世行贷款中国农村贫困地区基本卫生服务项目妇幼保健干预的经济学评价

对世界银行贷款中国农村贫困地区基本卫生服务项目(卫生Ⅷ项目)中妇幼保健干预的经济学评价，评价其实施成本、效果和效益、认为卫生Ⅷ项目开展的妇幼保健干预的效益是明显的、研究结果显示：(1）根据本研究得到的成本-效果比值，推测该妇幼保健干预使项目县产前保健率、住院分娩率、产后保健率、新法接生率增高1个百分点的成本范围分别是1803．44～89570．00元、6591．14～226195．58元、3792．16～172339．49元、3559．76～197926．15元，(2)根据本研究得到的成本效果比值，推测该妇幼保健干预使项目县孕产妇死亡率降低1／10万的成本范围是：1401．71～120275．83元，使婴儿死亡率降低1／1000的成本范围是3743．25～1859065．73元。(3)1999年以后开始妇幼保健干预的QJ、WX及KL3个县的社会效益-成本比值分别为18．62、0．07和17．85；家庭效益-成本比值分别为7．06、0．14和2．29，其他11个项目县均为1998年开始妇幼保健干预，其社会效益-成本比值的中位数是38．46，范围是0～397．48；家庭效益-成本比值的中位数是8.84，范围是1．87～219．70。     

贫困地区妇幼保健服务利用能力评价

当前我国贫困地区的公共卫生问题比较突出。本文以典型调查方法,对贵州省某贫困县的妇幼保健工作情况进行调查分析,随着社会的发展,该县的妇幼保健服务利用能力有了一定程度的提高和改善,妇幼医疗保健技术和水平基本可以满足当地需求,农村孕产妇保健覆盖面扩大,儿童计划免疫和系统管理工作得到加强。但与全国相比还存在差距,特别是村妇幼保健工作有待进一步提高,妇幼保健财政投入应得到加强。     

浅谈贫困地区县级妇幼保健机构的现状及发展思路

新中国成立后，特别是改革开放２０年来，妇幼卫生事业取得了长足进步。但是，随着改革开放的深入和市场经济的建立，以社会效益为主的妇幼卫生事业明显滞后于其他产业的发展，贫困地区县级妇幼保健机构尤为突出，严重地影响到妇幼卫生事业的健康发展，甚至危及到部分县级...     

南京市栖霞区基层妇幼保健现状调查

南京市栖霞区地处南京市区东北城郊,是城乡结合部,经济水平较发达,基本实现了现代化,妇幼保健事业发展形势良好,但少数乡镇基层妇幼卫生工作相对较落后。近年来区政府高度重视,在财政上给予专项补助,妇幼卫生队伍建设取得长足进展,卫生信息网络健全,各项妇幼保健工作得到了积极     

中西部贫困地区母亲妇幼保健知识、态度及行为研究

目的:了解西部农村地区3岁以下儿童母亲孕产期保健和儿童保健的知识、态度和行为现状,为今后制定健康教育方案、有效开展健康活动提供依据。方法:在母子系统保健项目9个项目县中随机抽取118名3岁以下儿童母亲进行专题小组访谈。结果:受访者对产前检查的知晓率较高,但能够正确接受产前检查的比例较低;母亲对儿童保健相关知识了解不足,不能对儿童进行正确的喂养、发育监测等相关保健。结论:建议加强对孕产妇和儿童家长的健康教育,特别是参与式健康教育,使其了解更多的孕产期保健和儿童保健相关知识,能够主动接受相关服务和采纳健康行为。     

基层妇幼保健工作现状

1996年6月1日起,《中华人民共和国母婴保健法》在全国实施,为全面开展妇幼保健工作提供了法律依据。几年来,在各级政府领导下,卫生主管部门分级分类管理,投入相对增加,专业机构和队伍不断扩大,使妇幼保健事业有了长足的进步。新法接生率、住院分娩率提高了,孕产妇死亡率、婴儿死亡率呈现了下降趋势,为增进母婴健康,提高我国人口素质发挥了积极作用。我国是一个有9亿农民的发展中国家。城乡差别很大,多数农村的经济、文化、卫生水平仍然较低。在改革开放不断深化,市场经济体制逐渐建成的过程中,基层妇幼保健工作面临着新考验。笔者依据近几年…     

三级妇幼保健机构卫生资源状况分析

通过对各级妇幼保健机构卫生资源状况的分析, 发现卫生资源配置规模由高到低的顺序依次为省级、地级和县级妇幼保健机构; 从卫生资源的配置水平上看, 县级妇幼保健机构卫生资源水平最低, 今后要加强县级妇幼保健机构的建设,提高其卫生资源配置水平。     

2002年基层卫生与妇幼保健工作进展

2000年,基层卫生与妇幼保健工作以“三个代表”重要思想为指导,以加强农村卫生为重点,全面推进社区卫生、妇幼卫生、健康教育工作,各项改革与建设都取得了新的进展。1 关于农村卫生工作 2002年10月19日,《中共中央、国务院关于进一步加强农村卫生工作的决定》(以卜简称《决定》)的下发,标志着我国的农村卫生工作迈入了新的发展时期。《决定》是指导当前和今后一段时期农村卫生工作的纲领性文件,对于改革和发展农村卫生事业以及全面建设小康社会,具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。     

合理规划卫生资源促进贫困地区农村卫生事业发展

区域卫生规划是通过对区域内的卫生资源进行全行业管理，合理配置卫生资源，从而提高卫生资源的利用效率．满足当地居民的卫生需求。我省在实施卫生Ⅷ项目的过程中对12个项目县实施了县级卫生资源规划．使贫困地区有限的卫生资源得到了合理的配置，提高了卫生资源的利用效率，总结了我们的基本做法、取得的成绩、经验和实施县级卫生资源规划中的体会。     

云南农村生育健康服务资源的现状

通过对云南省4县11个乡(镇)有代表性的个案调查发现:4县社会经济均有明显发展,政府拨出的生育健康服务费用也在逐年增加,但不平衡。调查4县中县、乡、村三级生育健康服务机构健全,县级机构有足够的卫技人员,有为开展生育健康服务所必需的医疗设备、床位及业务用房。乡级生育健康服务资源不如县级,专业人员很少,设备也很简陋。4县按人口平均卫技人员数量不少,然而生育健康专业人员素质偏低,尤其是乡村两级有待培训提高。如何改革云南农村现行生育健康服务体制及经营机制,提高生育健康服务的效率和效益,值得进一步研究。     

Client Satisfaction on Maternal and Child Health Services in Rural Bengal

Background:

Services are being provided by health functionaries to the community with the objective of fulfilling their satisfaction but sometimes this is not working for the target population.

Objectives:

The study was conducted to assess the satisfaction of clients′ receiving maternal and child health services and to elicit clients′ suggestion for improving the services.

Materials and Methods:

Anexit interview was employed to collect data using a predesigned and pretested schedule.

Results:

Most of the populations were adult clients. In respect of satisfaction, responses of the clients were either satisfactory (54.31%) or good (23.56%) on maternal and child health services; ‘poor or very poor around 20% and it was significantly worse in respect of satisfaction’. Most of the clients (63.06 to 73.94%) expressed their responses as satisfactory and good regarding the assessment of doctors and it was significant. Most of them (73.31%) expressed satisfactory “response” on the quality of services given by nursing staffs. Suggestions of clients for improving the level of satisfactionwere sought and in this respect, response was little.

Conclusions:

Mostly satisfactory observations on maternal and child health services were found in respect of clients'' satisfaction and there was scope to improve the quality and quantity of services, and accordingly actions may be taken in the working field.     

世界银行—云南省妇幼卫生扶贫资金研究的设计及方法学特点

世界银行-云南省妇幼卫生扶贫资金为了解保预期目标的实现及研究的科学性,除了常规的研究设计外,还特别采用了妇幼卫生相关的生育健康领域中正在兴起的一种研究方法-运作式研究,此外,将世界银行-云南省妇幼卫生扶贫资金研究视为一个特殊的项目,又采用了发展领域及项目工作的一种有效工具-参与性规划,在简要回顾了这两种扶贫资金研究视为一个特殊的项目,又采用了发展领域及项目工作的一种有效工具-参与性规划,在简要回顾了这两种国内尚未广泛使用的研究方法之后,阐述了世界银行-云南省妇幼卫生扶贫资金研究设计的总体考虑。     

Enhancing Technology Skills of Maternal and Child Health Professionals

Objective: Information technology skills are essential for effective and efficient practice in maternal and child health (MCH). Methods: Prior to the beginning of a web-based analytic skills training course, enrolled MCH professionals confidence in using e-mail and other Internet skills and beliefs about their usefulness were assessed. Results: The assessment showed that participants believed strongly in the value of the specific technology skills but confidence in the ability to use these skills was low. Conclusion: An online technology skills training module was developed based on skills needed for the course to ensure that course participants learned and practiced the technology skills necessary to successfully complete the online analytic skills course. We describe the development, implementation, and results of the online technology skills module.All work for this paper was carried out at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina     

妇幼卫生现场调查中的数据质量问题

９０年代以来，在全国范围内已进行了多次不同内容、不同规模的抽样调查。随着抽 样调查工作的开展，如何评价样本对总体的代表性，样本的代表性与现场工作的可行性如何结合， 如何检查数据的漏报与误报；如何校正出生率和死亡率等问题随之提出。本文就以上问题，结合我 们近几年在从事妇幼卫生现场抽样调查工作中的实际浅谈部分意见，相信对从事这方面工作的同 事将会有一定的参考价值。     

世界银行—云南省妇幼卫生扶贫资金服务的利用

分析,比较了世界银行－云南省妇幼夫贫资金项目实施前后1年间,3个经济水平组常规孕产妇保健服务的利用情况,结果显示：妇幼卫生扶贫资金促进了特困,次贫困家庭（南润）的孕产妇对常规孕产妇保健服务的利用,提高了其对服务的利用率。     

陕西省某地区农村卫生人员的配置现状研究

目的通过对陕西省某地区卫生人力资源数据进行分析,了解该地区卫生人力资源的现状,发现存在的问题,提出解决问题的对策。方法相关数据来源于2009年陕西省卫生人力资源数据库,经对数据清洗、添加指标的值标签和计算相应的衍生指标等手段,使用SPSS13.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果数据分布结果显示:在县乡卫生人员中女性居多,占60.39%。职称分布以士级、初级和中级居多,分别占39.13%、27.93%和23.65%。学历分布以大学专科及专科学校和中专及中技居多,分别占34.64%和45.61%。每千人口拥有执业(助理)医师数平均水平是0.92人,医护比平均为1∶0.97。结论卫生人员职称和学位、每千人口拥有执业(助理)医师数和每千人口拥有注册护士数偏低、卫生人员医护配置不够合理。     

The Shifting Sands for Applicants to Maternal and Child Health Training Programs

Objective: Anecdotal evidence suggests that fewer students today than in decades past are applying to maternal and child health (MCH) graduate training programs with previous clinical degrees. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which applicants accepted to an MCH training program demonstrated a shift away from the tradition of having a prior health professional degree and discuss options needed to provide responsive training. Methods: Twenty years of demographic face sheet data (1983 through 2002) for admitted applicants to the MCH training program at the University of South Florida College of Public Health were examined. Results: Quantitative analysis of admission records confirmed the anecdotal data. Today's applicants are more likely to possess undergraduate nonclinical backgrounds rather than clinical health professional training. Statistically significant differences were found between the students with clinical and without clinical degrees for ethnicity, GRE score, GPA, and the length of time needed to complete the MPH degree. Conclusion: Adjustments in MCH curricula may be necessary to be responsive to the shifting sands of clinical and public health work experience among program applicants. However, curriculum modifications need to be ones that maintain the zeal of the new generation of MCH students without diluting the rigor of traditional professional preparation. Some possible responses of training programs are suggested.     

Breaking Away: Advocacy,Education, and the Relationship Between Maternal and Child Health Professionals and the American Public Health Association

Since its founding in 1921, the mission of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Section of the American Public Health Association (APHA) has been to develop innovative and creative approaches to addressing the health needs of mothers, children, and families. However, the growth and structure of APHA have impeded the capacity of MCH Section members to accomplish this mission. An independent organization would enhance the effectiveness of advocacy by MCH professionals and facilitate the dissemination of new strategies to address the needs of mothers and children. Consistent with the evolution of the profession of MCH, MCH professionals should withdraw from APHA and create a freestanding organization.