建立长效机制确保突发公共卫生事件应急指挥与决策系统发挥实效

随着国家加大对突发公共卫生事件应急指挥与决策系统建设的投入及地方政府用于应急体系建设配套资金的逐步落实,各地突发公共卫生事件应急指挥与决策系统建设如火如荼般展开。各地应急指挥系统建成后能否实现互联互通、资源共享、应急指挥高效,成了人们关注的焦点。文章从当前全国突发公共卫生事件应急指挥决策系统建设存在的问题、应急信息系统运营维护长效机制的建立与怎样发挥突发公共卫生事件应急指挥系统的实效等方面进行了探讨,提出了建立长效机制,确保突发公共卫生事件应急指挥与决策系统发挥实效的一些观点。     

常熟市突发公共卫生事件现场调查处置系统的开发研究

1研究目的常熟市突发公共卫生事件现场调查处置系统与常熟市突发公共卫生事件应急指挥与决策系统、常熟市区域卫生信息平台互汇交融,当接到突发公共卫生事件预警信息后,卫生应急人员立即前往调查核实,用移动终端采集现场信息,形成调查记录、防控建议、消毒方案、健康教育以及应急接种告知书等文件,并通过3G网络实时上传,通过系统内置的智能分析,实现快速、规范和科学处置,     

标版新闻

我国将实现突发公共卫生事件计算机自动预警卫生部《2006年卫生应急工作要点》指出我国将逐步实现突发公共卫生事件计算机自动预警。此文件从实施突发事件卫生应急预案,完善预案体系、不断完善卫生应急处置机制,规范应急管理等十个方面对我国今年的卫生应急工作做了详细的规定。今年我国将制订《卫生应急工作规范》,健全公共卫生事件应急调查处理标准操作规范和技术方案, 逐步形成信息快捷、功能齐全、反应灵敏、运转高效的突发公共卫生事件应急指挥和决策网络。     

突发公共卫生事件应急系统分析与设计

2003年SARS以后,突发公共卫生事件应急指挥系统进行入建设高潮,全国各地应急指挥系统建设投入使用,在"毒奶粉"、"手足口病"、"甲流"等突发公共卫生事件中发挥了一定作用。但是从各地建成的应急指挥系统分析,主要取得两个方面的成效,一是视频会会议系统建设相对完善,在应急会议和应急医疗救治培训等方面效果明显;二是提升了对应急资源和应急预案的管理能力,对应急指挥系统理解更加深入。     

安徽省突发公共卫生事件应对能力分析探讨

突发公共卫生事件严重的威胁着人类的生命健康与社会经济发展,回顾安徽省突发公共卫生事件的处置过程,分析突发公共卫生事件的影响与处置过程中存在的问题,能为完善安徽省卫生应急体系建设与科学应对未来突发公共卫生事件提供借鉴。     

综合医院应急服务能力提升研究

综合医院是应对突发公共卫生事件的关键机构,医疗应急服务是有效应对突发公共卫生事件的关键问题。综合医院如何应对突发公共卫生事件成为一个新课题。作为区域应急医疗服务的关键场所和核心力量,综合医院应构建完善的应急医疗服务体系,提升医疗应急服务能力。笔者通过分析所在医院在处置突发公共卫生事件中的经验教训,目的是从提升响应速度、人员调配能力、应急救治能力、后勤保障能力、沟通协调能力等角度,构建一个完善的医院紧急应变系统,以期为优化和提高医院应对突发公共卫生事件能力提供理论依据和实践借鉴。     

基层疾控机构应急机制的探索与实践

自2003年SARS疫情发生之后,突发公共卫生事件应急机制的建设受到全国各级政府和有关部门的高度观注。国家出台了《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》、《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》以及相关法规，从宏观上建立起全国的应急体系框架，同时要求各地各部门建立应急体系、完善应急机制。疾控机构作为突发公共卫生事件应急处置的主力军，     

大理州疾控机构应对突发公共卫生事件和重大自然灾害卫生应急准备现状分析和建议

目的提高大理州疾病预防控制机构应对突发公共卫生事件和重大自然灾害调查和处置能力,最大限度地降低突发公共卫生事件和重大自然灾害的危害。方法根据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》、《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》等国家卫生法律法规,结合大理州疾病预防控制机构现状和州情,反思作者先后参加了2003年"非典"防治,多起重大食物中毒处置和"5.12"汶川大地震后的卫生防疫等实际工作中,今后大理州如何更好地提高应对突发公共卫生事件和重大自然灾害调查和处置能力,并提出合理化建议。结果大理州卫生应急预案体系不够健全,没有从州政府的层面制定《大理州突发事件应急总预案》,如发生突发公共卫生事件和重大自然灾害时,还要花时间协调各部门一起应对;各种预案较多且分散;没有统一管理的各类专业人员齐备的应急队伍;近年来较少组织卫生应急演练,实战能力有待提高,队员野外生存能力差。结论大理州要进一步建立健全卫生应急预案体系,收集或制定卫生应急规范,从州政府的层面制定《大理州突发事件应急总预案》;要按照"平战结合、因地制宜、分类管理、分级负责、统一管理、协调运转"的原则,建立一只卫生应急队伍;完善应急队伍的应急装备和做好应急物资储备。     

卫生部出台全国卫生部门应急管理规范

为明确各级卫生行政部门和各级各类医疗卫生机构在突发公共卫生事件应对工作中的职责，建立健全突发公共卫生事件应急机制，依法、科学、规范、有序、高效地处置各类突发公共卫生事件，依据《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》、《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》、《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》、《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》、《国家突发公共卫生事件应急预案》、《国家突发公共事件医疗卫生救援应急预案》等国家有关法律、法规、规章与预案，卫生部日前制定并出台了《全国卫牛部门卫生应急管理工作规范（试行）》。[第一段]     

市级公共卫生应急指挥系统建设及运行机制探讨

突发公共卫生事件在人类社会发展进程中难以避免,建立健全有效应对突发公共卫生事件的应急机制,事关国家及人民群众生命安全、社会稳定和社会经济发展.随着全国各地城市化建设进程的不断推进,城市人口的不断增长,防范各类突发性公共卫生事件,更好地保障现代化建设和人民群众身体健康,是呈现在我们面前的重要使命.特别是2003年突如其来的SARS疫情,更加充分表明了加强城市公共卫生应急指挥系统建设的重要性和紧迫性.如何充分利用现有市级疾控机构的人力资源及有限的卫生资源,并使之疾控工作的常态管理与突发公共卫生事件应急指挥有机地结合起来,是需要进一步探讨的课题.     

Pharma in the bedroom . . . and the kitchen. . . . The pharmaceuticalisation of daily life

This paper examines the consequences of a new emphasis on lifestyle in the production, marketing and consumption of pharmaceuticals. Over the past decade, a range of medicines have become available that address aspects of lifestyle, while others have been the subject of lifestyle marketing. We argue, with recourse to a broad literature from the social sciences, economics and health services research and from our study of pharmaceutical consumption, that two processes can be discerned. First, there is a domestication of pharmaceutical consumption, with drugs available via home computers, and marketing of pharmaceuticals that focuses upon private or personal conditions and addresses domestic activities such as sex and cooking. Secondly, there is a pharmaceuticalisation of everyday life as the pharmaceutical industry introduces profitable medicines for a range of daily activities and pharmaceuticals come to be seen by consumers as a 'magic bullet' to resolve problems of daily life. We suggest that the pharmaceuticalisation of daily life links the economics and politics of pharmaceutical production to the private lives of citizens.     

Qualitative evaluation of the training program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong

A total of 358 participants from 52 schools participated in a 3-day training program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong. At the end of the training program, participants were invited to write down what they had learned and their experience. A total of 317 written comments were collected from the participants in four training workshops. The results showed that most respondents had a positive perception of the training program and instructors. Most participants felt that the training program enhanced their understanding of positive youth development and the project and offered them opportunities for self-reflection. Participants showed more confidence in program implementation but also pointed out the difficulties in program implementation. This qualitative evaluation study provides support for the effectiveness of the training program in the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.     

Violence-related outcomes of the D.A.R.E. plus project.

The objectives of this study were to examine outcomes of the Minnesota D.A.R.E. Plus Project on violence-related behaviors among middle school students and mediation analyses that test how the intervention was effective in reducing physical and verbal violence. Twenty-four schools were randomly assigned to the D.A.R.E. middle school curriculum, the D.A.R.E. Plus multicomponent intervention, or control. The study cohort completed a self-report questionnaire at baseline and two follow-ups. The results showed that boys had higher rates of violence and victimization than girls. The D.A.R.E. Plus program was more effective in preventing violence among boys than among girls. It appears that the small behavioral effect that D.A.R.E. Plus did demonstrate on physical and verbal violence among boys was entirely mediated by a decrease of norms that support violence, an increase in outcome expectancies about being violence-free, and an increase in parental consequences for fighting.