饮食诱导肥胖抵抗和肥胖大鼠血中激素水平的比较

目的　研究饮食诱导肥胖抵抗 (DIO R)和肥胖 (DIO)大鼠血中胰岛素、瘦素 (leptin)和神经肽Y(NPY)水平的差别。方法　采用 5 0只健康雄性SD大鼠 ,随机分为基础组和高脂组 ,分别用基础饲料和高脂饲料喂养 13周 ,然后根据体重筛选出DIO R和DIO组 ,观察体重、摄食量和体脂含量的变化 ,放免法测血清胰岛素、leptin和血浆NPY含量。结果　DIO R大鼠体重、摄食量和体脂含量均明显低于DIO大鼠 (P <0 0 5 ) ;血清胰岛素、血浆NPY含量显著低于DIO大鼠 (P <0 0 5 ) ;高脂饲料使大鼠血清leptin水平明显增加 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但DIO R与DIO大鼠间无明显差别 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　高脂饲料能够诱导SD大鼠发生肥胖和肥胖抵抗 ,胰岛素 leptin NPY反馈环的平衡在肥胖抵抗的发生中起重要作用。     

高脂饲料诱导肥胖及肥胖抵抗大鼠的瘦素、胰岛素水平

目的:探讨高脂饲料肥胖诱导大鼠的瘦素、胰岛素水平与肥胖抵抗的关系。方法:将50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为肥胖诱导组和正常对照组,分别喂以高脂饲料和基础饲料8周,观察体脂含量的变化,第8周末根据体重增加量筛选出膳食诱导肥胖(DIO)组大鼠和膳食诱导肥胖抵抗(DIO-R)组大鼠,采用酶法测定血脂4项,酶联免疫法测定瘦素和胰岛素水平并进行比较。结果:高脂饲料喂养导致肥胖组和肥胖抵抗组大鼠的血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、瘦素和胰岛素水平均显著高于正常对照组,也使肥胖组大鼠体重显著高于肥胖抵抗组与正常对照组大鼠,肥胖抵抗组大鼠体重和正常对照组比较没有差异。结论:高脂饲料诱导肥胖抵抗大鼠不易产生瘦素抵抗和胰岛素抵抗,但伴有一定程度的血脂代谢紊乱。     

饮食诱导肥胖抵抗和饮食诱导肥胖大鼠的对比研究

目的 探讨饮食诱导肥胖抵抗(DIO—R)大鼠和饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)大鼠的肥胖相关指标的变化。方法 采用50只健康雄性别大鼠，随机分为对照组和高脂组，分别用基础饲料和高脂饲料喂养13周，然后根据体重筛选出DIO—R和DIO组，观察能量摄入和体脂含量的变化；试纸法测定血糖；应用酶法测定大鼠总胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度胆固醇(HDL—C)；放免法测血清瘦素(1eptin)含量。结果 在前5周时，DIO—R大鼠与DIO大鼠摄入的总能量无显性差异；在实验终期，DIO—R大鼠明显低于DIO大鼠(P＜0．05)。DIO—R大鼠体脂含员、血糖、TG、CHO均明显低于DIO大鼠(P＜0．05)，DIO—R和DIO大鼠的HDL—C无明显差别。高脂饲料使大鼠血清(1eptin)水平明显增加(P＜0．05)，但DIO—R与DIO大鼠间无明显差别。结论 高脂饲料能够诱导别大鼠发生肥胖和肥胖抵抗，血清leptin水平增加在大鼠肥胖抵抗的发生中起部分作用。     

胃促生长素与高脂饮食诱导大鼠肥胖的关系

目的探讨胃促生长素在高脂饮食诱导大鼠肥胖中的作用。方法采用40只健康雄性SD大鼠,按体重随机分为高脂实验组和基础对照组,分别给予高脂饲料(30只)和基础饲料(10只)喂养12周。实验结束时,将高脂组大鼠根据体重分为饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)和饮食诱导肥胖抵抗(DIR)大鼠,观察各组大鼠能量摄入、体重增长情况,比较血浆胃促生长素、血糖、胰岛素及血脂水平的差异;逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)测定胃壁组织胃促生长素前体信使核糖核酸(mRNA)的表达水平。结果DIO大鼠能量摄入、体重增长显著高于DIR和对照组大鼠(P<0.05),而DIR大鼠与对照组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05);DIO大鼠血浆胃促生长素和胃壁胃促生长素前体mRNA的表达水平均低于DIR大鼠和基础对照组(P<0.01)。结论高脂饮食下胃促生长素表达和释放减少与能量摄入过多和肥胖的发生密切相关。     

不同肥胖易感性大鼠体内的氧化应激反应

目的观察不同肥胖易感性大鼠的氧化应激反应和抗氧化能力的差异。方法 40只雄性Wistar大鼠(200～220g)随机分为高脂饲料组(30只)和正常对照组(10只),高脂饲料组大鼠给予高脂饲料6周后依据体重增加量筛选出肥胖易感(OP)大鼠和肥胖抵抗(OR)大鼠各10只,OP组和OR组大鼠继续喂养高脂饲料,正常对照组大鼠给予基础饲料,13周末处死大鼠,采集样本,测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)以及空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)等指标。结果 OP组大鼠SOD含量显著低于OR组和正常对照组;OP组大鼠GSH-Px水平显著低于OR组;OP组MDA浓度显著高于正常对照组;同时OP组总能量摄入、体脂含量、血糖、血脂、血清胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)和游离脂肪酸水平都与OR组大鼠的差异有显著性,而OR组大鼠与正常对照组相比的差异无显著性。结论与肥胖抵抗大鼠相比,肥胖易感大鼠的氧化应激水平增高,抗氧化能力降低,血糖血脂升高并出现胰岛素抵抗。     

高脂饲料诱导肥胖大鼠模型的方法研究

[目的]研究高脂饲料建立肥胖大鼠模型的方法以及肥胖诱导对肥胖大鼠的瘦素、胰岛素水平的影响。[方法]将50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为肥胖诱导组和正常对照组,分别喂以高脂饲料和基础饲料8周,观察摄食量和体脂含量的变化,第8周末测定血脂四项、瘦素和胰岛素水平进行比较。[结果]本次研究高脂饲料配方喂养肥胖大鼠的体重、血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、瘦素和胰岛素水平均显著高于正常对照组(P﹤0.05)。[结论]本高脂饲料配方致肥效果良好,喂养肥胖大鼠产生瘦素抵抗和胰岛素抵抗,并伴有一定程度的血脂代谢紊乱。     

高脂饮食对大鼠脂肪组织AMP激活的蛋白激酶表达的影响

目的探讨不同膳食模式对大鼠脂肪组织AMP激活的蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)表达的影响。方法高脂饲料喂养雄性SD大鼠实验组15w,按体重分为肥胖(DIO)和肥胖抵抗(DIO-R)组,再将DIO组一半改用基础饲料喂养(DIO-HF/LF),另一半继续喂养高脂饮食(DIO-HF),DIO-R组继续喂养高脂饮食;以基础饲料喂养组作对照(CF)。至23w末禁食过夜处死动物,取脂肪组织,用RT-PCR法检测AMPKα1和AMPKα2 mRNA表达水平,免疫印迹法检测AMPKα蛋白水平。结果DIO-HF组大鼠体重和肾周、腰周、睾周脂肪湿重、三个部位总的脂肪湿重及脂体比均显著高于CF、DIO-HF/LF及DIO-R组,DIO-HF/LF组大鼠体重高于CF组。各组间AMPKα1 mRNA表达均无差异;DIO-HF组AMPKα2 mRNA表达及AMPKα蛋白表达水平显著低于CF、DIO-HF/LF及DIO-R组,而其余各组之间差异无统计学意义。结论脂肪组织AMPKα水平降低与饮食诱导大鼠肥胖密切相关,其中AMPKα2可能扮演重要角色。     

饮食对下丘脑神经肽Y基因表达及肥胖影响

目的探讨高脂饮食对大鼠神经肽Y(NPY)基因表达及分泌的影响及大鼠肥胖易感性差异的机制.方法36只雌性SD大鼠按体重随机分为高脂实验组和基础对照组,分别给予高脂饲料和基础饲料喂养13周.据13周末体重从高脂饲料组选出体重最重和体重最轻者各9只为饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)和饮食诱导肥胖抵抗(DIR)组,比较各组大鼠能量摄入水平、血浆和下丘脑匀浆NPY及下丘脑NPY mRNA表达的差异.结果DIO组大鼠能量摄入量、下丘脑和血浆NPY水平之比显著高于DIR组和对照组(P＜0.01),DIO组大鼠下丘脑NPYmRNA表达显著高于DIR及对照组,而上述各指标DIR与对照组问差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论高脂饮食喂养条件下,SD大鼠表现为明显的肥胖易感性差异,这种差异与大鼠的能量摄入水平有关,下丘脑NPY高水平表达和分泌可能是导致肥胖易感大鼠多食和热能摄入过多的内在机制之一.     

饮食诱导肥胖抵抗大鼠激素敏感脂肪酶基因的表达

目的　探讨高脂饮食诱导肥胖抵抗 (DIO R)大鼠激素敏感脂肪酶基因的表达。方法5 0只健康雄性SD大鼠 ,随机分为对照组和高脂组 ,分别用基础饲料和高脂饲料喂养 13周 ,然后根据体重和能量摄入量筛选出DIO R和饮食诱导肥胖 (DIO)组 ,观察体脂含量的变化 ,放免法测血清生长激素含量 ,RT PCR法测定大鼠激素敏感脂肪酶mRNA水平。结果　DIO R大鼠体脂含量为 (4 2 6±0 5 1) % ,低于DIO大鼠的 (5 34± 0 34) % ;DIO R大鼠血清生长激素水平为 (0 70± 0 0 6 )ng/ml,高于DIO大鼠的 (0 5 0± 0 0 8)ng/ml;高脂饲料可增加DIO R大鼠白色脂肪激素敏感脂肪酶mRNA水平。结论　大鼠白色脂肪中激素敏感脂肪酶表达增加在大鼠肥胖抵抗的发生中起一定作用。     

胰岛素抵抗和肥胖不同易感性的关系研究

目的研究高脂饲料饮食诱导肥胖不同易感性大鼠在形成胰岛素抵抗中的差异。方法健康雄性SD大鼠采用高脂饲料1(脂肪供能占45%)喂养3w后,按体重由高到低排序后分为三组:位于体重中间1/3的大鼠为对照组,改为喂饲基础饲料(脂肪供能占10%);位于体重上1/3的大鼠进入肥胖组,位于体重下1/3的大鼠进入肥胖抵抗组,此两组喂饲高脂饲料2(脂肪供能占60%)。分别于实验的3、6、8、10、11w末各组随机处死5只大鼠,动态监测各组大鼠体重、体脂含量、血脂、血糖、胰岛素和瘦素的变化趋势。结果肥胖组在能量摄入、体脂含量、血糖、血脂、血清胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数和瘦素水平上都与肥胖抵抗组和对照组有显著性差异。结论在同样的高脂饲料诱导下,肥胖大鼠比肥胖抵抗大鼠更易形成胰岛素抵抗。     

高能饲料诱导大鼠肥胖及对其脂质代谢的影响

目的　探讨高能饲料诱导大鼠肥胖及对大鼠脂代谢的影响。方法　实验大鼠分为 2组 ,分别给予基础饲料和高能饲料 ,喂养 7周 ,检测大鼠血脂、瘦素 (leptin)、血清超氧化物歧化酶 (superoxidedismutase ,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (glutathioneperoxidase,GSH Px)及体重、体脂含量等。 结果　高能饲料诱导大鼠肥胖、肥胖大鼠血清甘油三酯 (triglyceride)、胆固醇 (cholesterol)、瘦素水平升高 (分别为P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ,SOD活性降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,GSH -Px活性增强 (P <0 0 5 ) ,MDA水平升高 ,但与基础饲料组相比无显著性差异(P >0 0 5 )。结论　高能饲料诱导大鼠肥胖 ,引起瘦素抵抗 ,脂质代谢紊乱 ,机体抗氧化能力降低     

Lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese rabbits is similar to that of obese humans

Whereas diet-induced obese rabbits have been used to study various aspects of obesity, alterations of lipid metabolism in this model have not been clarified. This study aimed to compare plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and triglyceride (TG) kinetics in obese and lean rabbits by means of U-(13)C16-palmitate infusion. Young female rabbits consumed either a high-fat diet (49% energy from fat) ad libitum to develop obesity (n = 6) or a normal diet (7.9% energy from fat) as lean control (n = 5). After 10 wk of feeding, the body weight of obese rabbits (5.33 +/- 0.05 kg) was greater (P < 0.001) than that of lean rabbits (3.89 +/- 0.07 kg). The obese rabbits had higher concentrations of plasma NEFA and TG and a greater rate of fatty acid (FA) turnover. Whereas the fractional secretion rates of hepatic TG did not differ, 100% of hepatic secretory TG was synthesized from plasma NEFA in the lean rabbits compared to 59% in the obese rabbits (P < 0.001). In the lean rabbits, hepatic lipase-mediated hydrolysis of lipoprotein TG did not contribute to the FA pool for synthesis of secretory TG, consistent with the naturally occurring deficit in hepatic lipase in this species. We conclude that lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese rabbits is similar to that in obese humans. The deficiency in hepatic lipase in rabbits simplifies the quantitation of hepatic lipid kinetics.     

运动联合大蒜素降低高脂血症大鼠血脂的实验研究

目的 通过建立高脂血症大鼠模型,探讨中等强度运动联合大蒜素对高脂血症大鼠血脂代谢、肝组织氧化损伤的影响。方法:大鼠50只,分为普通饲料组（A组）、高脂饲料组（B组）、高脂饲料＋大蒜素组（C组）、高脂饲料＋运动组（D组）、高脂饲料＋运动大＋蒜素组（E组）。A组普通饲料喂养,B组、C组、D组、E组高脂饲料喂养,C组、E组灌服剂量为30mg/kg·d大蒜素,D组、E组进行10周运动。测定各组大鼠血TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、AST、ALT,肝组织MDA、SOD、GSH-Px。结果:与A组相比,B组、C组、D组、E组TC、TG、LDL-C、AST、ALT、MDA升高,HDL-C、GSH-Px降低（P＜0.05）,B组、C组、D组SOD降低（P＜0.05）;与B组相比,C组、D组、E组TC、TG、LDL-C、AST、ALT、MDA降低,GSH-Px、SOD、HDL-C升高（P＜0.05;）;与C组相比,D组TC、TG、LDL降低（P＜0.05）,E组TC、TG、LDL降低,HDL-C升高（P＜0.05）;与C组、D组相比,E组AST、ALT、MDA降低,GSH-Px、SOD升高（P＜0.05）。结论:中等强度运动和大蒜素均可降低高脂血症大鼠血脂,抑制肝组织脂质过氧化反应,减少肝细胞损伤,且两者具有协同效应。大蒜素对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节效果不如中等强度运动。     

Octreotide promotes weight loss via suppression of intestinal MTP and apoB48 expression in diet-induced obesity rats

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to investigate the effect of octreotide on the expression of intestinal fat absorption-associated apolipoproteinB48 (apoB48), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and apolipoproteinAIV (apoAIV) in a high-fat diet-induced obesity rat model.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats were placed into a control or high-fat diet group. Obese rats from the high-fat diet group were further divided into an obese group and an octreotide-treated group. Rats in the octreotide-treated group were subcutaneously injected with octreotide (40 μg/kg body weight) twice daily for 8 d. Body weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting serum insulin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Intestinal MTP, apoB48, and apoAIV expression levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis.ResultsWe found high-fat diet-induced obesity rats express more apoB, MTP, and apoAIV mRNA as well as apoB48 and MTP protein in the intestine than normal chow-fed rats. This observation occurred along with increased body weight, FPG, TG, TC, fasting serum insulin, and Homeostatic Model Assessment value. Octreotide intervention significantly decreased body weight and blood parameters, and down-regulated expression of apoB mRNA and apoB48 protein, as well as MTP mRNA and proteins. However, apoAIV mRNA was not significantly different between obese and octreotide-treated rats although it was decreased by 47%.ConclusionHigh-fat diet-induced obesity is associated with increased expression of apoB48, MTP, and apoAIV in the intestine. Octreotide intervention inhibited the overexpression of apoB48 and MTP, and consequently brought about reduced fat absorption and weight loss.     

beta-Carotene and canthaxanthin alter the pro-oxidation and antioxidation balance in rats fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet

This study investigated the effects of beta-carotene and canthaxanthin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities in rats fed a high-cholesterol, high-fat diet. Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Negative control group (group NC) received a high-fat (150 g/kg) diet; cholesterol control group (group CC) received a high-cholesterol (10 g/kg), high-fat diet. The other four groups were fed a high-cholesterol, high-fat diet supplemented with crystal beta-carotene (group BC), beta-carotene beadlet (group BB), canthaxanthin beadlet (group CX) or alpha-tocopherol (group AT). Blood and livers were collected for analysis after 6 weeks of feeding. Group BB had significantly lower hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and conjugated diene concentrations, whereas group CX had a significantly lower plasma TBARS concentration than did group CC. In erythrocytes, glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly greater in groups BC, BB and CX than in group CC. Moreover, compared with group CC, catalase activities were significantly greater in groups BB and CX, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly greater in group BB. In livers, SOD activities were significantly greater in groups BC, BB and CX, and glutathione reductase activities were significantly greater in groups BB and CX than in group CC. Compared with group CC, hepatic retinol and alpha-tocopherol concentrations were significantly greater in groups BC, BB and CX, whereas plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in group BC. These findings suggest that beta-carotene and canthaxanthin altered the pro-oxidation and antioxidation balance and suppressed cholesterol-induced oxidative stress via modulation of antioxidant system and cholesterol metabolism.     

Effect of dietary cholesterol and fat levels on lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fat levels, with or without cholesterol, on lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in rats. Thirty-two Wistar rats aged 4 weeks were divided into 4 groups and fed high (20%; HF) or low (5%; LF) fat, with or without 1% cholesterol, for 6 weeks. Cholesterol feeding resulted in significantly higher concentrations of serum cholesterol, but lowered serum triacylglycerol levels. Cholesterol feeding also led to markedly decreased levels of hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lower activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) when compared with cholesterol-free counterparts in both HF and LF diets. On the other hand, rats fed high-fat diets showed increased serum and liver TBARS, but decreased hepatic GSH-Px, SOD, and G6PDH activities. Hepatic catalase activity was lower in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets, but higher in rats fed high-fat diets, and interaction existed between cholesterol and fat feeding. These results suggested that dietary cholesterol might delay lipid peroxidation and decrease the activities of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes. The degree of lipid peroxidation was also influenced by dietary fat levels.     

Physiological response of mature rats to replacement of dietary fat with a fat substitute

The effects of replacing dietary fat with a fat substitute on food intake, body composition and lipid metabolism were examined in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g) were fed diets containing between 2 and 63% of energy as fat for 64 d. Inclusion of a substitute resulted in diets of different fat content but similar texture. When 10% corn oil (21% kJ-fat diet) was replaced with the substitute supplemented with linoleic acid (2% kJ-fat diet), rats increased food intake so that there was no effect on energy intake, body weight, body composition or serum lipid profile. Rats fed a diet containing 10% corn oil and 30% Crisco vegetable shortening (63% kJ-fat diet) became obese and hyperinsulinemic. When half (51% kJ-fat diet) or all (30% kJ-fat diet) of the Crisco was replaced with the fat substitute, the rats increased food intake and were fatter than controls but less obese than rats fed the 63% kJ-fat diet. Hepatic lipid oxidation and ketone synthesis were proportional to the percentage of dietary energy as fat. Adipocyte de novo lipid synthesis was inhibited by 51% kJ-fat and 63% kJ-fat diets. Partial or total replacement of Crisco prevented the hyperinsulinemia observed in 63% kJ-fat rats, suggesting a protective effect against the development of insulin resistance with diet-induced obesity.     

普洱茶提取物对饮食诱导肥胖大鼠脂质合成相关基因表达的影响

目的观察普洱茶提取物(PTE)对饮食诱导性肥胖大鼠脂质合成相关基因的影响,探讨普洱茶抗肥胖的作用机制。方法30只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):正常对照组,普通饲料;高脂组,高脂饲料;高脂+PTE组,高脂饲料+PTE。采用高脂饲料建立肥胖大鼠模型,测定大鼠体重和脂肪组织重量,判定减肥效果;采用real-timePCR检测PTE对脂质合成相关基因的表达影响。结果PTE能有效减轻动物体重和脂肪组织重量,显著下调二酰基甘油酰转移酶-1(DGAT1)、固醇辅酶A去饱和酶1(SCD1)和固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBP)-1cmRNA的表达。结论PTE可通过调节脂质合成相关基因,减少脂肪的合成,达到预防肥胖的作用。