风险...     

慢性肾脏病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与左心室肥大的关系

目的探讨早期慢性肾脏病（CKD）血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平及其与左心室肥大（LVH）的关系。方法64例早期CKD患者分为3组,即A组[eGFR≥90ml·min^-1·（1．73m^2）^-1]31例;B组[eGFR60～89ml·min^-1·（1．73m^2）^-1]22例;C组[eGFR30～60ml·min^-1（1．73m^2）^-1]11例。另设同期健康体检者25例为对照组（N组）。采用荧光偏振免疫分析法测定血浆Hcy浓度,心脏超声检测左室舒张末期内径（LVDd）、室间隔厚度（IVST）和左室后壁厚度（LVPWT）、左心室心肌质量指数（LVMI）。结果①A组血浆Hcy与N组比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;B组和C组血浆Hcy显著高于A组和N组（P〈0．01）;C组血浆Hcy显著高于B组（P〈0．01）。CKD组高Hcy（〉12μmol／L）比例为39．06％,是N组的3．26倍。②A组、B组和C组各期左室质量指数（LV—MI）、左室舒张末期内径（LVDd）、室间隔厚度（IVST）、左室后壁厚度（LVPWT）均较N组显著增加。③血浆Hcy与LVPWT显著正相关（r=0．400,P=0．000）,与LVMI、LVDd、IVST无相关性。结论早期CKD即出现高Hcy血症,随肾功能进展而加重;血浆Hcy与早期CKD的左心室肥厚有关。     

Time-dependent changes in cardiac growth after kidney transplantation: the impact of pre-dialysis ventricular mass.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD), including kidney transplant recipients. However, time-related left ventricular mass changes (DeltaLVM) from pre-dialysis stage to beyond the first post-transplant year have not been clearly identified. METHODS: We studied a cohort of 60 stages 4-5 CKD patients without overt cardiac disease, who underwent three echocardiograms during follow-up: at pre-dialysis stage, on dialysis and after kidney transplantation (KT). Multiple linear regression was used to model DeltaLVM from baseline study. Cox proportional analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with either de novo LVH or>20% DeltaLVMI over time. RESULTS: Patients with baseline LVH (n=37; 61%) had a higher body mass index (BMI) than those without LVH (n=23; 39%) (P=0.013). BMI, haemoglobin levels (P=0.047) and non-use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) (P=0.057) were associated with baseline left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Twelve out of 23 patients (52%) with normal LVM at baseline, developed either de novo LVH or>20% DeltaLVMI at follow-up. On the other hand, 29 (78%) of those with initial LVH maintained this abnormality, and 8 (22%) normalized LVM post-transplantation. Factors associated with DeltaLVMI were age (P=0.01), pre-dialysis LVMI (P<0.0001), serum creatinine (P=0.012) and the use of ACEI post-transplantation (P=0.009). In Cox analysis, pre-dialysis LVMI was associated with de novo LVH or>20% DeltaLVMI over time (hazard ratio 1.009; 95% confidence interval 1.004 to 1.015; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Successful KT may not completely normalize LVM post-transplantation. Pre-dialysis LVMI, traditional risk factors and no use of ACEI may perpetuate cardiac growth following KT.     

Allopurinol benefits left ventricular mass and endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease

Allopurinol ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness among patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD), but it is unknown if it has similar effects among patients with CKD. Furthermore, because arterial stiffness increases left ventricular afterload, any allopurinol-induced improvement in arterial compliance might also regress left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in patients with stage 3 CKD and LVH. We randomly assigned 67 subjects to allopurinol at 300 mg/d or placebo for 9 months; 53 patients completed the study. We measured left ventricular mass index (LVMI) with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), assessed endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and evaluated central arterial stiffness by pulse-wave analysis. Allopurinol significantly reduced LVH (P=0.036), improved endothelial function (P=0.009), and improved the central augmentation index (P=0.015). This study demonstrates that allopurinol can regress left ventricular mass and improve endothelial function among patients with CKD. Because LVH and endothelial dysfunction associate with prognosis, these results call for further trials to examine whether allopurinol reduces cardiovascular events in patients with CKD and LVH.     

Risk factors associated with increased left ventricular mass index in chronic kidney disease patients evaluated using echocardiography

Background: It is still not clear which factors are associated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, based on the patient's physical and biochemical parameters at the time of echocardiography. The objective of the present study was to identify factors associated with LVMI in CKD patients (predialysis patients), using echocardiography. Methods: Physical, biochemical and LVMI data evaluated by echocardiography were retrospectively analyzed in 930 CKD patients in Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Results: Levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and hemoglobin (Hb) were independent risk factors for increased LVMI in multivariate regression analysis. SBP was significantly correlated with LVMI (r=0.314, p<0.0001). The level of Hb was inversely correlated with LVMI (r=-0.372, p<0.0001). LVMI increased with decreasing renal function. SBP was significantly higher in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in CKD stages 2 and 5, and Hb was significantly lower in patients with LVH in stages 4 and 5 than in the group without LVH. Conclusions: It is important to treat hypertension and anemia to prevent LVH in CKD patients. These findings have some therapeutic implications for treatment strategies for predialysis patients.     

Arterial stiffness correlated with cardiac remodelling in patients with chronic kidney disease

BACKGROUND: It is well known that both pressure and volume overloads contribute to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and left ventricular dilatation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Few studies have evaluated the association between increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) and LVH in CKD patients not yet receiving dialysis. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between arterial stiffness and cardiac remodelling in patients with CKD, and to determine the independent factors associated with increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left ventricular volume index (LVVI). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 96 patients with CKD. Echocardiography and measurement of arterial stiffness by PWV were performed. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters were compared and analysed. RESULTS: Associated with the increase of PWV, there were significant trends for progressive increase in LVMI, LVH, LVVI, left ventricular dilatation and left atrium in CKD patients. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that decreased PWV, in addition to increased haemoglobin and the use of beta-blocker, was an independent determinant associated with decrease in LVMI and LVVI. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated the progressive structural remodelling of left ventricle and left atrium in CKD patients associated with increased severity of arterial stiffness. PWV was an important determinant of LVMI and LVVI in CKD patients.     

糖尿病肾病患者24h动态血压临床特点分析

目的:分析比较由糖尿病(DN)肾病和非糖尿病导致的慢性肾脏病患者的动态血压变化情况,探讨糖尿病肾病患者动态血压变化的特点。方法:选择62例符合慢性肾脏病诊断标准的DN患者,均无肾脏替代治疗。观察其24 h动态血压监测结果,并与152例年龄、性别、肾功能等匹配的非糖尿病的CKD患者的动态血压结果相比较。结果:在对62例DN患者和152例非糖尿病CKD患者动态血压的分析中,我们发现:(1)DN组的24 h平均收缩压、日间平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压均显著高于非DN组。(2)两组患者血压变异性差异无统计学意义;夜间血压下降率普遍较小,但差异无统计学意义。(3)DN组收缩压负荷均显著高于非DN组。(4)DN组非杓型节律的发生率为90.3%,非DN组为81.6%,两组血压节律类型差异无统计学意义。(5)非DN组和DN组24 h尿蛋白量与夜间收缩压均具有显著正相关。结论:中晚期DN患者收缩压控制较非糖尿病的CKD患者更差,血压非杓型节律现象比较普遍。夜间收缩压与24 h尿蛋白排泄量密切相关。     

Cardiac output and associated left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric chronic kidney disease

A significant number of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), suggesting the role of preload overload. Therefore, we hypothesized that increased cardiac output (CO) might be a contributing factor for increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in these children. Patients aged 6–20 years with CKD stages 2–4 were enrolled. Echocardiograms were performed to assess LV function and geometry at rest and during exercise. Heart rate, stroke volume, and CO were also assessed at rest and during exercise. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP) monitoring was performed. Of the patients enrolled in this study, 17% had LVH. Increased stroke volume and CO were observed in patients with LVH compared to patients without LVH. Univariate analysis revealed significant positive associations between LVMI and CO, stroke volume, body mass index, pulse pressure from mean 24-h AMBP, and mean 24-h systolic BP load. No association with heart rate, age, parathyroid hormone, glomerular filtration rate, or anemia was observed. Only CO (β = 1.98, p = 0.0005) was independently associated with increased LVMI in multivariate modeling (model R ² = 0.25). The results of this study suggest that increased CO might predispose to increased LVMI in pediatric patients with CKD. Adaptations may be required to meet increased metabolic demand in these patients.     

Nighttime blood pressure control in hypertensive chinese chronic kidney disease patients

Objective To evaluate the nighttime blood pressure(BP) control status of hypertensive Chinese chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and related risk factors. Methods This cross - sectional study enrolled 337 hypertensive CKD in - patients. The clinical and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) data were retrieved from the electronic database of the hospital. High ambulatory BP were defined as >130/80 mmHg (average 24 - hour BP) and >135/85 mmHg (daytime) />120/70 mmHg (nighttime), respectively. Multivariable analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for lack of nighttime BP control and circadian rhythm. Results There were 38.6% of the whole population had average 24-hour BP controlled. But only 22.8% of them achieved nighttime BP control, which was far less than the 50.7% of daytime BP control (P＜0.01). Even among those patients who achieved average 24 - hour BP control shown by ABPM, there were still 44.6% of them with uncontrolled nighttime BP. Multiple analyses showed urinary protein excretion (OR: 1.151, 95%CI: 1.035-1.279) was independent risk factor for lack of nighttime BP control. About 80% of patients presented with non- dipping BP pattern, among whom 37.3% were presented with reverse-dipper pattern. Lack of nighttime BP control was independent risk factor for lack of normal circadian rhythm (both P＜0.001). Conclusions Lack of nighttime BP control was common in hypertensive CKD patients and contributed to the abnormal circadian rhythm. ABPM should be performed more commonly in clinical practice to help nighttime BP control in the future.