抗人IgG-抗HRP双特异性单克隆抗体细胞株的建立与鉴定

目的 制备人ＩｇＧ检测用双特异性单克隆抗体诊断试制。方法 用人ＩｇＧ免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠脾细胞与抗ＨＲＰＭｃＡｂ杂交瘤细胞ＨＡＴ敏感株进行第２次融合。结果 获得５株能稳定分泌抗人Ｉｇ－抗ＨＲＰ的双特异性单克隆抗体的杂交－杂交瘤细胞,分泌的抗体亚类其中１株为ＩｇＧ２ａ／ＩｇＧ１,余为ＩｇＧ１／ＩｇＧ１。培养上清与腹水效价分别为２＾７、１０＾０４以上,经ＨＲＰ亲和层析有２个蛋白吸ＢｓＭｃＡｂ存在于第２     

抗口腔支原体,精氨酸支原体单克隆抗体的制备及其应用方法的初步研究

用口腔支原体，精氨酸支原体抗原免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，取其脾细胞，与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞（Ｓｐ２／０）融合，获得了７株稳定分泌抗口腔支原体单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ），２株分泌抗精氨酸支原体ＭｃＡｂ的杂交瘤细胞株。间接ＥＬＩＳＡ测定其抗体效价可达１：１０＾３～１：１０＾７，９株ＭｃＡｂ中１株为ＩｇＧ２ａ，其余均为ＩｇＧ１。初步建立了ＥＬＩＳＡ检测支原体的方法。     

抗淋球菌PIA单克隆抗体的制备和应用分析

用淋球菌全菌体免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，取脾细胞与Ｓｐ２／０骨髓瘤细胞融合，以纯化ＰＩＡ做ＥＬＩＳＡ间接法筛选，获得５株稳定分泌抗ＰＩＡ的ＭｃＡｂ的杂交瘤细胞株。５株ＭｃＡｂ中３株为ＩｇＭ类（２Ｈ１１，４Ｈ８，４Ｅ１０），另２株分别为ＩｇＧ１（１Ｃ２）和ＩｇＧ２ｂ（５Ａ５）亚类。２Ｈ１１和１Ｃ２为高亲和力抗体，１Ｃ２与５Ａ５识别的抗原表位相同。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ试验表明，５株ＭｃＡｂ均能从复杂的淋球菌菌体崩解物中特异地识别分子量为３５ＫＤａ的ＰＩＡ抗原，与淋球菌ＰＩＢ无交叉反应。     

肿瘤碱性蛋白单克隆抗体免疫学特性的研究及其应用

应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术，建立了４株抗人血清肿瘤碱性蛋白（Ｔｕｍｏｕｒｂａｓｉｃｐｒｏ－ｔｅｉｎ，ＴＢＰ）杂交瘤细胞株（１Ｃ３、４Ｆ４、５Ｆ４、３Ｇ９），并以制备的单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）对其抗原决定簇及免疫学特性进行了分析。Ｉｇ亚类测定：均为ＩｇＧ２ａ，腹水效价为１×１０－６～１×１０－８。特异性测定：ＴＢＰＭｃＡｂ与ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ和Ａｌｂ无交叉反应。单抗相加试验证实：５Ｆ４、４Ｆ４和１Ｃ３为识别ＴＢＰ上同一抗原决定簇，３Ｇ９则为识别ＴＢＰ上另一抗原决定簇。分别利用单株和混合株ＭｃＡｂ标酶建立了可应用于人血清ＴＢＰ含量测定的ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法，并用于人血清ＴＢＰ含量测定。     

抗淋球菌PIA单克隆抗体的制备和应用分析

用淋球菌全菌体免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，取脾细胞与Ｓｐ２／０骨髓瘤细胞融合，以纯化ＰＩＡ做ＥＬＩＳＡ间接法筛选，获得５株稳定分泌抗ＰＩＡ的ＭｃＡｂ的杂交瘤细胞株。５株ＭｃＡｂ中３株为ＩｇＭ类（２Ｈ１１，４Ｈ８，４Ｅ１０），另２株分别为ＩｇＧ１（１Ｃ２）和ＩｇＧ２ｂ（５Ａ５）亚类。２Ｈ１１和１Ｃ２为高亲和力抗体，１Ｃ２与５Ａ５识别的抗原表位相同。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ试验表明，５株ＭｃＡｂ均能     

分泌抗rHuIL—6McAb杂交瘤细胞系的建立及其应用研究

应用常规方法建立了４株稳定分泌抗重组人ＩＬ－６（ｒＨｕＩＬ－６）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）小鼠杂交瘤细胞系１Ｈ３、２Ａ１０、３Ａ３和４Ｂ１。其中，１Ｈ３为ＩｇＧ２ｂ（Ｋ），２Ａ１０为ＩｇＧ１（Ｋ），３Ａ３和４Ｂ１为ＩｇＧ２ａ（Ｋ）。４株ＭｃＡｂ特异性强，与细胞因子ＩＬ－１β、ＩＬ－３、ＩＬ－８、ＴＮＦ－α、ＧＭ－ＳＣＦ、ＩＣＡＭ－１，以及受体菌菌体蛋白成分均无交叉反应。间接ＥＬＩＳＡ测定小鼠腹水ＭｃＡ     

分泌抗金黄色葡萄球菌C1型肠毒素杂交瘤细胞系的建立及初步应用

应用常规方法建立了３株稳定分泌抗金黄色葡萄球菌Ｃ１型肠毒素（ＳＥＣ１）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）的小鼠杂交瘤细胞系Ｂ３、Ｃ４和Ｇ８。其中Ｂ３和Ｃ４均为ＩｇＧ１（ｋ），Ｇ８为ＩｇＧ２ａ（ｋ）。Ｂ３和Ｇ８与ＳＥＡ，ＳＥＢ及ＳＥＤ均无交叉反应；Ｃ４虽与ＳＥＡ和ＳＥＤ无交叉反应，但与ＳＥＢ有交叉反应。间接ＥＬＩＳＡ测定小鼠腹水效价为１０＾－５～１０＾－８。应用识别不同表位的ＭｃＡｂ建立了双ＭｃＡｂ夹心ＥＬＩＳ     

抗口腔支原体、精氨酸支原体单克隆抗体的制备及其应用方法的初步研究

用口腔支原体、精氨酸支原体抗原免疫ＢＡＬＧ／ｃ小鼠，取其脾细胞，与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞（Ｓｐ２／０）融合，获得了７株稳定分泌抗口腔支原体单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ），２株分泌抗精氨酸支原体ＭｃＡｂ的杂交瘤细胞株。间接ＥＬＩＳＡ测定其抗体效价可达１：１０３～１：１０７；９株ＭｃＡｂ中１株为ＩｇＧ２ａ，其余均为ＩｇＧ１。初步建立了ＥＬＩＳＡ检测支原体的方法。     

重组人红细胞生成素单克隆抗体的制备

本文应用常规淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备了４株能稳定分泌抗人重组红细胞生成素（ｒＨｕＥＰＯ）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）的小鼠杂交瘤细胞系ＢⅡ１Ｂ５、ＤⅡ６Ｂ９、ＭⅡ１Ｈ４和ＧＩ３Ｅ７。用鼠单克隆抗体分型试剂盒鉴定，其分泌的ＭｃＡｂ的类分别是ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ１和ＩｇＧ２ａ。间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定细胞上清的效价为１×１０－２～１．２５×１０－４，腹水效价为１×１０－２～１×１０－８。培养上清经ＥＬＩＳＡ鉴定，与ＩＬ－２、ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＦＮ－α等细胞因子均无交叉反应，只与ｒＨｕＥＰＯ特异性结合。     

分泌抗金黄色葡萄球菌C1型肠毒素杂交瘤细胞系的建立及初步应用

应用常规方法建立了３株稳定分泌抗金黄色葡萄球菌Ｃ１型肠毒素（ＳＥＣ１）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）的小鼠杂交瘤细胞系Ｂ３、Ｃ４和Ｇ８。其中Ｂ３和Ｃ４均为ＩｇＧ１（ｋ），Ｇ８为ＩｇＧ２ａ（ｋ）。Ｂ３和Ｇ８与ＳＥＡ、ＳＥＢ及ＳＥＤ均无交叉反应；Ｃ４虽与ＳＥＡ和ＳＥＤ无交叉反应，但与ＳＥＢ有交叉反应。间接ＥＬＩＳＡ测定小鼠腹水效价为１０－５～１０－８。应用识别不同表位的ＭｃＡｂ建立了双ＭｃＡｂ夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＳＥＣ１，敏感性可达１ｎｇ／ｍｌ。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The case for allele‐specific recognition by the TCR

There is a sharp difference in how one views TCR structure–function–behaviour dependent on whether its recognition of major histocompatibility complex‐encoded restriction elements (R) is germline selected or somatically generated. The generally accepted or Standard model is built on the assumption that recognition of R is by the V regions of the αβ TCR, which is not driven by allele specificity, whereas the competing model posits that recognition of R is allele‐specific. The establishing of allele‐specific recognition of R by the TCR would rule out the Standard model and clear the road to a consideration of a competing construct, the Tritope model. Here, the case for allele‐specific recognition (germline selected) is detailed making it obvious that the Standard model is untenable.