APAAP免疫印迹技术对抗副流感病毒1，3型单克隆抗体识别抗原表位的研究

副流感病毒１，３型（ＰａｒａｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｚａＶｉｒｕｓｔｙｐｅ１，３：ＰＩＶ＿１．３）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）应用免疫印迹技术（Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ）识别抗原表位特性。结果表明：ＰＩＶ＿１．３抗原经还原剂处理后，ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ５％～１５％梯度胶电泳，能分辨二十多条清晰的蛋白带。转印后采用碱性磷酸酶抗碱性磷酸酶复合物（ＡＰＡＡＰ）染色，本底浅，呈玫瑰红色带，优于ＨＲＰ染色结果。ＰＩＶ＿１的５株ＭｃＡｂ：ＩＣ＿５、ＩＨ＿６、ＩＨ＿２、ＩＣ＿１０、３Ｄ＿５分别与６８ｋＤ～５０ｋＤ、６８ｋＤ、５８ｋＤ～２７ｋＤ、５５ｋＤ～５０ｋＤ、５０ｋＤ对应ＰＩＶ＿１的蛋白质抗原表位起反应。ＰＩＶ＿３的６株ＭｃＡｂ：２Ａ＿１０、５Ｇ＿３、２Ｄ＿１１、２Ｅ＿１０、２Ｂ＿１２、４Ｆ＿１２与７０ｋＤ、６８ｋＤ、６０ｋＤ～５０ｋＤ、５５ｋｐ～４０ｋＤ、５５ｋＤ、４０ｋＤ对应的蛋白质抗原表位特异结合，说明ＰＩＶ＿１．３的１１株ＭｃＡｂ同对应抗原表位点的结合分布较广，有利于对ＰＩＶ＿１．３抗原的快速、敏感、特异检测。     

单核细胞趋化蛋白－1在大肠杆菌中的表达

将人单核细胞趋化蛋白－１（ＭＣＰ－１）的ｃＤＮＡ插入融合蛋白表达载体ｐＧＥＸ－４Ｔ－１中，构建成质粒ｐＧＥＸ／ＭＣＰ转化大肠杆菌ＪＭ１０９，经ＩＰＴＧ诱导后合成ＧＳＴ－ＭＣＰ－１融合蛋白。用１２％ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ检测在３０ｋＤ左右有新生蛋白条带出现，表达量约占菌体总蛋白的３１．７％。趋化实验证明，该产物具备明确的单核细胞趋化活性。     

中国版纳猪MHCI类P1分子全长的原核表达与纯化

目的：获得原核表达的中国版纳猪ＳＬＡＩ类Ｐ１蛋白质分子。方法：ＰＣＲ扩增去信号肽的ＳＬＡＩ类Ｐ１ｃＤＮＡ序列，亚克隆至ｐＧＥＭＴ载体，测序。将亚克隆的Ｐ１　ｃＤＮＡ片段插入表达载体ｐＥＴ４２ｂ（＋），构建重组表达质粒ｐＥＴ－４２ｂ（＋）／ｓｌａ－ｐｌ，转化Ｅ·ｃｏｌｉ表达菌 ＢＬ２１－ＣｏｄｏｎＰｌｕｓ（ＤＥ３）－ＲＩＬ，ＩＰＴＧ诱导 Ｐ１－８ ｘ ｈｉｓ融合蛋白表达，经包涵体洗涤，８ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ尿素变性溶解，Ｎｉ２＋亲和层析，梯度透析后，定量保存。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ、ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ鉴定目的蛋白的表达与纯化。结果：目的蛋白（分子量３９．５ ｋＤ）表达量占细菌总蛋白 １５％，每升表达菌获得纯度９５％的目的蛋白 ４０ ｍｇ～６０ｍｇ。结论：成功建立猪 ＳＬＡ分子全长原核表达、纯化体系，为建立间接识别猪移植抗原ＳＬＡＩ类分子的人Ｔ细胞系及表位分析打下基础。     

环核苷酸及［Ca~（2＋）］i介导β－内啡肽刺激大鼠巨噬细胞IL－1的分泌

本实验初步观察β－ＥＰ刺激ＩＬ－１分泌的第二信使，培养的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，分别加入β－ＥＰ（１）组、β－ＥＰ＋ＮＬＸ（２）组、β－Ｅｐ＋ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ（３）组、β－ＥＰ＋亚甲兰（１）组、β－ＥＰ＋尼凡地平（５）组、β－ＥＰ＋ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ＋亚甲兰＋尼凡地平（６）组、主理盐水（７）组。２４ｈ后收集巨噬细胞及上清液检测有关指标，发现：第１组细胞内ｃＡＭＰ显著降低，ｃＧＭＰ、［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ明显升高，上清液呈强烈的ＩＬ－１活性；第２、６、７组细胞内ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ、［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］无明显变化，上清液无ＩＬ－１活性；第３、４、５组上清液们有较强的ＩＬ－１活性，而细胞内ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ及［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ呈不同变化，提示：ｃＡＭＰ，ｃＧＭＰ及［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ可能是β－ＥＰ刺激巨噬细胞分泌ＩＬ－１的第二信使。     

GST-人可溶性成纤维细胞生长因子受体1融合蛋白在酵母细胞中的表达及活性测定

目的：表达重组人可溶性成纤维细胞生长因子受体１（ｓｏｌｕｂｌｅ　ｆｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓｔ　ｇｒｏｗｔｈ　ｆａｃｔｏｒ　ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ　１，ｓＦＧＦＲ１），研究其对成纤维细胞生长因子（ＦＧＦ）生物学活性的拮抗作用。方法：采用逆转录－ＰＣＲ（ＰＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术自人肺成纤维细胞获得ｓＦＧＦＲ１　ｃＤＮＡ，测序确证后，将其克隆人酵母细胞表达载体ｐＹＥＸ４Ｔ－１；重组质粒转化入酵母细胞（ＤＹ１５０）中进行诱导表达，表达产物经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ及 Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ　ｂｌｏｔ鉴定。利用 ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞增殖抑制实验检测重组人 ｓＦＧＦＲ１的生物学活性。结果：经 ＣｕＳＯ４诱导，酵母细胞表达出重组谷胱苷肽转移酶（ＧＳＴ）－ｓＦＧＦＲ１融合蛋白，此蛋白在凝胶上表现为 １条约 ６０ｋＤ的阳性区带，在 Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ实验中可被ＧＳＴ特异性抗体识别。重组ＧＳＴ－ｓＦＧＦＲ１融合蛋白的粗提物在体外能够桔抗ＦＧＦ介导的促ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞增殖的活性。结论：重组ＧＳＴ－ｓＦＧＦＲ１融合蛋白在酵母表达系统中得到有效表达，并具有很好的生物活性。     

SRBC膜提取物对猪PBMNC第二信使的影响

胰酶水解绵羊红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）释放膜表面活性蛋白组分Ⅲ（ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ），单独作用可使猪外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＮＣ）胞内ｃＡＭＰ水平升高，以１００μｇ／ｍｌ浓度刺激达最高峰，由对照组０．９４±０．１４ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ升高到２．７５±０．２５ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。如果ＰＢＭＮＣ事先与腺苷酸环化酶（ＡＣａｓｅ）抑制剂ＬｉC１孵育后再以ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ或ＰＡＨ刺激。ｃＡＭＰ增高受到抑制（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而ＥＤＴＡ－２Ｎａ（一种磷酸二酯酶ＰＤＥ抑制剂）对此ｃＡＭＰ升高无影响。结果提示，此ｃＡＭＰ升高主要是通过活化ＡＣａｓｅ水解ＡＴＰ生成ｃＡＭＰ，而不像是抑制ＰＤＥ减少ｃＡＭＰ降解引起的。ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ诱导猪ＰＢＭＮＣ胞内Ｃａ~(２＋)浓度升高，以１００μｇ／ｍｌ刺激２分钟升高最多，由对照组的２４２±７ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ升高到３２３±１５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。以ＥＧ－ＴＡ除去胞外Ｃａ~(２＋)再以ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ或ＰＡＨ刺激，仅观察到小范围［Ｃａ~(２＋)］ｉ升高。看来这一过程包括了刺激胞内Ｃａ~(２＋)释放和胞外Ｃａ~(２＋)内流两种方式。以上结果证明，ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ对淋巴细胞功能影响与细胞内第二信使有关。     

单核细胞趋化蛋白—1在大肠杆菌中的表达

将人单核细胞趋化蛋白－１（ＭＣＰ－１）的ｃＤＮＡ插入融合蛋白表达载体ｐＧＥＸ－４Ｔ－１中，构建成质粒ｐＧＥＸ／ＭＣＰ转化大肠杆菌ＪＭ１０９，经ＩＰＴＧ诱导后合成ＧＳＴ－ＭＣＰ－１融合蛋白。用１２％ＳＣＳ－ＰＡＧＥ检测在３０ｋＤ左右有新生蛋白条带出现，表达量约占菌体总蛋白的３１．７％，趋化实验证明，该产物具备明确的单核细胞趋化活性。     

抗远缘链球菌OMZ176表面蛋白抗原（220kD）单克隆抗体的制备

采用远缘链球菌ＯＭＺ１７６（ｄ血清型）全菌细胞作抗原，通过免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，细胞融合，杂交瘤细胞的筛选及亚克隆，最终获得抗远缘链球菌ＯＭＺ１７６表面蛋白抗原（２２０ｋＤ）的单克隆抗体（Ｗｃ３Ａ６）。结果表明：ＭｃＡｂ的Ｉｇ及亚类鉴定为ＩｇＧ２ａ，ＥＬＩＳＡ效价１：８０００，Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ Ｂ１－ｏｔｉｎｇ鉴定可见ＭｃＡｂ与２２０ｋＤ蛋白抗原发生特异性结合。与变形链球菌ＭＴ６Ｒ（Ｃ血清型）有弱的     

寻常性天疱疮抗原EC1-2和EC3-4表位的分子克隆与蛋白表达

目的：克隆并表达寻常性天疱疮抗原（ＰＶＡ,即桥粒芯糖蛋白－３）的ＥＣ１－２和ＥＣ３－４表位,用于通过血清学方法特异性诊断天疱疮和了解ＰＶＡ的表位与抗ＰＶＡ抗体间的联系。方法：从角朊细胞抽提ＲＮＡ,逆转录合成ｃＤＮＡ,扩增目的基因ＥＣ１－２和ＥＣ３－４后与质粒载体ＰＧＥＸ－４Ｔ－１连接,电转导入大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１,经ＩＰＴＧ诱导后表达ＥＣ１－２和ＥＣ３－４融合蛋白,ＳＤＳ－ＰＳＧＥ电泳后转移至硝酸纤素     

分泌抗金黄色葡萄球菌C1型肠毒素杂交瘤细胞系的建立及初步应用

应用常规方法建立了３株稳定分泌抗金黄色葡萄球菌Ｃ１型肠毒素（ＳＥＣ１）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）的小鼠杂交瘤细胞系Ｂ３、Ｃ４和Ｇ８。其中Ｂ３和Ｃ４均为ＩｇＧ１（ｋ），Ｇ８为ＩｇＧ２ａ（ｋ）。Ｂ３和Ｇ８与ＳＥＡ，ＳＥＢ及ＳＥＤ均无交叉反应；Ｃ４虽与ＳＥＡ和ＳＥＤ无交叉反应，但与ＳＥＢ有交叉反应。间接ＥＬＩＳＡ测定小鼠腹水效价为１０＾－５～１０＾－８。应用识别不同表位的ＭｃＡｂ建立了双ＭｃＡｂ夹心ＥＬＩＳ     

灰鹤(Grus grus)消化系统各器官蛋白水解酶的种类和活性研究

目的 研究灰鹤(Grus grus)消化系统各器官蛋白水解酶的种类和性质,为探讨野生鸟类的分类地位、系统演化提供基础资料.方法 采用蛋白水解酶复性电泳(G-PAGE)技术.结果 1.灰鹤消化系统蛋白水解酶种类多,在各种pH条件下,共计有26种;2.灰鹤消化系统蛋白水解酶的活性受pH值的影响和制约,在中性条件下酶活性最强,酸性条件下最弱,总的酶活性表现为中性＞碱性＞酸性;3.同一器官在不同的pH条件下,蛋白水解酶的种类和活性有较大的变化,不同器官蛋白水解酶的最适pH条件各不相同;4.在各种pH条件下,19 kD酶带普遍存在于除腺胃以外的各器官中,在中性条件下,各消化器官都分布有66和22 kD两条酶带.结论 灰鹤消化系统蛋白水解酶的最适pH为7.0;66、22、19 kD酶带的分布、活性及pH依赖性特点是灰鹤消化系统蛋白水解酶的主要特征.     

太行山猕猴下颌骨的异速生长分析

目的：探讨太行山猕猴下颌骨随年龄变化的形态学改变,为太行山猕猴的体质学、医学实验、进一步确定其分类地位提供可靠的依据。方法：30例太行山猕猴下颌骨标本,按其齿序及牙齿磨损程度的不同分成6组,并对其18项变量进行了测量、统计和分析。结果：下颌骨的有关变量与齿序和牙齿磨损程度成异速生长,即有关变量在生长、发育过程中的变化与其年龄相关,并且不同变量在不同年龄段呈现不同的生长模式。结论：下颌体各变量的变化趋势与其功能是相适应的,与猕猴的食物组成和其取食习性亦具有相关关系。     

A Retroperitoneal Sympathetic Paraganglioma Invading the Duodenum and Mimicking a Submucosal Tumor

We report a case of an autopsy of unusual retroperitoneal sympathetic paraganglioma (SPG) that directly invaded the duodenum and showed expansive growth mimicking a submucosal tumor. The tumor was clinically suspected to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the duodenum because of its location and extension to the retroperitoneum without catecholamine-associated symptoms. However, a small biopsy specimen of the tumor showed diffuse proliferation of large basophilic cells that were negative for C-kit and CD34, ruling out GIST and indicating an epithelial malignancy. An autopsy revealed that the tumor was mainly in the retroperitoneum, measuring 7.5 x 9.5 cm, weighing 600 g and extending into the duodenum, adjacent to the pancreas but free of the adrenal glands. On cut section, the tumor involved the entire wall of the duodenum. There were no metastases in any organs. For differential diagnosis, endocrine tumors of the duodenum or pancreas and extra-adrenal SPG were considered. The tumor cells were immunohistochemically strongly positive for chromogranin A and were surrounded by cells positive for S100 protein. The Ki67-labeling index was under 1%. The four catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes were detected in the tumor cells. We report this case of SPG with emphasis on differential diagnosis and the significance of its local invasion.     

Growth of organs and tissues in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae

Growth of some internal organs and tissues was studied in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in order to provide baseline information on the growth process during the first posthatching stages of fish, and to compare the trend observed in fish to that known in other animals. Growth of organs and tissues (liver, pancreas, trunk muscles, digestive tract, eyes, nervous system) was studied in rapidly growing carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae by means of a quantitative histological method. Mean body weight of carp larvae rose from 1.8 mg at 2 days to 50.4 mg at 18 days. Between 4 and 18 days after hatching (yolk exhausted; exogenous food only), the average specific growth rates of organs were around 31% per day for the liver and pancreas, 28% per day for the trunk muscles, 26% per day for the digestive tract (without lumen) and 19% per day for the eyes and nervous system. Compared to the total volume of tissues, liver (k = 1.19), pancreas (k = 1.19), and trunk muscles (k = 1.09) showed positive allometry, digestive tract showed isometry (k = 1.00), and eyes (k = 0.76) and the nervous system (k = 0.73) showed negative allometry. This study demonstrated that the growth process of some organs (i.e. liver, pancreas and digestive tract) is different between larval and older stages of carp, and that the development of carp larvae exhibit the same order of allometry coefficients as do certain mammals (e.g. rabbit and lamb) in their early postnatal stages: nervous tissue, digestive tract, muscular tissue, liver.     

猕猴掌(跖)骨长度与质量的性差比较

目的:探讨太行山猕猴掌(跖)骨长度与质量间性别差异.方法:对29例(13雄,16雌)成年太行山猕猴的掌(跖)骨长度和质量进行测量.采用SPSS 13.0软件,用方差分析、判别分析和主成分分析等对掌骨和跖骨长度和质量的性别差异进行比较.结果:猕猴掌骨和跖骨长度或质量的性差显著.长度变量性差大于质量变量性差;掌骨长度或质量的性差大于跖骨长度或质量的性差.结论:猕猴掌骨和跖骨长度或质量性差大小不同.这种性差的起源可能与生命早期的性激素水平有关.     

Immunohistochemical localization of translationally controlled tumor protein in the mouse digestive system

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a housekeeping protein, highly conserved among various species. It plays a major role in cell differentiation, growth, proliferation, apoptosis and carcinogenesis. Studies reported so far on TCTP expression in different digestive organs have not led to any understanding of the role of TCTP in digestion, so we localized TCTP in organs of the mouse digestive system employing immunohistochemical techniques. Translationally controlled tumor protein was found expressed in all organs studied: tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver and pancreas. The expression of TCTP was found to be predominant in epithelia and neurons of myenteric nerve ganglia; high in serous glands (parotid, submandibular, gastric, intestinal crypts, pancreatic acini) and in neurons of myenteric nerve ganglia, and moderate to low in epithelia. In epithelia, expression of TCTP varied depending on its type and location. In enteric neurons, TCTP was predominantly expressed in the processes. Translationally controlled tumor protein expression in the liver followed porto‐central gradient with higher expression in pericentral hepatocytes. In the pancreas, TCTP was expressed in both acini and islet cells. Our finding of nearly universal localization and expression of TCTP in mouse digestive organs points to the hitherto unrecognized functional importance of TCTP in the digestive system and suggests the need for further studies of the possible role of TCTP in the proliferation, secretion, absorption and neural regulation of the digestive process and its importance in the physiology and pathology of digestive process.     

High polymorphism of Mhc-E locus in non-human primates: alleles with identical exon 2 and 3 are found in two different species

Thirteen Mhc-E new sequences were found in eight individuals belonging to the Cercopithecinae family, i.e.: Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis and Cercopithecus aethiops when studying E locus polymorphism. No changes were found in the invariant residues which are required for the correct conformation of the peptide presenting region which are conserved in classical Mhc class I molecules from fish and reptiles to humans; however, polymorphism of Mhc-E alleles is not limited to the three typical hypervariable regions per domain as it is in classical class I alleles. The rate of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions in the DNA sequence corresponding to the antigen binding site, compared to the remainder ofexons 2 and 3 shows that the peptide-binding site is under high evolutionary pressure for stability since only synonymous substitutions have been found to be accepted in apes. Also, a clear example of trans-species evolution of allelism is found: two identical exon 2 and exon 3 sequences there exist belonging to individuals from different species ( Mamu-Mhc-E*0101 and Mafa-Mhc-E*04 ). In addition, two Macaca mulatta individuals show an Mhc-E locus duplication. Finally, phylogenetic tree analysis shows that Mhc class I molecules found in Saguinus oedipus (described as Mhc-G homologues) are closer to Mhc-E sequences.     

重组人纽兰格林对正常恒河猴心脏的影响

探索重组人纽兰格林对健康成年恒河猴心脏的作用.将10只健康成年实验恒河猴随机分为实验组及对照组,分别注射等量重组人纽兰格林及生理盐水,采用超声心动图对用药前、用药即刻60 s内及用药10 d后相关指标进行测量,比较两组之间及不同时间之间各指标的差异.结果表明:重组人纽兰格林对健康实验恒河猴的舒张末期左室内径及容积、收缩末期左室容积、每搏量有影响,且随着用药时间的延长4者均增大,而重组人纽兰格林对健康恒河猴的左室射血分数及短轴缩短率没有显著影响.本研究认为重组人纽兰格林对健康成年恒河猴左心室容积有影响,而对心肌收缩力无显著影响.     

Motilin-immunoreactive cells in the duodenum, pyloric stomach and pancreas of caimans (Caiman latirostris and Caiman crocodilus, alligatorinae): a further comparison using region-specific motilin antisera

Motilin-immunoreactive cells in the duodenum, pyloric stomach and pancreas of Caiman latirostris and Caiman crocodilus were investigated using region specific antisera for porcine and canine motilin molecules. Motilin-immunoreactive cells were found in the duodenum, pyloric stomach and pancreas of both caiman species. These cells were primarily open-type endocrine ones in the epithelium of the duodenum and pyloric stomach. Motilin-immunoreactive cells were observed in both the exocrine and endocrine portions of the pancreas, and frequently exhibited one or more cytoplasmic processes of variable length. Since motilin-immunoreactive cells do not cross-react with serotonin or any of the other pancreatic and gut hormones, they are considered to be cell type independent from any of the other known pancreatic or gut endocrine cells. The molecular similarity between caiman motilin and porcine and canine motilins and the heterogeneity of the motilin molecule in the caiman digestive system is discussed.     

Tissue tropism of a Thailand strain of high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H5N1) in tissues of naturally infected native chickens (Gallus gallus), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and ducks (Anas spp.).

The tropism of a Thailand strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus was demonstrated on tissues (lung, trachea, heart, liver, spleen, pancreas, rectum, kidney, brain, skeletal muscle, duodenum, and oviduct) from naturally infected native chickens (Gallus gallus), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and ducks (Anas spp.) by indirect immunofluorescence assay. In chickens and quail, the distribution and localization of nucleoprotein viral antigen was similar and detected at the highest level in cardiac myocytes, at 88% (chickens) and 89% (quail), and respiratory, digestive and urinary systems all showed high levels of antigen. Antigen in duck tissues were detected at significantly lower levels (P < 0.05) with the exception of brain and skeletal muscle samples. In most cases, antigen in duck tissue was absent in the digestive organs but present in respiratory organs, which supports the hypothesis that aerosol and oral-oral transmission are the main method of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus transmission from this species.