腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育疗效分析

目的观察腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育患者的疗效。方法 150例精索静脉曲张性不育患者行腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术,比较术前、术后第3、6、12、24月的精液质量,并且追踪术后2年内配偶临床妊娠结果。结果术后精子密度、精子总数、a+b级精子数均较术前有显著提高(P<0.05),但术后第3、6、12、24月的精液质量各主要参数间对比,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后2年内配偶临床妊娠为90例(60%)。结论腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育疗效好,能改善患者的精液质量,提高其配偶的怀孕率。     

显微镜下小切口精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的临床效果观察

目的：与传统经腹股沟精索静脉结扎术,分析显微镜下小切口精索静脉高位结扎术对精索静脉曲张患者精液质量和术后妊娠和复发情况的影响。方法将60例精索静脉曲张患者按抽签法随机分成显微镜下高位小切口精索静脉高位结扎术（显微镜）组和传统经腹股沟精索静脉结扎术（传统）组,每组30例,比较两组术后的精液质量、复发率及配偶妊娠率。结果术后3个月,传统组精子浓度比术前明显提高;显微镜组精子浓度及总活力均较术前显著提高;显微镜组精子浓度高于传统组;差异均有统计学意义。术后6个月,两组精子浓度和总活力均较术前显著提高;显微镜组精子浓度显著高于传统组;差异均有统计学意义。术后妊娠率显微镜组高于传统组,复发率低于传统组。结论显微镜下小切口精索静脉高位结扎术效果优于传统经腹股沟精索静脉结扎术,是不育伴有精索静脉曲张患者的首选方法之一。     

经脐单孔无气腹腹腔镜下治疗精索静脉曲张性不育的效果观察

目的了解经脐单孔法无气腹腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育的临床疗效。方法选取精索静脉曲张患者40例,行经脐单孔法无气腹腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术,观察患者的手术时间、术后住院天数、术后并发症及术后3个月时精液质量改善情况。结果 40例患者术后均顺利完成,无明显出血影响手术操作,无严重手术并发症,术后阴囊坠胀不适感均消失或减轻,阴囊触诊扩张迂曲的静脉明显缩小,Valsava试验阴性。其中单侧患者手术时间为18~25 min,平均24.2 min;双侧患者手术时间为35~47 min,平均36.7 min。平均住院时间2.4 d。经过3个月随访,无复发病例,术后3个月复查精液常规,精液质量明显改善,术后精子密度、活率、（A＋B）级精子比例与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术可作为治疗精索静脉曲张性不育的一种可选术式,可取得良好的临床疗效。     

不育症伴精索静脉曲张两种术式疗效比较

目的观察显微镜下高位小切口精索静脉结扎术与传统经腹股沟精索静脉结扎术,对不育伴有精索静脉曲张患者精液质量的影响。方法60例男性不育症患者分成两组,各30例;分别行显微镜下高位小切口精索静脉结扎术（显微镜组）和传统经腹股沟精索静脉结扎术（传统术组）。比较两组患者术前、术后3月和6个月的精液质量及不育症复发情况。结果两组患者术后精液质量较术前都有较大的改善;显微镜组精液质量好于传统手术组。显微镜组不育症复发率明显低于传统手术组。结论显微镜下高位小切H精索静脉结扎术效果优于传统经腹股沟精索静脉结扎术,是不育伴有精索静脉曲张患者治疗的首选方法。     

精索静脉高位结扎术对抗精子抗体、精子顶体酶活性及精子数量、活动力的影响

目的探讨精索静脉曲张患者在精索静脉高位结扎术前、后精液中抗精子抗体、精子顶体酶活性及精子数量、活动力的变化。方法选取精索静脉曲张患者35例。用混合抗球蛋白凝集法(MAR)、改良的Kennedy法测定术前和术后3～6个月精液中抗精子抗体、精子顶体酶活性及精子计数、活动力(a及b级活动力精子的百分率)测定。结果精索静脉高位结扎术后患者精液中抗精子抗体有下降、精子顶体酶活性较术前明显增高、精子数量增加、活动力升高。结论精索静脉高位结扎术对精索静脉曲张患者精液中抗精子抗体的下降、精子顶体酶活性的提高、精液质量的提高有帮助。     

腹腔镜高位结扎精索静脉治疗精索静脉曲张的应用研究

目的探讨腹腔镜高位结扎治疗精索静脉曲张手术经验,分析精索静脉曲张病人的术后疗效及应用价值。方法回顾精索静脉曲张患者,实验组施行腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术,对照组行腹膜后高位结扎术,对两组术后阴囊坠痛不适减轻、曲张精索静脉消失及精液质量改善进行分析比较。结果实验组较对照组在术后患侧阴囊坠痛,阴囊内曲张的精索静脉减缓或消失时间,及在术后复查精液常规,精子数及活动率均明显改善,两组疗效比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论腹腔镜下高位结扎精索静脉治疗精索静脉曲张,对机体创伤小、并发症少、术后恢复快,是一种安全可靠的手术方法,可作为手术治疗精索静脉曲张首选,值得临床大力推广。     

显微精索静脉结扎术治疗男性不育56例报告

目的探讨显微精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张不育的临床效果。方法采用显微精索静脉结扎技术治疗56例精索静脉曲张不育患者,观察术前及术后1、3、12个月的精液质量并随访观察1年内配偶的妊娠率。结果56例患者术前精子浓度为（16．1±6．3）×10^6个／ml,术后1、3和12个月的精子浓度分别为（32．3±12．3）×10^6个／ml、（38．3±14．7）×10^6个／ml和（39．9±14．2）×10^6个／ml;术前精子总数为（54．2±18．3）×10^6个,术后1、3和12个月的精子总数分别为（112．5±48．8）×10^6、（125．7±47．7）×10^6和（126．7±49．5）×10^6个;术前前向运动精子总数为（7．3±1．5）×10^6个,术后1、3和12个月的前向运动精子总数分别为（53．8±9．0）×10^6、（66．2±10．2）×10^6和（68．3±11．9）×10。个,术后3项指标均有明显提高,与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义。术后随访1年妊娠率为60．7％。结论显微精索静脉结扎术可显著改善精索静脉曲张不育患者的精液质量,提高奸娠率。     

两种腹腔镜下手术方法治疗精索静脉曲张的临床体会

目的 探讨改良三孔三通道和经脐单孔腹腔镜下常规器械精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的可行性及临床疗效.方法 2006年7月至2010年4月收治的随访资料完整的Ⅱ度及以上原发性精索静脉曲张患者337例,其中采用改良三孔三通道腹腔镜下常规器械精索静脉高位结扎术249例(A组),采用经脐单孔腹腔镜下常规器械精索静脉高位结扎术88例(B组).比较两组手术时间、术后鞘膜积液发生率、睾丸萎缩率、复发率、精液质量提高率及2年内配偶自然妊娠率.结果 337例患者手术均获成功,B组手术时间为(19.0±7.5) min,明显短于A组的(38.0±10.9) min,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组和B组术后鞘膜积液发生率、睾丸萎缩率、复发率、精液质量提高率和术后2年内配偶自然妊娠率比较差异无统计学意义[ 0.4％(1/249)比0、1.2％( 3/249)比1.1％(1/88)、5.6％ (14/249)比4.5％(4/88)、77.1％(192/249)比79.5％(70/88)和56.9％(112/197)比61.8％(42/68),P＞0.05].结论 改良三孔三通道和经脐单孔腹腔镜下常规器械精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张均安全有效,其中经脐单孔腹腔镜下常规器械精索静脉高位结扎术手术时间更短、手术创伤更小、手术切口更美观,可选择性开展应用.     

腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术、改良Palomo术和经腹股沟管精索静脉结扎治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效对比

目的探讨腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术、改良Palomo术和经腹股沟管精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效对比。方法回顾性分析2010年2月²014年2月期间在我院就诊的120例精索静脉曲张患者,其中行腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术40例(腹腔镜组)、行改良Palomo术40例(改良组)、行经腹股沟管精索静脉结扎术40例(常规组),对比三组患者的手术时间、住院天数以及术后疗效。结果三组患者在手术时间、住院时间均无显著性差异(p>0.05),术后3个月、6个月时精液质量均较治疗前有显著改善(p<0.05),但三组组内比较3个月、6个月时精液质量无显著性差异(p>0.05)。而常规组患者手术复发率显著高于腹腔镜组和改良组(p<0.05)。结论精索静脉曲张患者采用腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术、改良Palomo术和经腹股沟管精索静脉结扎术治疗均能取得较好的治疗效果,而对于双侧的曲张患者,建议选择腹腔镜手术。     

腹腔镜手术治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效及价值体会

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效及患者精液质量的改善效果。方法：选择2019年8月至2021年12月医院收治的精索静脉曲张患者82例作为研究对象,随机数字抽签分为2组,各41例。对照组行开放经腹膜外精索静脉高位结扎术治疗,观察组行腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗,评价两组治疗效果,记录围手术期指标,测定术前、术后的精液质量参数,观察术后并发症发生情况和复发情况。结果：观察组治疗总有效率为97.56%,高于对照组80.49%,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。随访6个月观察组复发率0.00%与对照组3.03%,比较无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组手术时间高于对照组,术中出血量、下床活动时间、住院时间低于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后6个月,两组精液量、精液浓度、精子活力及正常形态精子百分率高于术前,而且观察组各参数高于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组并发症发生率为4.88%,低于对照组24.39%,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：治疗精索静脉曲张采取腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗可改善患者的...     

三种术式治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效比较

目的 探讨腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术、改良Palomo术和传统开放手术(经腹股沟管精索静脉结扎术)治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效及差别.方法 将135例精索静脉曲张手术患者按照随机数字表法分为三组,腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术组(A组,50例)、改良Palomo术组(B组,70例)和传统开放手术组(C组,15例),对三组患者的手术时间、住院时间、手术费用,术前、术后1、6、12个月的精液质量进行比较,并追踪18个月内患者精索静脉曲张复发、配偶临床妊娠结果 及睾丸萎缩的发生情况.结果 三组患者在单侧手术时间、住院时间方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);住院费用方面A组明显高于B、C组(P<0.05),而B、C组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组术后精液质量均较术前有显著提高(P<0.05),但组内术后1、6、12个月精液质量各参数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后随访18个月,C组复发率13.3%(2/15),显著高于A组的0和B组的1.4%(1/70)(P<0.05),三组配偶临床妊娠率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)[A组68.0%(34/50),B组68.6%(48/70),C组66.7%(10/15)].随访期间三组均无睾丸萎缩.结论 腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术和改良Palomo术是治疗精索静脉曲张的安全、简单、有效的手术方式.对于单侧精索静脉曲张,改良Palomo术值得首先推荐;对于双侧和复发的精索静脉曲张,则可以优先考虑腹腔镜手术.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical therapeutic effectiveness of laparoscopic high ligation of spermatic vein method, modified Palomo procedure and ligating of spermatic vein via inguinal canal for varicocele. Methods All 135 patients with varicocele who underwent varicocele were divided into three groups by random number table method: laparoscopic high ligation of spermatic vein method group (group A, 50 cases), modified Palomo procedure group(group B, 70 cases) and ligating of spermatic vein via inguinal canal group (group C, 15 cases). The surgery time,the length of stay,the hospital expenses,and the quality of their semen were collected at different time points (preoperation, 1,6,12 months after operation) and assessed,the recurrence rate,the pregnant outcomes of their spouses and the testicle atrophy rate 18 months postoperation were followed-up. Results There was no significant difference in the surgery time and the length of stay among three groups (P> 0.05). But the hospital expenses in group A was significantly higher than that in group B and group C (P <0.05). The quality of their semen were all significantly increased after operation in three groups compared with that before operation (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the key parameters of the quality of their after operation among three groups (P> 0.05). During the follow-up of 18 months, the recurrence rate in semen group C (13.3% ,2/15) was significantly higher than that in group A (0) and group B (1.4%, l/70)(P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in their spouses who were found to have clinical pregnant outcomes during follow-up [group A: 68.0%(34/50),group B:68.6%(48/70),group C:66.7%(10/15)](P> 0.05). No testicle atrophy happened during follow-up. Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery and modified Palomo procedure are safe,convenient and effective surgical techniques. Modified Palomo procedure is recommended for unilateral varicocele. Laparoscopic surgery has advantages for recurrent and bilateral varicocele.     

IMPROVEMENT OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY,PREGNANCY RATE,AND LOW PLASMA TESTOSTERONE AFTER BILATERAL VARICOCELECTOMY IN IMPOTENCE AND MALE INFERTILITY PATIENTS

To evaluate the effects of bilateral varicocelectomy on sexual activity, testicular volumes, semen quality, and serum hormone levels in impotence and male infertility patients, 48 patients were studied from an outpatient clinic from May 1998 to March 2001. The mean age was 37 &#45 5.9; 16 patients were complaining of erectile dysfunction and 32 patients were complaining of male infertility. The mean duration of impotence was 3.3 &#45 2.4 years and for male infertility was 3.8 &#45 3.2 years. Sexual and reproductive history was taken for erectile dysfunction and male infertility patients. General, local examination, and laboratory investigations were done for all patients. Preoperative and postoperative testicular volumes; semen parameters, including semen volume, sperm count, and motility; and morphology and hormonal parameters, including LH and FSH, and testosterone levels were measured. All patients were followed up for 3-36 months after varicocele repair. Left and right testicular volume was improved in impotence and male infertility patients and fertility groups, but this improvement was not statistically significant ( p >.25). The semen volume was significantly increased in male infertility patients and fertility group ( p <.05), but there was no statistical significant difference in impotent patients ( p >.25). The sperm count was improved in male infertility patients and fertility group, but this improvement was not statistically significant ( p >.25), and in impotent patients there was no significant difference ( p >.40). The sperm motility was very significantly increased in male infertility patients and the fertility group ( p <.0005), and highly significantly increased in impotent patients ( p <.005). The abnormal forms were not statistically significant in impotence and male infertility patients ( p >.40), but significantly decreased in the fertility group ( p <.05). Serum testosterone was very significantly increased in impotence and male infertility patients ( p <.0005) and was highly significantly increased in fertility groups ( p <.005). Serum FSH was improved in impotence and male infertility patients, but this improvement was not statistically significant ( p >.10), and in fertility groups of male infertility patients, the results showed a statistically significant increase ( p <.05). Serum LH was not statistically significant in impotence and male infertility patients ( p >.10), and was significantly increased in fertility groups ( p <.05). The improvement of sexual activity was 50-75%, the pregnancy rate for their partners was 37% and increased plasma testosterone levels over a period of 3 years of follow-up after varicocele repair.     

EXPRESSION OF LECTIN RECEPTORS ON THE MEMBRANE SURFACE OF SPERM OF FERTILE AND SUBFERTILE BOARS BY FLOW CYTOMETRY

66 nonobstructive azoospermic men with normal genetic analysis composed of 32 (48%) patients with and 34 (52%) patients without varicocele were evaluated for the rate of sperm extraction five months after the varicocelectomy. Sperm retrieval was successful in 22 of 32 patients (68%) who had been operated because of varicocele and in 13 of 34 patients (38.2%) who had no varicocele (OR = 3.55) (CI: 1.15–11.27) (p = 0.025). Overall, sperm extraction was successful in 35 of 66 patients (53%). Repair of varicocele in non-obstructive azoospermic patients may return spermatogenesis to normal in spermatogenetic focuses. So, the presence of varicocele and its treatment might be considered as a prognostic factor for sperm retrieval in these patients.     

精索静脉曲张对精子形态的影响

目的:探讨精索静脉曲张对精子形态的影响。方法:分析71例已有生育男性和417例男性不育患者精液样本,其中不育患者分为精索静脉曲张组Ⅰ°(130例)、Ⅱ°(64例)、Ⅲ°(88例)和无精索静脉曲张组(135例)4组。采用精子形态检测系统下人工修正方法进行精子形态分析。结果:精索静脉曲张Ⅱ°和Ⅲ°组正常形态精子百分率均显著低于生育组(P<0.05,P<0.001),但两组之间差异没有显著性(P>0.05)。精索静脉曲张Ⅰ°组正常形态精子百分率与生育组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。精索静脉曲张不育组正常形态精子百分率显著低于生育组和无精索静脉曲张组(P<0.005,P<0.05),梨形头精子、尾部/中部缺陷精子百分率显著高于生育组(P<0.05,P<0.005),大头精子、颈部/中段缺陷精子和尾部缺陷精子百分率显著高于无精索静脉曲张组(P<0.05),而其它畸形精子百分率显著低于无精索静脉曲张组(P<0.005)。结论:精索静脉曲张能够影响精子形态,Ⅱ°和Ⅲ°能导致正常形态精子百分率下降。     

男性精液因素对体外受精妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨男性精液指标与体外受精（IVF）妊娠结局的关系,以指导控制性促排卵周期受精方法的选择。方法：收集郑州大学第一附属医院生殖中心2012年1月—2013年6月第一周期长方案控制性促排卵的2 591个IVF周期,匹配妊娠女方与未妊娠女方的年龄、体质量、不孕原因、基础卵泡刺激素（FSH）和黄体生成激素（LH）、注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）日子宫内膜厚度及获卵数等因素,共获得457对,分析不同妊娠结局夫妇中男性因素的差异。结果：妊娠组男性精子正常形态率高于未妊娠组（P＜0.05）,但2组精子密度、活力、活率和合格率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：不同妊娠结局IVF周期精子形态有差异,精液常规分析中的正常形态率较其他指标对IVF妊娠结局具有更高的参考价值。