脑外伤患者尿微量蛋白变化与脑、肾损伤的关系

目的：评价脑外伤患者尿微量蛋白检测的临床意义。方法：126例急性脑外伤患者根据格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)分为重型脑伤组、中型脑伤组、轻型脑伤组，检测尿α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)，微量白蛋白(MA)，转铁蛋白(TRF)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)，伤后6个月进行格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)。结果：急性脑外伤患者伤后α1-MG，MA，TRF和IgG水平，重型脑伤组显著高于中型脑伤组和轻型脑伤组，中型脑伤组显著高于轻型脑伤组。结论：脑伤后早期尿α1-MG，MA，TRF和IgG检测可作为急性脑损伤诊断的辅助指标，并对急性脑损伤的损伤程度、肾功能损害和患者预后的判断有一定参考价值。     

四项尿微量蛋白定量检测在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的临床应用价值

目的探讨尿液微量白蛋白(MA)、α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)及转铁蛋白(TRF)定量检测对早期糖尿病肾病(DN)的诊断价值。方法将103例糖尿病(DM)患者依据其尿蛋白定性试验分为尿蛋白阳性组和阴性组,采用免疫速率散射比浊法定量检测103例DM患者及60例正常健康人尿MA、α1-MG、IgG及TRF水平,对检测结果进行统计、分析。结果糖尿病尿蛋白阳性组和阴性组的尿MA、α1-MG、TRF及IgG水平均明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01;P<0.05),且糖尿病尿蛋白阳性组的这4种尿微量蛋白水平又明显高于尿蛋白阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);DM患者尿MA、α1-MG、IgG及TRF的阳性率分别为42.6%、39.3%、29.5%及45.9%,四项指标联合检测阳性率可高达90.2%。结论尿MA、α1-MG、IgG及TRF是DM患者早期肾损害的敏感指标,四项指标联合检测可提高对DN的早期诊断,对鉴别诊断肾脏病变的部位、程度及疗效观察有一定临床价值。     

尿微量蛋白在原发性高血压肾损害早期诊断中的意义

目的:探讨尿微量蛋白在诊断原发性高血压早期肾损害的意义.方法:选取原发性高血压Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者( EHⅠ、EHⅡ)及正常健康人(对照组),采用免疫速率散射比浊法检测其尿液中微量白蛋白(MA)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的含量.结果:与正常对照组比较,原发性高血压Ⅰ期组尿MA、TRF、α1-MG均明显升高(P<0.05),而尿IgG无显著差异;原发性高血压Ⅱ期组尿MA、TRF、α1-MG显著升高(P<0.01),尿IgG明显升高.结论:尿微量蛋白的测定是发现早期肾损害的敏感指标.     

尿微量蛋白检测对儿童过敏性紫癜的意义

目的探讨过敏性紫癜（HSP）患儿肾损害早期诊断的实验室指标。方法对53例多次尿常规检查正常的HSP患儿通过检测尿免疫球蛋白（IgG）、尿微量白蛋白（MA）、尿液转铁蛋白（TRF）、尿α1微球蛋白（α1-MG）、尿β2微球蛋白（β2-MG），同时检测血尿素氮（BUN）肌酐（Scr）。结果53例多次尿常规检查正常的HSP患儿，尿高分子量蛋白（IgG、MA、TRF）检测异常者占73．58％。尿低分子量蛋白（α1-MG、β2-MG）检测异常者占75．47％。尿微量蛋白（IgG、MA、TRF、α1-MG、β2-MG）5项指标综合检测异常者占86．79％。结论尿微量蛋白是早期诊断HSP肾损害的良好指标。尿微量蛋白（IgG、MA、TRF、α1-MG、β2-MG）5项指标综合检测，因其检测简易、安全、费用少，可作为临床早期诊断、早期治疗、早期干预治疗以降低肾损伤程度的依据。     

尿微量蛋白测定对新生儿窒息后肾损伤的临床意义

目的：探讨检测新生儿尿中白蛋白(MA)、α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、免疫球蛋白(IgG)的含量对新生儿肾损伤的临床意义。方法采集38例窒息足月新生儿,其中轻度窒息20例,重度窒息18例;31例正常足月新生儿在出生后24 h内的新鲜尿液,用免疫比浊法检测尿微量蛋白含量,并同时用全自动生化分析仪检测两组新生儿血尿素氮和肌酐水平。结果窒息新生儿尿中MA、α1-MG、TRF、IgG均明显高于正常组(P<0.05),重度窒息组TRF、α1-MG明显高于轻度窒息组(P<0.05)。结论测定尿MA、α1-MG、TRF、IgG对早期评价窒息新生儿肾损伤有临床意义,临床开展尿微量蛋白检测可以判断新生儿窒息后肾损伤情况。     

慢性肾小球肾炎尿胱蛋白酶抑制剂C检测的临床意义

目的探讨检测慢性肾小球肾炎患者尿液中胱蛋白酶抑制剂C(CysC)的临床意义。方法用ELISA方法检测尿液中微量白蛋白(mALB)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、α1-微球蛋白(α1-—MG)、CysC浓度。结果47例慢性肾小球肾炎患者尿Cysc、mALB、TRF、IgG、RBP及α1-MG排泄量较对照组显著增高，相关分析显示尿CysC与RBP、α1-MG呈显著相关。结论尿CysC可作为诊断肾小管损伤的又一可靠指标，联合检测尿mALB、IgG、TRF可反映肾脏损害的程度。     

四种尿特定蛋白在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的应用

目的：探讨尿A1b、TRF、IgG、α-MG对于糖尿病肾病(DN)早期诊断的价值。方法：利用速率散射免疫比浊法测定了58例常规尿蛋白阴性的糖尿病患者4种尿微量蛋白的含量。结果：糖尿病患者4种微量蛋白的水平显著高于正常对照者水平(P值均＜0.05)，糖尿病患者尿A1b、TRF、IgG、α1-MG的阳性率分别为31．03％、32，76％、37，93％和50％。结论：联合测定尿A1b、TRF、IgG、α1-MG有助于DN的早期诊断，α1-MG是早期诊断DN的最敏感指标。     

不同尿蛋白成分测定对早期糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的应用受试者工作曲线(ROC曲线)评价尿α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的测定对早期糖尿病肾病的诊断价值。方法 2型糖尿病病人210例,根据尿微量清蛋白(m-Alb)与尿肌酐(Cr)比值分为正常蛋白尿组116例和微量清蛋白尿组94例,以110例健康体检者作为正常对照组。检测各组晨尿中m-Alb、α1-MG、TRF、β2-MG和IgG的含量。运用Pearson相关进行相关性分析,绘制ROC曲线并计算曲线下面积(AUC)。结果尿α1-MG、TRF和IgG与尿m-Alb水平呈显著正相关(r=0.325~0.461,P<0.01),而尿β2-MG与尿m-Alb水平则无明显相关性(r=0.111,P>0.05)。尿α1-MG、TRF和IgG诊断糖尿病肾病的AUC分别为0.721、0.865和0.849。结论尿α1-MG、TRF和IgG可作为糖尿病肾病的早期诊断标志物。     

尿微量蛋白在早期糖尿病肾病中的诊断意义

目的探讨尿微量白蛋白（MA）、尿转铁蛋白（TRF）、尿β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）和尿α1-微球蛋白（α1-MG）在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的意义。方法采用免疫比浊法测定82例2型糖尿病患者及80名健康人24h尿中MA、TRF、β2-MG、α1-MG含量,比较四者在糖尿病肾病筛选中的价值。结果糖尿病病程小于5年组,尿24hα1-MG、β2-MG含量与健康对照组相比明显增加;糖尿病病程5～10年组,尿24hMA、TRF、β2-MG和α1-MG含量与健康对照组相比明显增加;在尿微量白蛋白正常的糖尿病患者中,尿24hTRF、β2-MG和α1-MG含量增高的百分比分别为29.23%,50.77%,61.54%。结论糖尿病肾病早期肾小球和肾小管都有-定程度的损害,尿TRF、β2-MG和α1-MG较尿MA出现更早,测定尿TRF较尿MA更敏感,测定尿TRF、α1-MG、β2-MG和MA,有助于全面评估糖尿病肾病（DN）的肾损害,早期诊断DN。     

2型糖尿病患者尿微量蛋白检测的临床意义探讨

目的 通过检测2型糖尿病患者尿微量蛋白，探讨其在诊断早期糖尿病肾病中的意义，以指导临床及早期预防。方法 测定157例2型糖尿病患者24小时尿白蛋白，视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP），转铁蛋白（TRF），免疫球蛋白G（IgG),α1-微球蛋白（α1－MG），观察其结果变化。结果 正常白蛋白尿组尿TRF较正常对照组明显升高，尿RBP，IgG,α1-MG无明显升高，微量白蛋白尿组尿TRF，RBP，IgG,α1-MG均明显升高，大量白蛋白尿组升高更为显著。结论 尿微量蛋白检测可作为诊断早期糖尿病肾病的参考指标。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.