鼻及鼻咽孤立性髓外浆细胞瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的探讨鼻及鼻咽孤立性髓外浆细胞瘤的CT和MRI表现,并评价两种影像学检查方法的临床应用价值。资料与方法回顾性分析8例经组织学证实鼻及鼻咽孤立性髓外浆细胞瘤患者的影像学资料。结果发生于鼻咽3例,上颌窦2例,鼻腔1例,鼻腔、筛窦及蝶窦1例,鼻腔、额窦、筛窦、蝶窦及上颌窦1例;病变边界较清楚,呈椭圆形3例,分叶状5例;病变最大径20～92mm,平均49mm。CT表现:鼻部病变造成周围骨质变形、变薄、移位、吸收,其中3例伴局部破坏;鼻咽病变位于黏膜下,黏膜表面光滑,邻近骨质未受累。与脑实质比较,平扫7例呈等密度,1例呈不均匀高密度;增强后2例呈中度、较均匀强化,1例呈不均匀高度强化。MRI表现:T1WI、T2WI均呈等信号,其中7例T1WI信号较均匀,T2WI散在细条状略高信号,另1例可见片状短T1、长T2出血信号;增强后病变中度强化6例,显著强化2例,其中7例病变内可见强化更明显的细条状间隔,对应T2WI所示略高信号。3例动态增强扫描的时间-信号强度曲线均为速升缓降型。MRI均清楚显示病变的范围、伴发的炎症及术后的复发。结论鼻部病变所致骨质变形和吸收、鼻咽病变黏膜下生长、MRI平扫等信号和增强后所示间隔强化是鼻及...     

鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌的CT和MRI特点。方法回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的9例鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌CT和MRI表现。结果 9例中肿瘤位于筛窦及额窦2例,上颌窦2例,鼻腔2例,筛窦及鼻腔1例,上颌窦及鼻腔1例,筛窦1例。肿瘤大小2.1~11.5cm,平均(4.7±0.7)cm,其中5.0cm 6例。CT检查9例:肿瘤呈不规则形7例,长条状息肉样1例,多发斑片状1例。肿瘤界限不清楚6例,界限清楚3例。肿瘤密度不均匀8例,密度均匀1例。肿瘤呈等密度4例,呈略高密度3例,呈略低密度2例。伴骨质侵袭性破坏6例,呈膨胀性破坏1例;肿瘤侵犯其他窦腔和侵犯鼻窦外组织5例。肿瘤沿神经蔓延生长5例。CT增强6例:实质部分明显强化4例,中度强化2例。MRI检查3例:T1WI呈等或等低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,DWI呈高信号。结论鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌CT和MRI表现具有特征性,结合临床可以提示本病可能。     

鼻腔鼻窦神经鞘瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨鼻腔鼻窦神经鞘瘤的CT和MRI表现,并评价2种影像检查方法的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析12例经组织学证实鼻腔鼻窦神经鞘瘤的影像资料,12例均做cT检查,10例做MR检查.结果 12例神经鞘瘤中良性11例,低度恶性1例;发生于鼻筛区4例,上颌窦3例,上颌窦、筛窦及蝶窦2例,上颌窦、鼻腔1例,蝶窦1例,后鼻孔1例;病变边界清楚,呈椭圆形4例,不规则形8例.CT表现:病变区轮廓扩大,相应鼻腔鼻窦骨质受压、变薄、移位,其中8例伴局部吸收,1例伴轻微侵蚀性破坏;平扫病变密度均匀10例,另2例其内可见低密度区,增强后2例病变显示不均匀强化.MRI表现:与脑实质比较,T1WI呈等信号,其中3例可见片状及结节状低信号,2例伴有片状高信号;T2WI呈不均匀等信号7例,稍高信号3例,其中2例伴有片状低信号;9例病变内可见点、片状高信号,其中6例伴有规整的结节状高信号,1例显示液-液面;增强后9例显示中度或显著不均匀强化,1例较均匀显著强化.2例行MR动态增强扫描,时间.信号强度曲线为平台型.6例伴有阻塞性鼻窦炎,T1WI为低信号,T2WI为高信号,增强后其内部不强化,边缘可见线状强化.MRI均清楚显示病变的范围和伴发的炎症.结论 骨质变形、变薄、吸收和MR T2WI所示斑片、结节状高信号并且增强后无强化为该病特征性表现;CT和MR两种影像检查方法联合使用能够对该病的诊断、治疗提供更全面的信息.     

鼻腔鼻窦SMARCB1缺失癌临床及影像学特征

目的探讨鼻腔鼻窦SMARCB1缺失癌临床及影像学特征。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2021年11月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院经手术病理证实的16例鼻腔鼻窦SMARCB1缺失癌, 免疫组化染色均为SMARCB1阴性表达。总结其临床及影像学特点, 包括分期、肿瘤位置、大小、CT密度及骨质改变、MRI信号、增强特点、动态增强扫描时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)类型、扩散加权成像(DWI)信号及表观扩散系数(ADC)值, 并将14例患者的ADC值与病理Ki-67增殖指数进行Pearson相关性分析。结果 16例SMARCB1缺失癌临床分期T4期12例、T3期4例;发生于筛窦4例、鼻腔1例、鼻腔和筛窦8例、筛窦和上颌窦1例、筛窦和额窦1例、筛窦和蝶窦1例;肿瘤最大径(4.5±1.2)cm。CT呈等密度13例, 密度不均匀伴局部坏死3例。骨质改变包括13例局限性骨质侵蚀破坏, 3例广泛性骨质侵袭破坏。与邻近肌肉相比, 16例T1WI均呈等信号, 3例局部可见低信号;T2WI呈等信号9例、高信号7例, 内部可见条带状低信号6例。MRI轻度强化11例、中等强化5例, 不均匀强化6例、均匀强化10例。1...     

鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的影像学诊断

目的探讨鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的CT及MRI表现特征。材料和方法回顾性分析21例经病理证实的鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者的CT和MRI影像学资料及临床资料。结果本组21例中单侧7例,双侧14例,依据病变范围将本病分为局限型和弥漫型两种类型。局限型13例,主要位于鼻腔内,其中鼻腔前部11例,鼻腔后部2例;骨质改变不明显,浸润鼻旁或面部皮下组织9例,弥漫型8例,肿瘤范围广泛并向鼻腔周围结构浸润扩展,其中累及鼻旁窦7例,侵入眼眶1例、颞下窝2例,延伸至鼻咽、口咽部并累及咽旁间隙6例,骨质破坏7例,颈部淋巴结受累1例。CT显示肿瘤呈软组织密度充填鼻腔并沿鼻黏膜蔓延,增强后轻到中度不均匀强化。MRIT1WI肿瘤呈等信号,信号强度类似或稍低于肌肉;T2WI呈不均匀稍高信号,信号强度高于肌肉,但低于鼻黏膜,增强后轻到中度不均匀强化。结论鼻腔NK/T细胞型淋巴瘤影像学表现有一定特征,CT、MRI检查可提示诊断,有利于确定病变范围及临床分期。     

鼻腔、鼻窦血管外皮瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨鼻腔、鼻窦血管外皮瘤的CT和MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析9例经组织学证实鼻腔、鼻窦血管外皮瘤的CT(9例)和MRI(7例)资料,并分析其中3例动态增强扫描的TIC.结果 血管外皮瘤位于鼻腔5例、上颌窦3例,蝶窦1例;病变呈梭形4例、类圆形3例,不规则形2例,病灶最大径18～52 mm,平均31 mm,边界清楚7例,模糊2例.CT表现:与脑灰质比较,平扫病变呈等密度6例,略高密度3例,2例增强后呈较均匀的显著强化;邻近骨质受压、吸收7例,骨质侵蚀破坏2例.MRI表现:与脑灰质比较,T1WI呈较均匀低信号、T2WI呈高信号3例,T1WI、T2WI均呈等信号4例,其中2例信号不均匀;增强后显著均匀强化4例,不均匀强化3例.3例TIC均为持续上升型.病变侵犯眼眶2例,侵犯海绵窦、前颅底脑膜及翼腭窝、颞下窝1例.5例随访3～8年,其中2例复发.结论 MRI增强后显著强化、持续上升型TIC是鼻腔、鼻窦血管外皮瘤较典型的影像表现;骨质表现有助于良、恶性判断;影像检查能够准确显示病变的范围.     

CT和MRI对鼻腔和鼻窦腺样囊性癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨CT和MRI在鼻腔和鼻窦腺样囊性癌(adenoid cystic carcinoma, ACC)中的应用价值. 方法 回顾性分析13例经手术病理证实的鼻腔和鼻窦ACC的临床及影像学资料.结果 肿块发生于鼻腔5例,其中左侧4例、右侧1例、双侧1例,筛窦4例,其中左侧2例、右侧1例、双侧1例,上颌窦3例,均为左侧.CT表现:所有病变均呈形态不规则的软组织肿块影,其中7例呈等、低混杂密度,4例呈等密度影,2例为等、低混杂密度影中夹杂斑片状高密度影.病变均呈膨胀性生长,与周围组织分界不清楚,邻近骨质均可见不同程度的骨质破坏.5例累及翼腭窝,表现为翼腭窝扩大,其内脂肪间隙变窄,软组织密度影填充.MRI表现:6例行MRI检查病例均呈混杂信号,T1WI呈等、低信号,T2WI呈等、高信号;增强扫描均呈不均匀强化.发生于双侧筛窦的1例见病变邻近脑膜增厚、强化.结论 CT和MRI联合应用,能为制订鼻腔和鼻窦ACC手术方案提供更多信息.     

鼻腔鼻窦NUT基因相关性癌临床和影像学特征分析

目的分析5例鼻腔鼻窦NUT基因相关性癌(NUT中线癌)临床及影像学表现。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年12月间首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院经免疫组化病理证实的5例鼻腔鼻窦NUT中线癌患者。男1例、女4例, 年龄15～48岁, 中位年龄19岁。术前均接受CT和MR检查, 收集患者临床资料。观察肿瘤位置、CT密度、骨质改变、钙化、肿瘤大小、T1WI及T2WI信号、扩散加权成像(DWI)信号及表观扩散系数(ADC)、动态增强扫描时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)类型。随访患者治疗和预后情况。结果 5例NUT中线癌均为T4期, 发生于鼻腔、筛窦、蝶窦、上颌窦1例, 鼻腔、上颌窦1例, 鼻腔、筛窦3例。CT呈等密度3例, 密度不均匀伴局部坏死2例;钙化3例;骨质侵蚀4例, 骨质侵蚀伴骨质破坏1例。MRI横断面最大径4.2～4.9 cm, 中位数4.5 cm。与邻近颞肌相比, T1WI呈等信号5例, 2例局部可见低信号;T2WI呈等信号3例, 2例呈稍高信号。增强后强化不均匀, 轻度强化3例, 中等强化2例。TIC Ⅲ型(速升流出型)3例, Ⅱ型(速升平台型)2例。DWI信号均不同程度增高, ...     

鼻腔及鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤的影像学表现

目的 分析鼻腔和鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤的CT与MRI表现,提高诊断及鉴别水平.资料与方法 经病理证实的鼻腔、鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤8例,均行CT平扫,其中4例行增强扫描;MRI检查2例,同时行平扫和增强扫描.结果 良性4例,恶性4例.肿瘤原发于鼻腔4例,上颌窦3例,筛窦1例,无一例发生颈淋巴结转移.肿块在CT上多呈较均匀中等密度,3例密度不均;MRI T1WI呈中等信号,T2WI示中等或不均匀稍高信号,增强扫描肿瘤呈轻至中度强化或边缘强化.结论 鼻腔、鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤的CT与MRI表现无显著特异性,均能很好地显示肿瘤侵犯范围及骨质破坏情况.     

鼻硬结病CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨鼻硬结病的CT和MRI表现，提高其诊断准确性。资料与方法回顾性分析10例经病理证实的鼻硬结病的影像学资料。结果起源于鼻腔7例，鼻窦3例。CT表现：鼻腔硬结病表现为实性软组织影2例，索条影5例，7例均见中下鼻甲破坏，4例鼻中隔破坏；7例均侵及邻近鼻窦，其中上颌窦内壁可见不同程度的骨质破坏，其余各窦壁骨质明显增生硬化，以上颌窦、蝶窦最显著；2例侵犯眼眶，侵犯翼腭窝及颅内各1例。鼻窦硬结病表现为窦腔充以不规则软组织肿块影，相应处窦壁骨质破坏，同时伴周围骨质硬化，3例均侵犯翼腭窝，2例侵犯眼眶及颅内。MRI表现：T1WI呈等信号(与脑实质比较)3例，稍高信号4例；T277I呈等信号2例，明显低信号5例，但信号不均匀；均可见不同程度强化；窦腔外周伴阻塞性炎症，T1WI呈等或稍低信号，T2WI呈明显高信号，有明显强化。结论CT可清楚显示骨质改变，是诊断鼻腔硬结病的主要影像方法；MRI能准确显示病变向邻近结构侵犯的范围，为临床分期、制定治疗方案提供依据。CT和MRI两种影像方法结合能较准确地对鼻窦硬结病作出诊断。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）