Airtraq喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜在经口气管插管时血流动力学的比较

目的比较Airtraq视频喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜经口气管插管时心血管反应。方法40例拟择期经口气管插管全麻下手术的患者,按照随机数字表随机分为两组,Airtraq组（A组）和Macintosh喉镜组（M组）,每组20例。观察麻醉诱导前、诱导后、插管即刻、插管后1、3min时的心率（HR）、血压和心率收缩压乘积（ratepressureproduct,RPP）。结果两组声门暴露时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,导管置入时间A组（6±4）S短于M组（10±4）S（P〈0．01）。两组诱导后的HR、血压和RPP值都较诱导前的基础值明显下降（P〈0．05）,插管即刻、插管后1min的心血管指标较诱导后明显增高（P〈0．05）。A组插管后3min心血管指标与诱导后比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而M组3min时心血管指标[收缩压（SBP）（106±17）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）,舒张压（DBP）（65±10）mmHg,平均动脉压（MAP）（78±19）mmHg,HR（92±12）次／分,RPP（9748±2072）]与诱导后[SBP（93±15）mmHg,DBP（54±9）mmHg,MAP（67±10）mmHg,HR（85±12）次／分,RPP（8117±1886）]比较差异仍有统计学意义（R0．05）。A组、M组插管后5min心血管指标与诱导后比较差异均无统计学意义。结论与Macintosh直接喉镜相比,应用Airtraq视频喉镜行经口气管插管可减少插管置入时间,且血流动力学反应较轻。     

视可尼喉镜经口不同径路气管插管对血流动力学影响的临床研究

目的 研究视可尼（Shikani Optical Stylet,SOS）左侧磨牙入路、正中入路和右侧磨牙入路经口气管插管对血流动力学的影响.方法 选择92例美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、年龄20岁～65岁,拟在经口气管插管全身麻醉下实施择期手术的患者,采用随机数字表法分为3组：左侧磨牙入路组（SL组,30例）、正中入路组（SM组,32例）和右侧磨牙入路组（SR组,30例）.麻醉诱导后分别采用不同径路实施SOS经口气管插管操作,观察3组患者麻醉诱导前后、气管插管时和气管插管后5 min内的血压（blood pressure,BP）、心率（heart rate,HR）和二重指数（rate pressure product,RPP）的变化,并记录气管插管时间.结果 右侧磨牙入路经口气管插管的操作时间[（31±10）s]较左侧磨牙入路[（22±11）s]明显延长（P＜0.05）.麻醉诱导后,3组患者的BP[SL组：（94±15） mmHg/（59±10） mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）;SM组：（95±17） mmHg/（56±9） mmHg;SR组：（102±14） mmHg/（58±9） mmHg]和RPP[SL组：7 125±1 826;SM组：7 127±1 826;SR组：7 326±1 621]均较麻醉诱导前[SL组：（132±11） mmHg/（72±9） mmHg;SM组：（135±11） mmHg/（72±6） mmHg;SR组：（136±14） mmHg/（71±1） mmHg;RPP：SL组：10 718±3 256;SM组：10 717±2 256;SR组：10 728±1 738]明显降低（P＜0.05）.与麻醉诱导后[SL组：（194±15）mmHg/（159±10）mmHg,HR：（77±16）次/min;SM组：（95±17） mmHg/（56±9）mmHg,HR：（77±16）次/min;SR组：（102±14）mmHg/（58±9） mmHg,HR：（74±13）次/min; RPP：SL组：7 125±1 826;SM组：7 127±1 826;SR组：7 326±1 621]比较,气管插管后3组患者的BP[SL组：（110±19） mmHg/（68±16） mmHg;SM组：（107±18） mmHg/（69±13） mmHg;SR组：（125±16） mmHg/（75±10） mmHg]、HR[SL组：（93±13）次/min;SM组：（93±17）次/min;SR组：（87±13）次/min]和RPP（SL组：9 234±2 787;SM组：9 234±2 689;SR组：9772±1 885）明显升高（     

预计困难插管患者使用Airtraq喉镜、Shikani喉镜和Macintosh喉镜行气管插管的比较

目的 探讨Airtraq喉镜、Shikani喉镜和Macintosh喉镜在预计困难插管患者中行气管插管的应用价值.方法 行全麻插管手术预计困难插管患者75例,随机分为Airtraq喉镜组(A组)、Shikani喉镜组(S组)和Macintosh喉镜组(M组),三次内插管成功者入选本研究,每组25例.记录插管时间,麻醉诱导前(T1)、诱导后(T2)、插管结束即刻(T3)和插管后3 min(T4)时的MAP和HR.同时观察各组患者的声门暴露程度以及有无咽喉损伤.结果 A组插管时间最短,其次为S组,M组最慢,A组明显短于S组和M组(P＜0.05).A组插管成功率高于S组和M组(P＜0.05).与T2时比较,T3、T4时M组MAP明显升高、HR明显增快(P＜0.05).T3、T4时M组MAP高于A组,HR快于A组(P＜0.05).A组声门完全显露率最高,其次为S组,M组最低,A组明显优于S组和M组(P＜0.05).A组咽喉损伤发生率低于M组(P＜0.05).结论 在预计困难插管条件下,与Shikani喉镜和Macintosh喉镜比较,使用Airtraq喉镜可以缩短插管时间,提高插管成功率,减少气管插管时心血管应激反应,维持血流动力学稳定,降低咽喉损伤的发生率.     

Airtraq(R)喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜在经口气管插管时血流动力学的比较

目的比较Airtraq(R)视频喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜经口气管插管时心血管反应。方法40例拟择期经口气管插管全麻下手术的患者,按照随机数字表随机分为两组,Airtraq(R)组（A组）和Macintosh喉镜组（M组）,每组20例。观察麻醉诱导前、诱导后、插管即刻、插管后1、3 min时的心率(HR)、血压和...     

视频喉镜和头部可控气管导管经口气管插管对血流动力学的影响

目的 比较在视频喉镜下使用头部可控气管导管与普通气管导管经口气管插管对血流动力学的影响.方法 择期外科手术患者160例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组:普通气管导管组(OT组)和视频喉镜下头部可控气管导管组(CT组),每组各80例.常规麻醉诱导后,在视频喉镜下,分别采用普通气管导管或头部可控气管导管实施经口气管插管,记录麻醉诱导前基础值(T1),气管插管前即刻(T2),气管插管后即刻(T3),以及插管后2 min(T4)和5 min(T5)的血压和心率,并记录气管插管时间.结果 与气管插管前即刻相比,气管插管后即刻和插管后2 min,OT组心率增快(P＜0.05);与OT组相比,CT组插管时间明显缩短(P＜0.05);气管插管后即刻和插管后2 min,CT组心率减慢(P＜0.05).结论 与普通气管导管相比,在视频喉镜下,使用头部可控气管导管经口气管插管对血流动力学的影响小.     

喉镜及气管导管弯曲度对模拟颈椎制动患者气管插管的影响

目的 比较视频喉镜(GlideScope)和传统喉镜(Macintosh)及气管导管前端角度对模拟颈椎制动患者气管插管成功率和血流动力学的影响.方法 选择ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级无颈椎活动异常或困难气道拟择期手术的成人患者80例,无长期服用影响BP、HR药物史.麻醉诱导前配戴颈托模拟颈椎制动.麻醉诱导后,随机均分为四组:G1组(弯曲60°)、G2组(弯曲90°)、M1组(弯曲60°)及M2组(弯曲90°),行气管插管.观察喉镜暴露(C/L)分级、插管难易程度[采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)]、插管时间、插管次数,记录基础值、麻醉诱导中、气管插管即刻、插管后1、3、5 min时BP、HR变化.结果 G1、G2组C/L分级优于M1、M2组(P<0.05),G1、G2组VAS低于M1、M2组,G2组插管时间短于其他三组(P<0.05).四组各时点SBP、DBP、HR差异无统计学意义.结论 使用GlideScope并将气管导管弯曲成90°有助于模拟颈椎制动患者的声门暴露,提高插管成功率.     

GlideScope视频喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜经鼻气管插管对血液动力学的影响

本研究皆在比较GlideScope视频喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜经鼻气管插管时全麻患者的血液动力学变化,从血液动力学角度来观察GlideScope视频喉镜在经鼻气管插管中是否优于常用的Macintosh直接喉镜,为临床安全应用这一新型气管插管系统提供资料。     

Shikani可视喉镜与Mc Coy喉镜对气管插管应激反应影响的比较

目的探讨全身麻醉诱导后采用Shikani可视喉镜(SOS)和Mc Coy喉镜(MCL)进行气管插管时的应激反应。方法选择择期手术的患者191例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为SOS组(S组,n=99)和MCL组(M组,n=92),每组中按声门暴露程度各分为三个亚组:S1组(n=34)、S2组(n=33)、S3组(n=32)和M1组(n=30)、M2组(n=30)、M3组(n=32)。静脉麻醉诱导后分别采用SOS(S组)和MCL(M组)实施经口气管插管操作。记录气管插管时间和麻醉诱导前(T0)、麻醉诱导后(T1)、插管后1min(T2)、3min(T3)、5min(T4)时的SBP、DBP、HR和Narcotrend指数(NI),记录插管过程中芬太尼用量,并于T0、T2、T4时检测血糖。结果 M3组芬太尼用量明显多于S3组(P0.05)。M2组1次插管成功率明显低于S2组,M3组1次插管成功率明显低于S3组(P0.05);T2、T4时M3组血糖明显高于T0时和S3组(P0.05)。T2~T4时M3组SBP、DBP明显高于,HR明显快于S3组(P0.05)。结论气管插管导致不同程度的应激反应,与MCL比较,SOS能有效减轻应激反应的程度,缩短插管时间,尤其在困难插管方面具有明显优势。     

Lightwand光棒插管对老年患者血流动力学的影响

目的比较Lightwand光棒和Macintosh喉镜经口气管插管对老年患者血流动力学的影响。方法择期全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的老年患者60例,随机均分为Lightwand光棒组(L组)和Macintosh喉镜组(M组)。观察和记录插管前后患者BP、HR和SpO2,记录插管时间。结果所有患者均一次插管成功,SpO2均保持在98%以上。插管时间L组为(19±8)s,明显短于M组的(33±12)s(P<0.05)。与诱导前比较,插管即刻和插管后1minM组SBP、DBP明显升高,HR明显增快(P<0.05),且明显高于和快于L组(P<0.05);插管后3minL组SBP、DBP明显低于、HR明显慢于M组(P<0.05),M组SBP、DBP无明显变化,HR显著增快(P<0.05)。两组患者插管时均未出现喉痉挛和呛咳等不良反应。术后咽痛L组有2例(6.7%),明显少于M组的8例(26.7%)(P<0.05)。结论 Lightwand光棒插管可安全用于老年患者,与Macintosh喉镜比较,血流动力学反应更小。     

Shikani喉镜与Airtraq喉镜用于颈椎活动受限患者清醒气管插管对比研究

目的 比较Shikani喉镜与Airtraq喉镜清醒气管插管在颈椎手术中的应用效果. 方法 选择ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,拟全身麻醉下行前路或后路颈椎内固定术患者60例.按随机数字表法分为Shikani喉镜组(S组)和Airtraq喉镜组(A组),每组30例.记录入室15 min麻醉诱导前(T1)、麻醉诱导后插管前(T2)、插管即刻(T3)、插管后1 min(T4)及插管后3 min(T5)时的MAP、HR、气管插管的成功率、插管时间,评估患者对气管插管的耐受性、配合程度及满意度,观察术后咽喉损伤情况. 结果 与T1比较,A组T3～T5时点MAP升高、HR增快(P＜0.05).A组T3～T5时点MAP高于S组,HR快于S组(P＜0.05).S组插管时间短于A组[(15±4)s比(22±5)s],插管成功率高于A组(100％比90％)(P＜0.05).与A组比较,S组气管插管耐受性及满意度优于A组(P＜0.05),咽喉损伤的发生率也较A组少(P＜0.05). 结论 颈椎手术清醒诱导插管中,与Airtraq喉镜比较,Shikani喉镜可减少气管插管时心血管应激反应,提高插管成功率及患者的舒适度,缩短插管时间,降低咽喉损伤的发生率.     

Comparison of hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation with the GlideScope videolaryngoscope and the Macintosh direct laryngoscope

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To identify the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation using a GlideScope videolaryngoscope (GSVL) in healthy adults, and to determine whether the GSVL could attenuate the hemodynamic response to orotracheal intubation compared with the Macintosh direct laryngoscope (MDLS). DESIGN: Randomized study. SETTING: Operating room, Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China. PATIENTS: 57 adult, ASA physical status I patients, scheduled for elective plastic surgery during general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly allocated to either the GSVL group (n = 30) or the MDLS group (n = 27). Anesthesia was induced with intravenous injection of fentanyl 2 microg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg, and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. Orotracheal intubation was started two minutes after vecuronium injection. All intubation procedures were performed by a single anesthesiologist experienced in using an MDLS and a GSVL. After intubation, anesthesia was maintained with 1% isoflurane and 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Noninvasive blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before (baseline values) and immediately after induction (postinduction values), at intubation, and for 5 minutes at one-minute intervals. Maximal BP and HR values during the observation and intubation times were also noted. The product of HR and systolic BP (ie, the rate-pressure product [RPP]) was calculated. Intubation time was significantly longer in the GSVL group than in the MDLS group (P < 0.01). Except for maximal value of diastolic BP in the GSVL group, increases in BPs during the observation in the two groups did not significantly exceed baseline values (P > 0.05). In the GSVL group, HR and RPP at intubation were significantly higher than their baseline values, and HR increases lasted for 4 minutes. In the MDLS group, HR at intubation was also significantly higher than its baseline value, but the tachycardic response lasted only for 1 minute. During the observation, there were no significant differences between the two groups in BPs, HRs, or RPPs at any time points or in their maximal values. CONCLUSIONS: The hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation using a GSVL and an MDLS were similar. The GSVL had no any special advantage over the MDLS in attenuating the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation.     

GlideScope视频喉镜、直接喉镜和光导纤维支气管镜经口气管插管时血液动力学反应的比较

目的比较正常气道患者GlideScope视频喉镜(GSVL)、Macintosh直接喉镜(MDLS)和光导纤维支气管镜(FOB)经口气管插管时的血液动力学反应。方法拟在经口气管插管全身麻醉下行择期整形外科手术的患者60例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,年龄18-50岁,随机分为3组(n=20):GSVL组、MDLS组和FOB组。常规麻醉诱导后,分别采用GSVL、MDLS或FOB实施经口气管插管,记录麻醉诱导前(基础值)、气管插管前即刻、气管插管后即刻及插管后1、2、3、4、5min血压(BP)和心率(HR),并记录整个观察期BP和HR的最大值。计算各观察时点的收缩压×心率乘积(RPP)。以时间为横坐标、观察期BP和HR为纵坐标计算血液动力学时-效关系曲线下面积。结果与MDLS组相比,FOB组气管插管时间延长(P<0.05),气管插管后即刻HR和RPP升高(P<0.05),GSVL组各指标差异无统计学意义;与GSVL组相比,FOB组各指标差异无统计学意义;3组血液动力学时-效关系曲线下面积差异均无统计学意义。结论与MDLS和FOB相比,采用GSVL在预防正常气道患者经口气管插管时血液动力学反应方面并无明显优势,但FOB引导经口气管插管时所致的血液动力学反应却强于MDLS。     

A comparative study of hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation with fiberoptic bronchoscope and laryngoscope in children

BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to further identify the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation in children, using a fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) and a direct laryngoscope (DLS), and to validate whether the FOB can attenuate the hemodynamic response to orotracheal intubation compared with the DLS. METHODS: Forty-three children, ASA PS I-II scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were randomly allocated to either the DLS group (n = 20) or the FOB group (n = 23). Noninvasive systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before (baseline values) and after anesthesia induction (postinduction values), at intubation and every minute for the first 5 min after intubation. The maximal values of SBP and HR during the observation were also recorded. The product of HR and SBP [rate pressure product (RPP)] at each time point was calculated. RESULTS: In the DLS group, SBP, HR, and RPP at intubation and 1 min after intubation were significantly higher than postinduction values, but did not exceed baseline values. In the FOB group, SBP, HR, and RPP at intubation increased significantly compared with baseline and postinduction values. In the two groups, the maximal values of SBP, HR, and RPP during the observation were significantly higher than baseline values. Except for the HR at intubation, there were no significant differences in other hemodynamic parameters during the observation and the time required to reach maximal values of SBP, HR, and RPP between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Orotracheal intubation using FOB and DLS in children may cause similar increases in SBP and HR. Compared with the DLS, the FOB had no advantage in attenuating the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation.     

Clinical comparison of two stylet angles for orotracheal intubation with the GlideScope video laryngoscope

Study ObjectiveTo compare the success of orotracheal intubation in 62 seconds or less using the GlideScope video laryngoscope (GVL) and a 60° or 90° angled stylet with reverse loading of the endotracheal tube (ETT).DesignProspective, randomized study.SettingOperating room of a university hospital.Patients120 ASA physical status I, II, and III adult patients undergoing elective surgery requiring general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation.InterventionsPatients were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 60 each); both groups received general anesthesia and neuromuscular relaxation. A conventional ETT was styleted and then bent from its straight configuration just above the cuff, either at 60° or 90° against its concave natural curve (reverse loading). Four attending anesthesiologists, who were blinded as to stylet assignment (the 60° or 90° group), intubated the tracheas of all patients with the GVL using either the primary or secondary stylet.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was success of orotracheal intubation in 62 seconds or less. The secondary outcome was actual time to intubation (TTI).Main ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) for intubation success was higher in the 90° group than the 60° group (OR = 10.41; P < 0.03), as evidenced by 59 of 60 patients whose tracheas were intubated successfully within 62 seconds, compared with 51 of 60 patients in the 60° group. Seven of the 9 failures were due to inability of the 60° stylet to reach the glottic opening. The three remaining failures were associated with TTI of more than 62 seconds.ConclusionsThe 90° angled malleable stylet with reverse loading of the ETT provided more reliable ETT delivery to the glottic opening and had a higher success rate than the 60° stylet.