北柴胡愈伤组织诱导、分化及不定芽增殖条件研究

目的研究北柴胡叶片、茎段和花芽愈伤组织诱导、分化和不定芽增殖的条件,探讨快速繁殖的新途径。方法选择优良的北柴胡类型,在附加不同种类、不同质量浓度和不同配比外源植物激素的MS培养基中,进行不同外植体愈伤组织的诱导和分化培养以及愈伤组织再生植株的繁殖和生根培养。结果附加2,4-D 1.0 mg/L、KT0.5 mg/L和6-BA 0.5 mg/L的MS培养基最适合于叶片、茎和花芽愈伤组织的诱导,其中以花芽愈伤组织的诱导效果最好;在附加6-BA 1.0 mg/L、NAA 0.03 mg/L和CM 15%、CH500 mg/L的培养基中,愈伤组织的分化率最高;附加6-BA 1.5 mg/L、NAA 0.05 mg/L和CH 250 mg/L的MS培养基为芽苗增殖的适宜培养基;附加NAA0.5 mg/L的1/2 MS培养基是生根的适宜培养基。结论北柴胡的茎段和花芽外植体在适宜的激素组合中均可通过愈伤组织途径分化出不定芽,继而得到正常生长、发育的再生植株。     

甘西鼠尾草愈伤组织诱导、增殖及分化研究

目的 考察不同质量浓度激素组合对甘西鼠尾草愈伤组织诱导、增殖及分化的影响。方法 以甘西鼠尾草叶片为外植体,采用正交试验研究2,4-D、NAA、6-BA、KT对愈伤组织诱导及增殖的影响,并探讨适宜愈伤组织分化的培养条件。结果 以诱导率和相对生长速率为指标,6-BA和2,4-D均对甘西鼠尾草细胞脱分化和细胞增殖具有显著影响,愈伤组织诱导的最佳激素组合为2,4-D 0.5 mg/L＋NAA 1.0 mg/L＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L,增殖的最佳激素组合为2,4-D 0.5 mg/L＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L＋KT 0.1 mg/L,MS＋NAA 0.5 mg/L＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L的培养基有利于不定芽的分化,而1/2 MS＋IBA 1.0 mg/L的培养基则有利于不定根的分化。结论 本实验所建立的组织培养体系,适宜甘西鼠尾草的植株再生。     

乌头离体培养和快速繁殖

目的建立乌头的快繁体系。方法利用组织培养的方法,设置18种、9种和12种不同激素处理组合的培养基分别诱导乌头不同外植体愈伤组织、诱导愈伤组织丛生芽的分化、诱导再生苗的生根。结果适合乌头茎尖和茎段愈伤组织诱导的培养基为:MS NAA0.2mg/L 6-BA2.0mg/L PVP(或AC)3.0g/L;适合叶片愈伤组织诱导的培养基为:MS NAA0.2mg/L 6-BA4.0mg/L PVP(或AC)3.0g/L;适合愈伤组织增殖与丛生芽诱导的培养基为:MS NAA0.2mg/L 6-BA2.5mg/L LH200mg/L PVP3.0g/L和MS NAA0.1mg/L 6-BA2.0mg/L LH200mg/L PVP3.0g/L。适合诱导生根的培养基为:MS IBA1mg/L AC3.0g/L。结论以乌头茎尖、叶片、茎段及带或不带腋芽的茎段作为外植体进行离体培养,可以实现乌头种苗的工厂化快速繁殖。     

水半夏组培快繁体系的建立

目的 建立水半夏的组培快繁体系,为快速、大量生产水半夏种苗提供基础。方法 利用不同植物激素配比的培养基,以水半夏块茎为外植体进行试验。结果 愈伤培养基MS＋NAA 0.2 mg/L＋KT 1.0 mg/L＋蔗糖3 %＋琼脂6 g/L可成功诱导水半夏愈伤组织;丛生芽培养基MS＋NAA 0.2 mg/L＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L＋蔗糖3 %＋琼脂6 g/L诱导不定芽效果较好,增殖倍数高;生根培养基1/2 MS＋NAA 0.2 mg/L＋IBA 0.4 mg/L＋KT 0.2 mg/L＋蔗糖3 %＋琼脂6 g/L＋AC 0.3 g/L,有利于水半夏不定根的快速形成,12～14周即可获得再生水半夏植株。培养基MS＋NAA 0.2 mg/L＋6-BA 1.5 mg/L＋蔗糖3 %＋琼脂6 g/L为诱导水半夏分化一次性成苗的最佳激素配比,5～6周可形成试管苗,10周后可用于炼苗。结论 建立的水半夏组培快繁体系为水半夏优良品种的快速繁殖奠定基础,且可应用于工厂化生产水半夏种苗。     

黄花石蒜不定根的离体诱导与培养研究

目的摸索黄花石蒜不定根的离体诱导与培养条件,并对其有效成分加兰他敏进行初步检测。方法以黄花石蒜双鳞片为外植体,接种于不同培养基上,观察长根情况;以离体培养的不定根为材料,检测其是否含有有效成分加兰他敏。结果双鳞片在MS 2,4-D2mg/L培养基中能诱导出愈伤组织;愈伤组织在MS IBA1mg/L BA0.1 mg/L中诱导生根最佳;薄层色谱显示黄花石蒜不定根的培养品中含加兰他敏。结论离体培养黄花石蒜的不定根,可能成为加兰他敏的一个新来源。     

南方红豆杉愈伤组织生长动力学及紫杉醇代谢动力学研究

目的 通过愈伤组织细胞生长及其紫杉醇代谢动力学的研究,筛选确定南方红豆杉愈伤组织培养生产紫杉醇的最佳培养基配方与最佳收获期。方法 以改良MS为基本培养基添加不同质量浓度的IBA、6-BA、GA₃组合诱导培养南方红豆杉愈伤组织,通过测定愈伤组织鲜质量进行生长动力学研究,采用HPLC法检测不同生长阶段愈伤组织中紫杉醇的积累量,进行紫杉醇代谢动力学研究。结果 改良MS＋0.2 mg/L IBA＋0.05 mg/L 6-BA＋0.3 mg/L GA₃、MS＋0.2 mg/L IBA＋0.01 mg/L 6-BA＋0.7 mg/L GA₃及MS＋0.2 mg/L IBA＋0.1 mg/L 6-BA＋0.5 mg/L GA₃培养条件均较有利于南方红豆杉愈伤组织的诱导培养,且紫杉醇的积累量也较高,最高可达0.037 76%。结论 在添加IBA及6-BA的基础上适当增补GA₃可使南方红豆杉愈伤组织诱导提前启动,缩短出愈时间,促进生长,降低褐变程度,增加愈伤组织中紫杉醇的积累量。愈伤组织的生长曲线呈S型,紫杉醇的积累呈线型增加,是一个逐渐积累的过程,但积累到一定程度就不再增加,且伴随着愈伤组织不断褐变。     

红树莓植株再生系统的建立

目的 建立红树莓的再生系统,短期内获得量优质种苗。方法 利用红树莓的茎尖和茎段作为外植体,采用正交实验设计筛选培养基。结果 筛选出了红树莓愈伤组织、不定芽不定根的最佳诱导培养基,在实验室建立了程序简单、重复性好的再生系统,实现了红树莓组培苗的快速繁殖。结论 用MS培养基作为基本培养基,附加BA0.2mg/L NAA 1.0-1.5mg/L适用于愈伤组织的诱导;附加BA 1mg/L NAA 0.1-0.2mg/L GA3 6-8mg/L CH 300mg/L适于芽的诱导;附加BA 1mg/L NAA 0.1mg/L GA3 2mg/L适于芽的繁殖;附加IBA 0.1mg/L NAA 0.5mg/L适于根的诱导。     

马兜铃的组织培养与植株再生

探讨马兜铃经组织培养再生植株的条件。【方法】以马兜铃叶片作为外植体,以1／2MS、MS和改良MS培养基为基本培养基,在这些基本培养基上分别添加相应的植物激素而成为诱导马兜铃愈伤组织的培养基,观察:①3种基本培养基对诱导马兜铃愈伤组织的优劣;②不同pH值环境对诱导马兜铃愈伤组织的影响;③在相同的基本培养基中分别或同时加入不同种和不同量的植物激素(包括细胞分裂素KT或6-BA和生长激素NAA)后,对诱导马兜铃愈伤组织的影响。【结果】①在3种基本培养基中加入相同的植物激素(0．1mg／L的KT和0．2mg／L的NAA)后,MS和改良MS培养基均能诱导大量的愈伤组织,而1／2MS培养基则未能诱导;②相同的培养基(改良MS培养基加入0．1 mg／L的KT和0．2 mg／L的 NAA)分别置于pH=5.8、pH=7．0、pH=8．0的环境中时,后两者均能诱导大量的愈伤组织,而前者则只能诱导很少量的愈伤组织;③在相同的基本培养基(改良MS培养基)中分别单独加入细胞分裂素和单独加入生长激素,前者未见诱导出愈伤组织,而后者能诱导出来;将不同种和不同量的植物激素组成各种组合加入到相同的基本培养基(改良MS培养基) 中,所形成的各种培养基对诱导马兜铃愈伤组织的影响观察显示,加入生长激素过多时,细胞分裂过快,导致愈伤组织松散而不利于芽的分化,加入过少时愈伤组织诱导率不高;最佳的培养基组合是在改良MS培养基中加入1 mg/L KT、0．5 mg／L NAA的培养基。【结论】以MS或改良MS为基本培养基,并在此基础上添加1 mg/L的KT和0．5 mg／L的NAA组成诱导愈伤组织的培养基,在pH=7．0～8．0的碱性环境下培养,是马兜铃经组织培养能较好地诱导愈伤组织的条件。     

杭白菊子叶和下胚轴组织培养技术的研究

目的以杭白菊子叶和下胚轴为外植体进行组织培养,寻找适宜诱导菊花子叶和下胚轴愈伤组织发生和分化的激素配比。方法采用不同的激素配比MS培养基对杭白菊子叶和下胚轴分别培养。结果试验设计的培养基均能诱导产生愈伤组织,但不同的激素配比对芽诱导分化的影响不同。其中MS IAA0.3mg/L 6-BA12mg/L诱导菊花子叶和下胚轴得到的愈伤组织粗大且致密;MS IAA0.3mg/L 6-BA4mg/L适宜子叶不定芽的诱导,诱导率为67.5%;MS KT2mg/L NAA0.2mg/L适宜下胚轴不定芽的诱导,诱导率为62.5%;生根培养采用1/2MS NAA0.1mg/L,7d后生根率为100%。结论本实验建立了以杭白菊子叶和下胚轴为外植体的高频快繁体系,不定芽诱导频率高且生长健壮。     

林荫银莲花组织培养研究

目的 研究林荫银莲花 Anemone flaccida组织培养技术,为保护与合理利用这一珍稀中药资源提供新的方法和技术途径。方法 筛选适合组织培养的最佳外植体,并研究不同植物生长调节物质对林荫银莲花愈伤组织诱导和芽分化的影响。结果 在MS培养基中添加2.0 mg/L 6-BA和1.0 mg/L NAA,在温度17 ℃条件下培养有利于愈伤组织诱导和芽的分化;生长健壮的芽为最佳外植体,其愈伤组织诱导率可达85.7%,且易分化形成不定芽和拟球茎;在1/2MS+0.2 mg/L NAA培养基上,5 ℃条件下培养,再生拟球茎和不定芽生根良好。结论 本研究为林荫银莲花种苗繁殖提供了有效途径,为其人工扩大栽培奠定了良好基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.