iNOS在皮肤肿瘤中的表达及其意义

目的:检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)在皮肤良恶性肿瘤中的表达。方法:采用免疫组织化学技术检测25例脂溢性角化病、25例光线性角化病、25例基底细胞癌、30例鳞状细胞癌(I级13例,II-III级17例)、10例正常皮肤组织中iNOS的表达。结果:2例(8.00%)脂溢性角化病、13例(52.00%)光线性角化病、11例(44.00%)基底细胞癌、22例(73.33%)鳞状细胞癌中iNOS呈阳性表达,正常皮肤表达均为阴性。iNOS在鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌及光线性角化病中的阳性率明显高于脂溢性角化病组(P<0.01),鳞状细胞癌组与光线性角化病组间无明显差别(P>0.05),与其他各组间差异显著(P<0.01或P<0.05),II III级鳞状细胞癌iNOS表达明显高于I级鳞状细胞癌(P<0.05)。结论:皮肤肿瘤中存在iNOS的表达,其合成的一氧化氮可能在皮肤的癌前病变及恶性肿瘤的发生、发展中起到一定的作用。其表达可能有助于皮肤肿瘤恶性度及预后的判断。     

皮肤CT在常见皮肤肿瘤中的应用进展

共聚焦激光扫描显微镜1995年开始应用于临床辅助诊断,它具有高分辨率、实时、无创、动态以及可重复性的特点。近年来其对皮肤肿瘤性疾病的良恶性鉴别诊断、早期恶性肿瘤的辅助诊断、手术范围选择及术后随访等方面都有很高的应用价值,所占优势也日益显著。     

皮肤透明细胞肿瘤

本文简要介绍了具有透明细胞的皮肤肿瘤的病理特征。这些肿瘤有细胞来源 ,如表皮细胞、黑素细胞、汗腺细胞、皮脂腺细胞、脂肪细胞等。了解这些肿瘤的病理特点有助于临床及病理上鉴别诊断。     

皮肤划痕症患者血清超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及丙二醛的检测及意义

目的：探讨皮肤划痕症患者氧化一抗氧化活性及意义。方法：40例皮肤划痕症患者检测血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,丙二醛（MDA）,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）含量,并与正常对照组相比。结果：病例组SOD,GSH—PX活性明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）,MDA高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：在皮肤划痕症的发病机制中存在着氧化-抗氧化系统的失衡。     

抗凋亡基因Bcl－2在皮肤角朊细胞肿瘤中的表达

Ｂｃｌ－２是一种原癌基因，它可阻断程序化细胞死亡（细胞凋亡），我们用免疫组化标记Ｂｃｌ－２在１２例基底细胞癌和１０例鳞状细胞癌，结果示正常皮肤基底层细胞呈阳性，基底层以上各层细胞阴性；所有基底细胞癌均呈阳性。提示Ｂｃｌ－２在基底细胞癌的发生、发展中可能起着重要作用。     

皮肤镜在皮肤肿瘤诊断中的应用

皮肤镜是一种可以观察表皮下各种亚微观结构的辅助诊断工具,它能够提高皮肤疾病诊断的准确率,减少误诊,同时还具有无创、简便等优点,因此其在皮肤科尤其在皮肤肿瘤领域中的应用越来越广泛,并显示了较大的临床诊断优势.笔者就皮肤镜在常见皮肤肿瘤性疾病诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用情况做一综述.     

皮肤肿瘤与细胞凋亡

细胞凋亡是受遗传控制的单个细胞自灭过程,是机体维持稳态的重要机制之一。该文综述了细胞凋亡的形态学特点与相关调控基因及其与皮肤肿瘤的关系,并可利用细胞凋亡进行基因治疗。     

Expression of glutathione S-transferase-pi in malignant skin tumors.

GST-pi has been known to be markedly increased in human (pre) neoplasms of several organs. In this paper, the significance of immunohistochemical detection of GST-pi in human malignant tumors of the skin was studied. In specimens from 40 patients with various skin cancers, malignant melanoma, Paget's disease and undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma showed strong reactivity in GST-pi staining. The reactions were negative or weak in Bowen's disease, basal cell epithelioma and solar keratosis. In normal melanocytes, eccrine, apocrine, and breast gland cells stained positively but not in keratinocytes, sebaceus gland and fibroblasts. While immunohistochemical detection of GST-pi in the skin was not specific for malignancies, it contributed to aid the distinction of squamous cell carcinoma from other keratinocytic tumors. GST-pi might provide potentially useful information on chemosensitivity of skin cancer, and might serve as a biomarker of disease activity.     

Opposite regulation of tyrosinase and glutathione peroxidase by intracellular thiols in human melanoma cells

Received: 16 July 1996     

Anti-apoptotic role of S100A8 in X-ray irradiated keratinocytes

BACKGROUND: Ionizing radiation is used to treat a lot of cancers, however, it also produced unwanted side effect on normal tissues, such as radiodermatitis. We previously established an animal model for radiodermatitis, and identified many of radiation-induced genes by cDNA microarray. Of the candidates, we chose S100A8 gene for a further study. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the functional role of S100A8 in X-ray irradiated keratinocytes. METHODS: RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to demonstrate the S100A8 induction by X-ray irradiation. HaCaT keratinocytes were transduced with the recombinant adenovirus expressing GFP-S100A8, and then effects on cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry and Western blot. RESULTS: X-ray irradiation markedly induced S100A8 expression in the hyperplastic epidermis of mouse. Overexpression of S100A8 by adenoviral transduction led to the enhancement of cell proliferation in the absence and/or presence of X-ray irradiation, as compared with Ad/GFP control group. Furthermore, overexpression of S100A8 significantly protected the X-ray-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that S100A8 have an anti-apoptotic role in X-ray irradiated keratinocytes.     

皮肤颗粒细胞瘤1例

患者女,34岁,右侧阴唇皮疹10月。组织病理示真皮中下部可见弥漫性巢状排列的肿瘤细胞,细胞核大,核深染,免疫组化标记S-100,CD68(+)。诊断:皮肤颗粒细胞瘤。     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in normal epidermis, epithelial tumors and cultured keratinocytes

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an endothelium-specific growth factor and microvessel hypermeability factor, is expressed and secreted by several kinds of cells and is implicated in angiogenesis of tumors. The present study was performed to determine the relationship between the expression of VEGF in normal skin, benign and malignant epithelial lesions and cultured keratinocytes and the proliferative activity and degree of differentiation of keratinocytes. Skin lesions were studied immunohistochemically by staining with two anti-VEGF antibodies and secretion and production of VEGF by keratinocyte cultures were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Low to moderate VEGF expression was observed in normal epidermis. In epithelial tumors, different reactivity patterns were observed and different areas of the same tumor expressed different amounts of VEGF. A more prominent labelling occurred in proliferative layers and/or more differentiated cells of virus-induced lesions, squamous cell carcinomas and Bowen’s disease, whereas basal cell carcinomas always stained weakly for VEGF. In cultured keratinocytes, the amount of cell-associated and secreted VEGF increased with time, and the constitutively produced VEGF was mostly released extracellularly. High calcium concentrations upregulated the intracellular content of VEGF but downregulated its release. Taken together, these results showed a modulated expression and release of VEGF in relation to the stage of cell differentiation and in rapidly growing or activated keratinocytes. Received: 22 April 1996     

皮肌炎并发恶性肿瘤患者P53蛋白表达的研究

目的：探讨P53蛋白在皮肌炎并发恶性肿瘤过程中的作用。方法：应用免疫组化技术对皮肌炎患者的肿瘤组织细胞及外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)P53蛋白的表达进行了检测。结果：1例皮肌炎并发卵巢癌患者的肿瘤细胞及PBMCs均表达P53蛋白，另1例皮肌炎并发鼻咽癌患者的肿瘤细胞、浸润单个核细胞及PBMCs均表达P53蛋白。其它15例未并发恶性肿瘤的皮肌炎患者中有1例PBMCs表达P53蛋白。20例正常对照均阴性。结论：p53基因的种系突变在皮肌炎并发恶性肿瘤中可发能发挥重要作用。