脑血管危险因素与Alzheimer病

Alzheimer病(AD)是老年期痴呆的一个主要类型,有关AD危险因素的研究已有很多报道,比较一致的认识是,家族史、高龄、女性和雌激素水平的下降可使患AD的危险性增加.最近大量的研究发现,脑血管危险因素,如高血压、ApoE ε4等位基因、冠状动脉疾病、高胆固醇血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症和吸烟等也是AD的危险因素.     

脑血管危险因素与Alzheimer病

Alzheimer病(AD)是老年期痴呆的一个主要类型，有关AD危险因素的研究已有很多报道，比较一致的认识是，家族史、高龄、女性和雌激素水平的下降可使患AD的危险性增加。最近大量的研究发现，脑血管危险因素，如高血压、ApoEε4等位基因、冠状动脉疾病、高胆固醇血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症和吸烟等也是AD的危险因素。     

胰岛素抵抗与缺血性脑血管病

胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）是高血压和冠心病的独立危险因素，但其与缺血性脑血管疾病的研究尚刚刚开展。加强对ＩＲ与缺血性脑血管疾病的关系、发病机制及治疗的研究对今后缺血性脑血管疾病的防治具有重要意义。     

血管危险因素与阿尔茨海默病关系的研究进展

随着我国人口老龄化进程加剧,阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病率呈逐年增高趋势。目前,AD的确切病因尚未明确,其病理机制复杂,且缺乏有效的治疗措施。世界卫生组织(WHO)强调,早期预防在降低AD发病率中起关键作用。有研究表明,血管危险因素(如高血压、糖尿病、心脏疾病等)可导致认知功能减退,增加AD发病风险。因此,了解血管危险因素与认知障碍的关系有助于阻断或延缓认知障碍向AD发展。本文就血管危险因素与AD关系的研究进展进行综述。     

同型半胱氨酸与脑血管病研究进展

目前脑血管病发病率、死亡率、致残率均居首位,动脉粥样硬化是该病发生的病理基础。其危险因素有高血糖、高血脂、糖尿病及慢性炎症等。越来越多的研究资料显示高同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）血症与脑血管疾病有显著的联系,国内外大多数流行病学调查研究资料都证实Hcy水平升高是缺血性脑血管病重要的独立危险因素。本文总结了近年来关于Hcy代谢与脑血管疾病的关系及相关治疗策略,为防治脑血管疾病提供理论参考依据。     

阿尔茨海默病的血管性危险因素

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)和血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VaD)是老年期痴呆最常见的原因.长期以来,医学界把AD和VaD截然分开,认为二者在病因、病理、治疗方面有根本区别,但现在越来越多的证据表明AD与脑血管病变的关系密切,脑血管病变促进AD的发生,加速AD的病程,各种加重血管病变的因素也是AD的危险因素,从而为探讨AD的病因、治疗和预防提供了新的思路和方法,我们就以下几方面进行综述.     

血管因素与阿尔茨海默病关系的研究进展

血管因素在阿尔茨海默病(alzheimer'sdisease,AD)发病机理中的作用正逐渐受到重视,传统β-淀粉样蛋白学说显示出局限性并受到挑战和质疑,AD是一种血管性疾病的新观点被提出,大量的流行病学、临床及基础研究均为此提供了依据,包括:AD的遗传易感基因与脑血管功能改变有关;许多与血管因素或血流动力学相关的危险因素均能增大AD的患病风险;某些能改善脑血管灌注不足的药物治疗亦能改善AD症状等等,血管因素作为新的研究点,给AD的研究课题提出新的挑战和注入新的活力。     

脑血管伴帕金森的相关危险因素的临床观察

目的研究帕金森伴脑血管疾病的危险性因素,为进一步预防脑血管伴帕金森疾病提供依据与参考。方法选取我院2014年3月~2016年3月收治的帕金森患者72例,依据患者是否发生脑血管方面疾病将其分为参照组与实验组,参照组患者不伴有脑血管疾病,实验组伴有脑血管疾病,统计分析两组患者疾病危险因素,依据多因素logistic回归性分析处理单因素结果。结果两组患者在Hcy(半胱氨酸)、HDL-C(高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)、LDL-C(低密度脂蛋白胆固醇)、IMT(颈动脉内中膜厚度)、血糖等指标方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析上述因素之后发现,帕金森伴随脑血管疾病与Hcy、、LDL-C、IMT等之间具有正相关性。结论经临床检测后发现脑血管伴帕金森疾病中Hcy、LDL-C、IMT是独立危险因素,提高了疾病发生危险的可能性。     

Alzheimer病患病率与患者性别的关系

我们以西安地区Alzheimer病(AD)患病率调查资料为基础，分析可能影响性别与AD患病率关系的因素，研究AD与性别的关系，以探讨女性是否为AD的危险因素。     

脑血管变异与缺血性卒中

脑血管结构变异在人群中的发生率较高.既往研究显示,结构变异的脑血管是缺血性卒中的独立危险因素.文章就常见的脑血管变异及其与缺血性卒中的关系进行了综述.     

Periodontal disease and systemic disease

Periodontal diseases are now recognized as bacterial infections among the chronic diseases of humans. The influence of the oral environment on systemic health, especially the periodontium, has long been supported by scientific evidence. However, an evidence base for the influence of periodontal disease on vital organs such as heart, lung has only recently begun to be established. We are hopeful that this information will stimulate new collaborations between physicians and dentist and serve as basis for studies to help improve the total health.     

Lung disease in Niemann-Pick disease

BACKGROUND: Lung involvement in children with Niemann-Pick disease has rarely been studied systematically. OBJECTIVE: To assess the involvement of the lung and the value of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with Niemann-Pick diseases. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of patient records. PATIENTS: Thirteen patients, with type A (n = 1), type B (n = 10), and type C (n = 2) Niemann-Pick disease, aged 2 months to 9 years at diagnosis, were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: Lung involvement was assessed by clinical evaluation, chest radiograph, lung computed tomography (CT) scan, pulmonary function tests, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis. RESULTS: Respiratory symptoms were present at diagnosis in 10 patients and developed during follow up in the three other patients. All patients showed signs of interstitial lung disease on chest X-ray and lung CT scan. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis (n = 7) revealed a marked accumulation of foamy macrophages (Niemann-Pick cells) in all patients. At follow up, one patient died of respiratory failure, five patients required long term oxygen therapy and seven other patients presented a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 6) or chronic cough (n = 1). CONCLUSION: Lung disease was observed in all the patients included in the present study. Bronchoalveolar lavage may be useful in Niemann-Pick diseases by showing the presence of characteristic Niemann-Pick cells.     

Buerger's disease and coronary disease

The authors report the case of a 33 year old man with distal occlusive arterial disease diagnosed as Buerger's disease, with two previous transient ischaemic attacks and coronary disease resulting in myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography showed narrowing of the second segment of the left anterior descending artery, occluded distally and not suitable for revascularisation. The observation of coronary artery disease is very rare in Buerger's disease and data of coronary angiography are very sparse in this context. The occurrence of myocardial infarction and the angiographic appearances of the left anterior descending artery raise the question of coronary involvement of Buerger's disease.     

Hepatobiliary disease in inflammatory bowel disease

Many hepatobiliary diseases are seen in IBD. PSC is the most common, occurring in 7.5% of patients with UC. The cause of PSC is not well understood, but PSC seems to be associated with genetic susceptibility, sharing some immunologic abnormalities with UC. A characteristic cholangiogram in a patient with abnormal liver function tests usually establishes the diagnosis. Liver biopsy is not essential but can help make the diagnosis of small duct PSC in patients with a normal cholangiogram. There are no medications that treat PSC effectively. Endoscopic dilation of dominant strictures reduces the frequency of cholangitis and may improve survival. OLT remains the only proven treatment of advanced PSC. Cholangiocarcinoma is a feared complication of PSC that is difficult to diagnose. Cholelithiasis, PBC, portal vein thrombosis, and hepatic abscess are hepatobiliary disorders that occur less frequently in IBD patients.     

Assessing disease activity and disease activity indices for inflammatory bowel disease

A crucial step in the development of clinical trials to determine the efficacy of various therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been the creation of activity indices. This article reviews the major components and operating characteristics of clinical activity indices commonly used in randomized, controlled trials of IBD therapy. In addition, the paper provides a brief overview of the developmental requirements for any new index.     

Joint disease in inflammatory bowel disease

The joint disorders taxonomically included in the group of seronegative spondyloarthropathies under the generic name of enteropathic arthropathy represent the most frequent extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affecting 33% of patients. Their frequency is similar to that of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Enteropathic arthropathy consists of two main joint alterations, peripheral and axial arthritis, as well as a variable group of other peri-articular disorders. Type 1, or pauciarticular, peripheral arthritis generally coincides with IBD exacerbations, while type 2, or polyarticular, peripheral arthritis follows an independent course from IBD. Axial involvement precedes and follows an independent course from IBD and can behave as ankylosing spondylitis or asymptomatic sacroiliitis. The treatment of these rheumatologic disorders is based on the application of general measures and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents; intraarticular corticosteroid administration may eventually become necessary. Sulphasalazine and/or infliximab, which are indicated when the previously mentioned measures fail, can be used to treat both the articular and intestinal diseases simultaneously.     

冠状动脉硬化性心脏病和老年性痴呆

弄清冠状动脉硬化性心脏病是否与老年性痴呆有关联,有助于老年性痴呆的防治。我们从共同的危险因素载脂蛋白E4基因型以及二者的临床、病理的相关性方面,综述了冠状动脉硬化性心脏病与老年性痴呆的关系。其机制有待进一步研究。     

Borna病病毒及Borna病

20 0多年前 ,Ｂｏｒｎａ病 (ＢｏｒｎａｄｉｓｅａｓｅＢＤ)首先被描述为发生在德国东南部的一种马致死性神经疾病。 1885年 ,该病在德国Ｓａｘｏｎｙ州的Ｂｏｒｎａ镇周围流行而导致大批的马匹死亡 ,因而本病即以该镇命名〔1〕。研究表明 ,该病是一种以行为异常、脑实质和脑膜