单角子宫的二维超声诊断

目的 探讨二维超声诊断单角子宫的价值.方法 对7例经手术、超声造影证实的单角子宫患者的声像图特征进行回顾性分析.结果 7例单角子宫均经二维超声诊断,其中单纯性单角子宫4例,单角子宫合并残留子宫(残角子宫)3例,在单角子宫合并残角子宫3例中,残留子宫呈实体1例(无内膜),与单角子宫官腔不相通的残留子宫官腔积血1例,残留子宫官腔妊娠1例.结论 二维超声诊断单角子宫畸形具有重要的临床价值.     

三维超声诊断残角子宫和单角子宫的临床价值分析

目前常规二维超声对残角子宫和单角子宫的诊断和鉴别诊断还是一个难点，主要是因为二维超声检查无法提供子宫及官腔的整体形态，因此不能显示残角子宫和单角子宫的特征性图像，易造成漏诊和误诊。近年来，随着三维超声的推广应用，以其具有多种成像方式的优点，尤其子宫冠状切面可以提供更多有价值的信息，已经被广泛应用于子宫畸形的诊断。现将一组经宫腔或手术证实的残角子宫或单角子宫16例的超声检查资料作一回顾性分析。     

单角子宫和残角子宫的超声诊断及漏误诊分析

目的 分析单角子宫和残角子宫的超声特征,总结漏误诊原因及防范对策.方法 对经超声检查诊断为单角子宫和残角子宫的28例病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 28例单角子宫和残角子宫患者均经宫腔镜、腹腔镜、子宫输卵管造影或手术病理证实,首诊漏误诊率为78.6%(22/28).结论 二维超声宫底部横切面子宫内膜的观察应成为常规,发现其内膜短小、不对称时应疑及单角子宫或残角子宫,进一步启动三维超声冠状面检查,能有效避免漏误诊.     

三维超声诊断单角子宫和残角子宫的价值

单角子宫和残角子宫是反复流产与不孕的重要原因．残角子宫妊娠可以发生扭转或破裂，准确诊断可预防不良后果的发生。但是，目前单角子宫和残角子宫的漏诊和误诊仍不少。三维超声以其能显示子宫冠状面的优势，已广泛应用于节育环异位、纵隔子宫等诊断，但对单角子宫和残角子宫的诊断报道甚少。为研究三维超声对单角子宫和残角子宫的诊断价值，笔者对25例二维超声检查疑单角子宫、残角子宫，或来源、性质无法确定的宫旁包块患者行三维超声检查，并对检查结果进行分析总结。     

三维超声成像对先天性子宫畸形的诊断价值

目的 探讨三维超声成像对先天性子宫畸形的诊断价值.方法 对50例疑为先天性子宫畸形患者行二维超声和三维超声检查,结果进行对比分析.结果50例患者中,双子宫6例,不完全型纵隔子宫20例,完全型纵隔子宫8例,双角子宫10例,弓形子宫4例,单角子宫2例,三维超声诊断准确率为100％,二维超声诊断准确率为84％.双子宫三维超声表现为2个独立子宫;纵隔子宫宫底外形基本正常,不完全型纵隔子宫者内膜呈“Y”形,完全型纵隔子宫者内膜呈“V”形;双角子宫宫底中央凹陷,内膜呈“Y”形,但夹角较大;弓形子宫外形正常,宫底部内膜轻微内凹;单角子宫外形呈梭形,内膜呈单角状.结论三维超声冠状面成像能直观、清晰显示子宫宫腔形态结构及宫底外观轮廓,在对先天性子宫畸形的诊断中明显优于二维超声,是一种简便、易行、准确的子宫畸形的诊断方法.     

经阴道三维超声在先天性子宫畸形诊断中的应用

先天性子宫畸形是因胚胎时期双侧副中肾管发育融合障碍所致,常见有双子宫、双角子宫、纵隔子宫、弓形子宫、单角子宫、残角子宫等.经阴道二维超声无法显示子宫冠状面的轮廓,对子宫畸形的评估上存在一定的局限性[1-2];三维超声弥补了二维超声的不足,成为诊断子宫畸形的重要手段.     

先天性子宫畸形的实时三维超声诊断

目的评价实时三维超声对先天性子宫畸形的诊断价值。方法对40例常规二维超声检查初诊有先天性子宫畸形患者进行经腹三维超声检查,并与宫腔镜和腹腔镜联合检查结果进行对照。结果40例患者中,经腹三维超声检查诊断完全纵隔6例,不全纵隔17例,双角子宫12例,双子宫3例,残角子宫2例,与最终结果基本一致。结论实时三维超声是一种简便、易行、准确的诊断子宫畸形的方法。     

三维超声在早孕期残角子宫妊娠诊断中的价值

目的探讨三维超声在早孕期残角子宫妊娠诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析12例早孕期残角子宫妊娠患者的超声声像学资料。结果 12例患者9例行二维联合三维超声检查,其中8例诊断为残角子宫妊娠,1例诊断为单角子宫妊娠合并残角子宫妊娠;余3例行二维超声检查,误诊为输卵管妊娠。残角子宫妊娠典型超声声像图特征:与宫颈相连的一侧子宫呈"单角状",该宫腔内无妊娠囊;于单角子宫旁中下段可见一包块,包块内可见妊娠囊,包块周边可见肌样组织,包块与宫颈不相延续。结论二维联合三维超声检查可提高早孕期残角子宫妊娠诊断的准确性。     

残角子宫与妊娠

报告残角子宫２２例，认为临床分型与临床表现关系密切；Ⅰ、Ⅱ型残角子宫均可发生妊娠；Ｂ超、碘油造影等检查有助于残角子宫妊娠的诊断；明确诊断后即切除残角子宫及同侧附件，对防治残角子宫妊娠宫破裂及再度发生异位妊娠有积极意义。     

阴道三维超声在子宫畸形中的诊断价值

目的探讨阴道三维超声诊断子宫畸形的临床价值。方法选取子宫畸形患者120例,均给予阴道二维超声和三维超声检查,比较其经宫腔镜、MRI检查的诊断符合率。结果经宫腔镜确诊为纵隔子宫82例,经MRI确诊为鞍型子宫18例,经宫腔或者腹腔镜确诊为残角子宫12例,经MRI确诊为双角子宫8例。120例确诊患者中,二维超声诊断符合率为79.17%,三维超声为90.83%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阴道三维超声检查能显示不同子宫畸形的宫腔结构、宫底外观形态,临床诊断子宫畸形符合率较高,可推荐临床应用。     

Avoiding the fatal misdiagnosis of pregnancy in a noncommunicating rudimentary horn using 3D transvaginal ultrasound

Rudimentary horn pregnancies are an increasingly recognized complication of Mullerian duct anomalies. They can lead to uterine rupture with severe maternal morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a 28-year-old woman with a prior surgical diagnosis of bicornuate uterus who was diagnosed with a 7-week pregnancy in the left horn of a bicornuate uterus by 2D ultrasound. Further investigation with 3D ultrasound revealed that the pregnancy was within a noncommunicating rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus. These findings were confirmed at laparotomy. This case illustrates the importance and benefits of utilizing 3D ultrasound in diagnosing suspected Mullerian anomalies.     

残角子宫并宫腔经血潴留的超声诊断

目的 探讨残角子宫并宫腔经血潴留的超声特征。方法 对我院95年2月至2001年10月经B超检查诊断为残角子宫并宫腔经血潴留的病例进行回顾性分析，并与手术病理对照。结果 6年间共诊断该病例8例，与手术病理对照符合率为87％（7／8）。其中一例误诊为卵巢七克力囊肿。8例均伴有残角子宫侧肾脏缺如，对侧肾代偿性增大。结论 该先天性畸形较少见，声像图较复杂，充分认识该病的声像图特征是正确诊断本病的重要前提。     

Sonographic diagnosis of uncomplicated first-trimester pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus

Although pregnancy in a rudimentary uterine horn is rare, the correct diagnosis of this condition on routine sonographic examination is critical, because its natural history usually involves the rupture of the pregnant horn during the second or third trimester, resulting in life-threatening bleeding. We report a case in which the diagnosis of right unicornuate uterus with a left noncommunicating rudimentary horn was made in the first trimester on routine sonographic examination.     

子宫角部位妊娠的超声诊断及其误诊分析

目的总结超声在诊断宫角部位妊娠过程中的经验教训。方法回顾性分析12例宫角部位妊娠病例的临床与声像图特点。结果12例中仅1例由超声直接明确诊断,2例经临床观察及反复超声检查最终由阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断,其余均在术后确诊。结论超声可以为临床早期诊断宫角部妊娠提供影像学依据,经阴道彩色多普勒超声可作为该类疾病诊断的首选方法。     

Ultrasound diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in the non-communicating horn of a unicornuate uterus (cornual pregnancy).

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate ultrasound criteria for the diagnosis of pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus (cornual pregnancy). METHODS: This was a prospective observational study over a period of 90 months in a tertiary referral center in a London teaching hospital. A diagnosis of cornual pregnancy was made when all the following ultrasound criteria were met: (1) a single interstitial portion of Fallopian tube in the main uterine body; (2) a gestational sac, mobile and separate from the uterus, surrounded by myometrium; and (3) a vascular pedicle joining the gestational sac to the unicornuate uterus. In cases where the ultrasound criteria were met the pregnancy was followed up and the final outcome was recorded, including operative and histological findings. RESULTS: Over the study period eight cases of cornual pregnancy were diagnosed. Six women had a single case of cornual pregnancy. One woman was managed expectantly in her first cornual pregnancy and subsequently suffered a recurrence. Surgical management varied depending on viability of the pregnancy and gestational age at presentation. In all the women who underwent surgery the diagnosis was eventually confirmed at operation and on histological examination. During the study period there were no false positive or false negative results in our unit using the above criteria. CONCLUSION: The proposed ultrasound criteria appear accurate and may be applied in clinical practice to facilitate preoperative diagnosis of cornual ectopic pregnancy.     

经阴道三维超声在纵隔子宫合并妊娠中的应用价值

目的探讨经阴道三维超声在纵隔子宫合并妊娠中的应用价值。方法应用经阴道三维超声获得26例纵隔子宫合并妊娠的子宫冠状切面,观察宫底及宫腔形态。结果26例纵隔子宫合并妊娠患者,不完全纵隔合并妊娠22例,完全纵隔合并妊娠4例;其中10例显示正常早孕声像,8例显示早孕合并宫腔积液,8例显示胚胎停育或稽留流产。合并肌瘤5例。结论经阴道三维超声的冠状面可以清晰显示宫底及宫腔形态,对纵隔子宫合并妊娠有重要的诊断价值,是保胎治疗及人工流产术成功的关键。     

三维超声诊断残角子宫

目的 评价三维超声对残角子宫的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析38例应用三维超声诊断或疑为残角子宫的患者资料,与宫腔镜、腹腔镜检查和(或)术后病理结果对比。结果 38例患者中,三维超声对35例诊断正确,另有3例未能与子宫肌瘤液化相鉴别。结论 三维超声是诊断残角子宫的有效检查方法。     

The unicornuate uterus and its variants: clinical presentation, imaging findings, and associated complications

This article will describe the different variants of the unicornuate uterus, their clinical presentation and imaging findings, as well their associated complications. We will also review the associated renal anomalies. Patients' symptoms and their imaging findings will vary depending on the unicornuate subtype. Radiologic evaluation includes a combination of hysterosalpingography, sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Complications include obstetric ones related to the small uterine size and endometriosis and ectopic pregnancies when a cavitary rudimentary uterine horn is present. Radiologists should be familiar with all variants of the unicornuate uterus as well as their clinical presentation and associated imaging findings.     

Rudimentary horn pregnancy: first-trimester prerupture sonographic diagnosis and confirmation by magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: Two cases of rudimentary horn pregnancy diagnosed in the first trimester by sonography and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are reported. We suggest criteria for early, prerupture sonographic diagnosis of this rare condition. METHODS: We report a case in which pregnancy in a rudimentary horn was suspected on routine sonographic examination. In the second case, sonographic examination at 11 weeks' gestation revealed a right unicornuate uterus and a noncommunicating left rudimentary horn containing a gestational sac. In both cases, MRI clearly confirmed the sonographic diagnosis, showing an empty cavity of the uterine body and a pregnant uterine horn without an endometrial communication to the uterine body. RESULTS: Both patients underwent surgery, and the pregnant rudimentary horns were resected with no complications. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest the following criteria for sonographic diagnosis of rudimentary horn pregnancy: (1) a pseudopattern of a asymmetrical bicornuate uterus, (2) absent visual continuity tissue surrounding the gestational sac and the uterine cervix, and (3) the presence of myometrial tissue surrounding the gestational sac. Typical hypervascularization of placenta accreta may support the diagnosis. Additionally, MRI can be used to confirm the diagnosis before an invasive procedure is undertaken.     

超声对子宫晚期妊娠先兆破裂的诊断价值

目的探讨超声检查对疤痕子宫晚期妊娠破裂或先兆破裂的诊断和预测价值。方法观测67例疤痕子宫妊娠和203例正常子宫妊娠晚期的子宫下段前壁肌层厚度,及其与发生子宫破裂或先兆破裂的关系。结果经阴道超声检查4例子宫下段前壁肌层消失,剖宫产术中均诊断为子宫破裂或先兆破裂;4例前壁肌层0．1～0．9mm,子宫先兆破裂2例;39例前壁肌层1．0～1．9mm,子宫先兆破裂2例;223例前壁肌层≥2．0mm,未发生子宫破裂或先兆破裂。结论超声监测疤痕子宫妊娠晚期子宫下段前壁肌层厚度能预测子宫破裂或先兆破裂。