Postoperative pain and quality of life after laparoscopic and open inguinal hernia repair: results of a prospective randomized trial

Background As part of a large prospective randomized Austrian multicenter trial evaluating recurrence rates and complications of open and laparoscopic unilateral inguinal hernia repairs we assessed postoperative pain and quality of life. Methods Approximately 151 patients were randomized to Shouldice repair, Bassini operation, or laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty (TAPP). Pain was recorded preoperatively and on the first four postoperative days. Quality of life was recorded preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively. Results Patients having Shouldice repairs had significantly higher visual analog-scale scores for pain on the fourth postoperative day (P=0.048) and significantly higher scores in McGill pain questionnaires on the first four postoperative days (P=0.046) compared with the other groups. Apart from a significantly lower score in postoperative bodily pain in the Shouldice group (P=0.039), no significant differences in quality of life were apparent among the three methods. Conclusions The TAPP and Bassini repairs result in less short-term postoperative pain.     

The effects of different hernia repair methods on postoperative pain medication and CRP levels

Although tension-free techniques of hernia repair using synthetic meshes have yielded encouraging results, the best method of inguinal hernia repair is still unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the responses of inflammatory mediators and postoperative pain relief following laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) hernioplasty, open tension-free mesh hernioplasty (Lichtenstein), posterior preperitoneal mesh hernioplasty (Nyhus procedure), and Bassini procedure. Patients with primary inguinal hernia were randomized in the operating room to undergo one of these repair techniques. Group I comprised 24 patients treated by Lichtenstein procedure; Group II comprised 21 patients treated by Nyhus procedure; Group III comprised 19 patients treated by Bassini procedure; and Group IV comprised 20 patients treated by laparoscopic TEP mesh hernioplasty. Postoperative pain levels following hernia repair were compared by measuring the use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) during the 24 hours after surgery. Serum samples withdrawn before surgery and 48 hours after surgery were assayed for C-reactive protein (CRP) content. Patient characteristics, operating time, and operative and early complications were noted. Serum CRP levels rose markedly following Nyhus (184.5 +/- 41.6 mg/L), Lichtenstein (138.4 +/- 72.5 mg/L), and Bassini repair (137.2 +/- 55.9 mg/L) compared with that of patients who underwent TEP mesh hernioplasty (55.5 +/- 41.2 mg/L). There were also significant differences in the postoperative need for analgesics via PCA among patients undergoing Nyhus (382.9 +/- 189.1 mg), Bassini (303.2 +/- 173.7 mg), and Lichtenstein (253.9 +/- 129.3) procedures compared with 196.6 +/- 148.8 mg for the TEP mesh hernioplasty group. Patients in the Lichtenstein group also had significantly less need of analgesics than those in the Nyhus and Bassini groups. In conclusion, TEP mesh hernioplasty is less traumatic and yields less postoperative pain than the Nyhus, Lichtenstein, and Bassini procedures.     

腹腔镜下不同术式与开放手术疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝的疗效

目的比较腹腔镜下经腹腔腹膜前疝修补法（TAPP）、完全腹膜外疝修补法（TEP）与开放式无张力疝修补术（Lichtenstein）治疗腹股沟疝的疗效及安全性。 方法选择2015年3月至2017年8月就诊于松滋市人民医院的150例腹股沟疝患者,按照随机数字表法分为3组,Lichtenstein组、TAPP组、TEP组,各50例。对比3组手术相关指标、并发症及术后6个月复发率,并观察围手术期患者应激反应[皮质醇（Cor）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、醛固酮（ALD）]变化。 结果3组手术时间、术后并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;Lichtenstein组术中出血量、术后12 h疼痛数字评分（NRS）、术后下床活动时间及住院时间均比TAPP组和TEP组高,住院费用比TAPP组和TEP组低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;TEP组术后12 h NRS评分、术后下床活动时间及住院费用比TAPP组低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Lichtenstein组术后3 d Cor、NE及ALD水平,复发率比TAPP组和TEP组高,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论Lichtenstein术治疗腹股沟疝操作相对简单、费用低,腹腔镜下TAPP、TEP术具有应激创伤小、疼痛轻、并发症少、复发率低等特点,临床应结合患者具体病情选择适宜的手术修补方式。     

4种手术方式治疗成人腹股沟疝的临床对比

目的:评价不同手术方法治疗腹股沟疝的临床效果。方法:对359例成人腹股沟疝患者分别采用4种手术方式治疗,观察术中、术后多个临床指标,比较疗效。结果:TAPP组平均术后住院时间明显少于其他3组(P0.05),平均住院费用高于其他治疗组(P0.05),Bassini组术后并发症发生率、复发率均高于其他3组(P0.05)。结论:无张力疝修补术与传统疝修补术相比,都具有创伤小、并发症少、复发率低的优点,而TAPP恢复快的特点更明显,但费用高、学习曲线长是其不足之处。     

治疗成人腹股沟疝选择腹腔镜或开放Lichtenstein修补术——随机对照研究的Meta分析

目的:比较腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前修补(transabdominal preperitoneal prosthetic TAPP)或腹腔镜完全腹膜外修补(to-tal extraperitoneal prosthetic,TEP)和开放Lichtenstein修补术治疗腹股沟疝的疗效与成本。方法:检索1990年1月至2004年12月31日PUDMED、EMBSE、MEDALINE、中国学术期刊网全文数据库收录的公开发表与研究目的相关的手术临床随机对照(RCTs)的研究文献,提取数据,满足条件者对数据进行合并分析,Meta分析软件用Revman4.2。评价指标包括:手术时间、围手术期总并发症、复发率和治疗费用。结果:有12个RCTs,1 763例患者纳入分析,腹腔镜组870例,其中TAPP 605例,TEP265例;开放Lichtenstein修补893例,Meta分析显示,腹腔镜手术比开放Lichtenstein手术的手术时间长。围手术期总并发症发生率相当。随访2-36个月,复发率相当。4项研究表明,腹腔镜组的手术费用较高。结论:目前证据提示,综合成本与疗效评价,原发的单侧腹股沟疝患者推荐采用Lichtenstein术式,复发双侧的腹股沟疝或有特殊要求的患者,腹腔镜手术可能是较好的选择。     

Has Shouldice Repair in a Selected Group of Patients with Inguinal Hernia Comparable Results to Lichtenstein,TEP and TAPP Techniques?

Background

In the new international guidelines only the mesh-based Lichtenstein, TEP and TAPP techniques are recommended. This present analysis of data from the Herniamed Registry compares the outcome for Shouldice versus Lichtenstein, TEP and TAPP.

Methods

Propensity score matching analyses were performed to obtain homogeneous comparison groups for Shouldice versus Lichtenstein (n = 2115/2608; 81.1%), Shouldice versus TEP (n = 2225/2608; 85.3%) and Shouldice versus TAPP (2400/2608; 92.0%).

Results

The most important characteristics of the Shouldice patient collective were younger patients with a mean age of 40 years, a large proportion of women of 30%, a mean BMI value of 24 and a proportion of defect sizes up to 3 cm of over 85%. For this selected patient collective, propensity score matched-pair analysis did not identify any difference in the perioperative and one-year follow-up outcome compared with TAPP, fewer intraoperative (0.5 vs. 1.3%; p = 0.009) but somewhat more postoperative complications (2.3 vs. 1.5%; p = 0.050) compared with TEP and advantages with regard to pain at rest (4.6 vs. 6.1%; p = 0.039) and on exertion (10.0 vs. 13.4%; p < 0.001) compared with the Lichtenstein technique.

Conclusion

For a selected group of patients the Shouldice technique can be used for primary unilateral inguinal hernia repair while achieving an outcome comparable to that of Lichtenstein, TEP and TAPP operations.

     

Laparoscopic hernioplasty

This study compares the results of two laparoscopic hernioplasties: the transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) and the totally extraperitoneal (TEP). Over a 43-month period 1,115 laparoscopic hernioplasties, 733 TAPP and 382 TEP, were performed in 866 patients. There were 11 major complications in the TAPP group (2 recurrences, 6 trocar hernias, 1 small-bowel obstruction, 1 trocar, and 1 dissection injury of the small bowel) compared to 1 recurrence and no intraperitoneal complications in the TEP group. Five TEP procedures required conversion to the TAPP approach, resulting in one umbilical hernia. The median time to return to work did not vary with the approach, but was prolonged in patients compensated for time off, 16 vs 8 days for noncompensated patients.Results suggested that both techniques shortened recovery and eliminated most early failures, but the totally extraperitoneal approach reduced the potential for intraperitoneal complications and may be the procedure of choice in most situations.Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Orlando, Florida, USA, 11–14 March 1995     

Complications and recurrences associated with laparoscopic repair of groin hernias

Although the laparoscopic technique is a new approach to groin hernia, it is becoming more widely accepted as an alternative to traditional open techniques. This study is a preliminary review of complications and recurrences.A questionnaire specific for complications was sent to each investigator. From 12/89 to 4/93, 1,514 hernias were repaired; 119 (7.8%) were bilateral and 192 (12.7%) recurrent. There were 860 indirect, 560 direct, 43 pantaloon, 37 femoral, and 6 obturator hernias, and 8 were not specified; 553 were repaired using a transabdominal preperitoneal mesh technique (TAPP), 457 with a total extraperitoneal technique (TEP), 320 with intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM), 102 by ring closure, and 82 involved plug and patch technique.Eighteen intraoperative and 188 postoperative complications were seen. The total complication rate was 13.6%, of which 1.2% were intraoperative. Of the intraoperative complications, 12 were related to the laparoscopic technique, three were related to the hernia repair, and one was related to anesthesia. The rate of conversion to open was 0.8%. Of the postoperative complications, there were 95 local, 25 neurologic, 23 testicular, 23 urinary, 10 mesh, and 12 miscellaneous. There were 34 recurrences after the 1,514 hernia repairs (2.2%). The follow-up was reported in 828 patients for an average of 13 months. The recurrence rate varied drastically with the technique: A 22% recurrence rate after the plug and patch vs 3%, 2.2%, 0.7%, and 0.4% with the ring closure, IPOM, TAPP, and TEP, respectively.Laparoscopic repair of groin hernia can be safely performed. Complications, mostly minor, diminish with experience. The recurrence rate is less with large mesh which is anchored.Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Nashville, Tennessee, USA, 18–19 April 1994     

猪小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质补片在不同术式治疗青壮年腹股沟疝中的应用效果

目的:探讨猪小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质(SIS)补片用于腹腔镜经腹腹膜前(TAPP)疝修补术与开放无张力疝修补术(Lichtenstein手术)治疗青壮年腹股沟疝临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2015年2月—2018年2月期间首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院疝和腹壁外科采用SIS补片行疝修补术的268例青壮年腹股沟疝的患者临床资料,其中152例行Lichtenstein手术(Lichtenstein组),116例行TAPP手术(TAPP)。比较两组患者的相关临床指标。结果:Lichtenstein组手术时间、住院费用明显少于TAPP组,但围术期疼痛评分明显高于TAPP组(均P0.05);两组在术中出血量、住院时间方面差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。Lichtenstein组术后1周及1、3个月血清肿的发生率均低于TAPP组(均P0.05)。所有患者均未发生异物感、肠梗阻、肠瘘等并发症。结论:SIS补片应用于青壮年腹股沟疝的开放和腹腔镜疝修补术均有确切的效果,但该补片用于两种术式均有各自的优缺点。     

Inguinal hernia repair with mesh plug technique (initial experiences with a new, tension-free surgical method)

Majority of inguinal hernia repair are performed in Hungary by traditional surgical techniques, reconstruction under tension (Bassini, Kirschner, Shouldice). Hernia surgery underwent a revolutionary change from the 80's. Set out from the United States, tension-free methodologies (Lichtenstein, laparoscopy, mesh plug) have spread worldwide, of which early and late results--especially recurrence rate--are significantly better than the formerly used techniques. Authors introduce the surgical technique of mesh plug hernioplasty and their promising experiences after the first 80 operations.     

The place of Shouldice operation in inguinal hernia repair

The Shouldice operation has been increasingly applied in our department since 1996. Between 1998-2000 its proportion has achieved 58% (Lichtenstein: 30%, laparoscopy: 2%, TEPP: 3%, other: 7%). A total of 343 patients have been operated on according to Shouldice. These patients were followed for 3-5 years in the mean. So far we observed 3 recurrences corresponding to a recurrence rate of 0.9%. The recurrence rate decreased compared to a historical control group from 10 to 0.9% using the Shouldice technique instead of Bassini. We conclude from this study that the surgeon must know several surgical techniques and choose the most applicable one during operation. The overwhelming majority of cases can be resolved by the Shouldice operation. For elderly patients, the Lichtenstein operation is an appropriate alternative. For cases with large defects of the posterior wall we can choose between Lichtenstein operation, the laparoscopic procedures and transinguinal preperitoneal mesh plasty.     

两种手术方式治疗网塞型补片修补术后复发腹股沟疝患者的临床疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术与腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术治疗网塞型补片修补术后复发腹股沟疝患者的临床疗效。 方法选取2012年3月至2018年4月,苏州高新区人民医院普外科行网塞型补片修补术治疗后复发169例腹股沟疝患者为研究对象。通过查随机数表分为经腹膜组和全腹膜外组。经腹膜组再次行腹膜疝修补术,98例;全腹膜外组再次行全腹膜外修补术,71例。比较2组患者的手术相关指标、术后急慢性疼痛视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、并发症和复发情况。手术时间、术中出血量、VAS等为计量资料,使用均数±标准差（ ±s）来表示,组间比较使用独立样本t检验。复发情况、不良反应情况等情况为计数资料,以率表示,用χ²检验进行比较。 结果经腹膜组和全腹膜外组患者术后手术时间分别为（41.14±7.54）min、（42.53±4.55）min,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;全腹膜外组在术中出血量和术后住院时间分别为（15.14±4.51）ml、（6.70±1.50）min,与经腹膜组（12.94±4.08）ml、（5.10±1.30）min比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。全腹膜外组患者术后1、7、15和30 d后的VAS评分分别为（6.81±1.90）、（5.74±1.70）、（4.45±1.81）、（3.35±0.63）分,均低于经腹膜组（7.49±1.23）、（6.68±1.31）、（6.22±2.19）、（5.42±1.33）分,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。全腹膜外组复发率为0.70%,明显低于经腹膜组的4.59%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后2组并发症血清肿、尿潴留、切口及阴囊水肿、切口感染指标比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;经腹膜组神经感觉异常13例（13.27%）明显高于全腹膜外组3例（4.23%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论相较经腹膜疝修补术,腹腔镜下全腹膜外疝修补术治疗网塞型补片修补术后复发疝,术中出血小,术后恢复快,可有效缓解术后急慢性疼痛,神经感觉异常发生率及复发率低,具有临床应用优势。     

Surgical outcome and hospital cost analyses of laparoscopic and open tension-free hernia repair

Abstract Surgeons who favor the laparoscopic repair of groin hernias must limit the additional costs associated with this technique, which is not universally acknowledged to be superior to other less expensive open tension-free repairs. This retrospective study compared outcome and costs between laparoscopic and open tension-free hernia repair in 320 patients with inguinal hernias. Patients underwent either (a) transabdominal preperitoneal procedure (TAPP; 60 patients, 72 procedures), (b) totally extraperitoneal procedure (TEP; 174 patients, 202 procedures), or (c) open tension-free procedure (86 patients, 105 procedures). Regarding important postoperative complications there were two (3.3%) recurrences in the TAPP group and one (0.6%) in the TEP group, and six (9.9%) transient neuralgias in the TAPP group and one (1.2%) in the tension-free group. There were no deaths, no testicular atrophies, and no wound or mesh infections. The mean hospital postoperative stay was the same in the three groups (1 day). Mean operating time was shorter in the tension-free group concerning the unilateral cases and shorter in the TEP group concerning the bilateral cases. Fewer patients required analgesia during the first 6 h after the operative procedure in the TEP group than in the other two groups. The mean total costs were 483.90 euros in the open tension-free repair, 763.20 euros in the TAPP repair, and 572.50 euros in the TEP repair. The open procedure was the cheaper for the hospital. Laparoscopic hernia repair and tension-free repair as described by Gilbert are comparable in postoperative complications. TEP hernia repair is associated with less postoperative pain and earlier return to normal activities, but it is more expensive and continues to be a difficult procedure. Open tension-free repair is the least expensive method and is easier to learn than the other two procedures. Electronic Publication     

Minimally invasive operation techniques for inguinal hernia: spectrum of indications in Austria

At the beginning of the 1990s, the introduction of endoscopic surgery led to the surgical treatment of hernias being reconsidered. At present, there are three groups of surgical procedures: conventional procedures (Shouldice, Bassini), open, tension-free mesh procedures (Lichtenstein, Gilbert, Rutkow) and endoscopic procedures, predominantly transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty (TAPP) and total extraperitoneal hernioplasty (TEP). The debate about the optimum treatment for hernias provoked by the endoscopic procedures is understandable in view of the large number of hernia operations performed. Numerous studies, some randomised, have demonstrated both advantages and disadvantages for the individual surgical procedures. In addition to the recurrence and complication rates, the cost factor and socio-economic aspects of the operations are playing an increasingly important role in deciding which method should be used. In December 1995, Austrian surgeons concerned with the problems of hernia repair both before and since the introduction of laparoscopic hernia repair came together for a consensus conference. During the meeting, the relevant aspects were summarised and a range of indications were established for surgical interventions. The main recommendation was that conventional open surgery, which can be performed under local anaesthesia, is indicated in unilateral uncomplicated primary hernias. Endoscopic hernioplasty is indicated if the contralateral findings are inconclusive or the hernia is bilateral or recurrent. The Zürser Hernienforum (Zürs Hernia Forum) has now been founded. The function of this forum is to carry out a prospective randomised study of inguinal hernia surgery throughout Austria. Electronic Publication     

Lichtenstein和腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术在腹股沟阴囊疝患者中的临床应用

目的比较腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术（TAPP）与开放Lichtenstein手术,在腹股沟阴囊疝治疗中的疗效,并探讨其可行性及术后并发症的发生率。 方法选择2016年1月至2018年12月,南京市高淳人民医院阴囊疝患者48例。按照术式不同分为TAPP组（20例）和Lichtenstein组（28例）。比较2组术中及术后并发症,包括手术时间、术中出血、术后疼痛、伤口及网片感染和术后复发等。 结果本组患者均顺利完成手术。Lichtenstein组手术时间（59±12）min,TAPP组手术时间（56±9）min,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;Lichtenstein组术中出血量（30.0±10.5）ml,TAPP组为（10.0±5.1）ml,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Lichtenstein组住院时间（9.0±5.2）d,TAPP组（3.0±2.4）d,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Lichtenstein组术后疼痛VAS评分（术后1周）为（4.0±1.4）分,TAPP组（2.0±1.2）分,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者在随访期间均无补片感染、复发及慢性疼痛发生。Lichtenstein组切口并发症（浅表感染及血肿,渗血,渗液）6例,阴囊积液6例;TAPP组切口并发症0例,阴囊积液7例。均经过换药或者保守治疗,均治愈出院。 结论TAPP可以进行腹股沟阴囊疝修补术,其疗效与腹股沟疝开放修补术相当,TAPP具有术后疼痛轻、伤口并发症少,住院时间较短的优点。     

三种疝修补术治疗单侧原发性腹股沟疝的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 比较开腹无张力填充式腹股沟疝修补术与两种腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的疗效.方法 将患有单侧原发性腹股沟疝的患者术前随机分成3组:开腹无张力填充式腹股沟疝修补术(开腹疝修补术)组或腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前腹股沟疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty,TAPP)组或腹腔镜完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术(totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty,TEP)组,将临床资料进行对比研究.结果 2006年2月至2009年2月收住院的164例患者参加本研究,其中62例行开腹疝修补术、50例行TAPP、52例行TEP.平均随访(16±8)个月.开腹疝修补术组的平均手术时间明显短于两种腹腔镜手术组(P＜0.01);住院费用也明显低于腹腔镜组(P＜0.01).而开腹疝修补术组的术后疼痛评分明显高于两种腹腔镜手术组(P＜0.01);术后住院时间及完全恢复时间也明显长于腹腔镜组(P＜0.01).3组均无手术严重并发症及术后复发.结论本研究证明三种疝修补术治疗单侧原发性腹股沟疝是安全有效的.TAPP和TEP,术后疼痛轻、恢复快,是值得推荐的外科术式.     

Mini-incisional laparoscopic surgery (MILS) for inguinal hernia repair*

BACKGROUND: As meshes markedly reduce recurrence rates following surgery for inguinal hernia, surgical methods employing meshes have become increasingly popular among surgeons. Innovations in laparoscopic surgery have enabled the surgeon to minimize the size of trocar incisions. This type of laparoscopy is therefore referred to as minimal incisional laparoscopic surgery (MILS). METHODS: All inguinal hernia patients who reported at our department during the last two years were included in a prospective observational study. In order to assess the feasibility of the MILS technique as well as its benefits for the patient, we investigated and compared the following intra- and postoperative parameters of two laparoscopic TAPP (transabdominal pre-peritoneal) techniques (MILS-TAPP versus conventional-TAPP): operating times, perioperative complications, postoperative and chronic pain, abdominal wall mobility, and recurrence rates. RESULTS: Of 462 patients aged 18 to 94 years (mean, 46 years), 559 inguinal hernias in 481 patients (86.1%) were treated by laparoscopic approach. The Lichtenstein technique was used to treat 65 hernias (11.6%). The mean operating time was 60 minutes for the conventional TAPP technique (n = 217) and 56 minutes for the MILS technique (n = 264). Postoperative abdominal wall mobility scored by Janda's method was significantly superior in the MILS group (4.6) than in the conventional laparoscopic group (3.7). Postoperative pain on the VAS scale was rated 1.3 in the MILS group versus 2.6 in the conventional TAPP group. Three (1.4%) recurrences occurred after the conventional TAPP technique, whereas no hernia recurrence occurred when a self-adhesive mesh was used. CONCLUSIONS: Minimization of trauma secondary to the trocar incision was able to reduce postoperative pain and improve abdominal wall mobility. The self-adhesive mesh may be inserted by the practiced laparoscopic surgeon with no delay, and optimizes incorporation in the groin by laminar mesh adhesion in the preperitoneal cavity.     

不同微创术式治疗儿童腹股沟疝术后伤口恢复及外观情况比较

目的:探究腹腔镜全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术(Totally extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy,TEP)与腹腔镜经腹腹膜前腹股沟疝修补术(Transabdominal preperitoneal herniorrhaphy,TAPP)治疗儿童腹股沟疝临床效果。方法:选取56例腹股沟疝患儿为研究对象,按照随机数表分为TEP组与TAPP组各28例,分别接受TEP、TAPP术式治疗,比较术后1h、6h、1d疼痛程度[东大略儿童医院疼痛量表(Children’s hospital of eastern ontario pain scale,CHEOPS)]变化,分析两组围术期基本指标、术后6个月瘢痕严重程度[温哥华瘢痕量表(Vancouver scar scale,VSS)]及并发症发生情况。结果:术后1h,两组患儿CHEOPS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6h、1d,两组患儿CHEOPS评分均较术后1h时有显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但组间同一时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患儿手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、下床活动时间及住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月,TEP组患儿VSS评分均明显低于TAPP组(P<0.05),但两组患儿切口感染、尿潴留、肠梗阻、血清肿并发症发生率及腹股沟疝复发率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:不同微创术式治疗小儿腹股沟疝均可取得理想疗效,但TEP相较于TAPP能减轻瘢痕严重程度,有利于维持其局部皮肤美观。     

Long-term results of a randomized clinical trial of Shouldice, Lichtenstein and transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repairs

INTRODUCTION: There is an ongoing debate about the preferred technique for inguinal hernia repair. In this randomized study the long-term results of Shouldice, Lichtenstein and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) hernia repair were compared. METHODS: Some 280 men with a primary hernia were randomized prospectively to undergo Shouldice, tension-free Lichtenstein or laparoscopic TAPP repair. Patients were examined after 52 months to assess hernia recurrence, nerve damage, testicular atrophy and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Hernia recurrence occurred in six patients after Shouldice repair, and in one patient each after Lichtenstein and TAPP repairs. All recurrences after tension-free repairs were diagnosed within the first year after surgery. Nerve injuries were significantly more frequent after open Shouldice and Lichtenstein repairs. Patient satisfaction was greatest after laparoscopic TAPP repair. CONCLUSION: Tension-free repair was superior to the non-mesh Shouldice technique. The open anterior approach to the groin was associated with demonstrable nerve injury, and laparoscopic TAPP repair was the most effective approach in the hands of an experienced surgeon.     

Five-year outcome of laparoscopic and Lichtenstein hernioplasties

Background: Laparoscopic hernia repair has been proved superior to open repairs in terms of short-term results, but long-term results of laparoscopic and open mesh repairs have been lacking until recently. Methods: A total of 123 patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups comparing laparoscopic and Lichtenstein hernioplasties in three separate trials. The first and second trials compared small and large mesh used in transabdominal preperitoneal repairs, and the third study compared totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty with the Lichtenstein operation. A 5-year follow-up visit was scheduled to assess recurrencies, symptoms, and patient satisfaction. Results: For the follow up evaluation, 121 (98.4%) of the patients were reached. There were five hernia recurrences in the laparoscopic group (small mesh) and two in the Lichtenstein group (difference, 5%; 95% confidence interval, –4–13%; p = 0.3). One patient who underwent the transabdominal preperitoneal polypropylene procedure underwent reoperation 3 years later because of dense small bowel adhesions at the inguinal surgical site. Chronic groin pain was more common after open operation (0 vs 4) patients (difference 7%; confidence interval, –0.4–16%; p = 0.04). Ten patients (16%) in the laparoscopic group and 12 (20%) in the open group reported discomfort or pain at the surgical site. Conclusions: Both laparoscopic and Lichtenstein hernioplasties have a low risk for hernia recurrence if proper mesh size is used. The patients who undergo hernioplasty with open mesh hernioplasty seem to experience chronic symptoms and pain more often than those managed with the laparoscopic procedure.