硬膜外自控镇痛在老年骨科手术患者中的镇痛效果及对其术后应激的影晌

目的：研究分析硬膜外自控镇痛在老年骨科手术患者中的镇痛效果及对其术后应激的影响。方法：选取于本院进行手术治疗的90例老年骨科患者为研究对象，将90例患者随机分为对照组（静脉自控镇痛组）45例和观察组（硬膜外自控镇痛组）45例，然后将两组患者术后不同时间的疼痛程度、血清疼痛依存指标与围术期的血清氧化应激、应激激素水平进行比较。结果：观察组术后6、12h与48h的疼痛程度、血清疼痛依存指标均低于对照组，术后1、3d及5d血清氧化应激、应激激素水平也好于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：硬膜外自控镇痛在老年骨科手术患者中的镇痛效果较好，对患者术后应激的控制效果也较好。     

硬膜外自控镇痛对老年胸外科手术患者术后疼痛及呼吸功能的影响探究

目的:探究硬膜外自控镇痛对老年胸外科手术患者术后疼痛及呼吸功能的影响.方法:选取2015年10月—2016年7月广州中医药大学顺德医院收治的60例老年胸外科手术患者作为研究对象,将60例患者按照随机分配的原则分为两组,对照组的30例老年手术患者以哌替啶肌内注射镇痛,观察组的30例老年手术患者进行硬膜外自控镇痛.检测与比较两组患者不同时间的疼痛评分、疼痛应激指标及呼吸功能指标.结果:术前两组手术患者的疼痛评分、疼痛应激指标及呼吸功能指标均差异无统计学意义(F=5.412,χ2=5.968,P>0.05),观察组患者术后不同时间的疼痛评分均低于对照组,疼痛应激指标均低于对照组,呼吸功能指标也均好于对照组(F=6.612、5.601、5.754,P<0.05;F=5.436、5.332、6.123,P<0.05),两组患者术后评估结果间差异有统计学意义.结论:硬膜外自控镇痛对老年胸外科手术患者术后疼痛及呼吸功能的影响相对较好,对于疼痛的控制及呼吸状态的改善具有一定的临床意义.     

硬膜外自控镇痛对老年骨折手术患者呼吸、循环及血管活性物质的影响观察

目的:观察硬膜外自控镇痛对老年骨折手术患者呼吸、循环及血管活性物质的影响。方法:选取2017年3月-2018年12月本院60例老年骨折手术患者为研究对象,依据术后镇痛方式的不同分为对照组(肌内注射镇痛)和观察组(硬膜外自控镇痛),每组30例。比较两组术后不同时间的疼痛程度、手术前后的呼吸、循环指标及血管活性物质。结果:术后12、24 h,观察组疼痛程度均优于对照组(P0.05)。术前,两组各呼吸、循环指标及血管活性物质比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),术后12、24 h,观察组各呼吸、循环指标及血管活性物质均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:硬膜外自控镇痛对老年骨折手术患者呼吸、循环及血管活性物质的影响相对较好,更为适用于老年骨折手术患者。     

硬膜外自控镇痛对胸外科手术患者术后疼痛程度与疼痛介质表达的影响

目的：探究硬膜外自控镇痛对胸外科手术患者术后疼痛程度与疼痛介质表达的影响。方法：选取2019年9月-2020年4月九江学院附属医院收治的86例胸外科手术患者为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组(静脉自控镇痛)和观察组(硬膜外自控镇痛),每组43例。比较两组术后12、24、48 h静息及咳嗽时的疼痛程度(VAS评分)、手术前后的疼痛介质(PGE₂、SP)及应激反应指标(Cor、ACTH)。结果：术后12、24、48 h,观察组静息及咳嗽时的VAS评分均显著优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,两组的疼痛介质及应激反应指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后12、24、48 h,观察组的疼痛介质及应激反应指标均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：硬膜外自控镇痛可显著改善胸外科手术患者的术后疼痛程度与疼痛介质表达情况,在胸外科手术患者中的应用价值相对较高。     

硬膜外自控镇痛应用于剖宫产术后止痛的临床研究

目的 探讨硬膜外自控镇痛(PECA)在剖宫产术后止痛中的临床应用.方法 将156例剖宫产术后患者随机等分为PECA组与对照组,分别应用硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)和传统止痛方法,对镇痛效果进行比较观察.结果 PECA组术后镇痛效果明显优于对照组,下床活动时间、泌乳始动时间都明显早于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 剖宫产术后应用PECA镇痛能有效减轻术后疼痛,促进乳汁分泌和产后恢复,值得借鉴与推广.     

脉冲射频联合硬膜外自控镇痛治疗老年带状疱疹后神经痛的疗效和安全性分析

目的探讨脉冲射频联合硬膜外自控镇痛治疗老年带状疱疹后神经痛的疗效和安全性。方法选择该院2016年3月至2018年3月收治的老年带状疱疹后神经痛患者78例作为研究资料,随机分组两组各39例,对照组采用硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA),观察组为脉冲射频联合硬膜外自控镇痛,观察两组镇痛效果及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗前两组患者疼痛程度均较严重,评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后各阶段,观察组疼痛程度逐渐改善,且评分显著低于对照组(P 0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为15.38%,低于对照组的17.95%,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在老年带状疱疹后神经痛治疗中采取脉冲射频联合硬膜外自控镇痛方案利于有效缓解疼痛,提高患者生活质量,且不会增加不良反应发生,保证安全性,值得推广。     

腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉在老年股骨颈骨折患者手术中的应用

目的探讨老年股骨颈骨折手术患者实施腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉的临床效果。方法随机选取上蔡协和医院2012年11月至2015年1月期间收治的老年股骨颈骨折患者74例,按照麻醉方式的不同将其分为观察组和对照组,对照组患者行全身麻醉,观察组患者行腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉,对两组患者的麻醉效果及并发症发生情况进行分析。结果观察组患者麻醉期间低血压发生率明显高于对照组,高血压发生率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后VAS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论老年股骨颈骨折手术患者实施腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉,能有效缓解疼痛,降低并发症发生率,值得推广。     

镇痛泵用于普外科手术后镇痛的临床观察和护理

目的 探讨普外科手术患者术后使用硬膜外自控型镇痛泵镇痛的效果观察和护理.方法 选择200例普外科手术患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各100例,观察组术后保留硬膜外导管接镇痛泵给药,对照组术后即拔除硬膜外导管,按传统方法根据患者的疼痛情况使用镇痛剂.结果 1)与对照组比较,观察组术后4、8、12、24、48小时疼痛程度差异有显著统计学意义(p均＜0.01).2)两组的恶心、呕吐、呼吸困难、皮肤瘙痒、尿潴留发生率比较差异无统计学意义(p均＞0.05).结论 使用镇痛泵能有效地解决术后患者手术切口疼痛的问题,有助于患者术后提前下床活动,有利于患者的康复,减少术后并发症的发生.     

剖宫产术后应用硬膜外自控镇痛泵镇痛效果及恢复情况探讨

目的:观察与探讨剖宫产术后应用硬膜外自控镇痛泵镇痛效果及恢复情况.方法:本文选择了本院收治的200例剖宫产患者,将其随机分为观察组与对照组,每组100例,对照组在术后将硬膜外导管拔除,并依照产妇的疼痛程度肌肉注射盐酸哌替啶镇痛;观察组手术后不拔除硬膜外导管,并将其与自控镇痛泵连接.观察患者在手术48 h 后的镇痛情况、肛门排气及泌乳时间、24 h 哺乳次数等情况.结果:观察组术后48 h 的镇痛情况、肛门排气及泌乳时间、24 h 哺乳次数明显优于对照组,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:剖宫产术后应用硬膜外自控镇痛泵镇痛效果良好,操作简便、安全、不良反应小,对产妇术后的恢复具有很好的促进作用,值得临床推广使用.     

舒芬太尼与吗啡在老年患者前列腺电切术后镇痛的效果对比

目的:分析并对比舒芬太尼与吗啡在老年患者前列腺电切术后镇痛的效果。方法:选取64例前列腺电切术老年患者作为观察对象,将其依照随机表法分为甲组和乙组,每组各32例。所有患者均于腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉下完成手术;手术结束前10 min时,甲组患者吗啡药物进行硬膜外镇痛;乙组患者舒芬太尼药物进行硬膜外镇痛。观察并对比两组患者各时段疼痛评分、术后并发症发生率、镇痛泵按压次数及硬膜外自控镇痛用药剂量。结果:术后,两组患者间各时段的疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而甲组患者的并发症发生率、镇痛泵按压次数及自控镇痛用药剂量均比乙组患者的相应数据少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:针对接受前列腺电切术的老年患者应用舒芬太尼与吗啡实施术后镇痛,皆可发挥较良好的镇痛效果。但舒芬太尼实际应用中可有效减少患者术后并发症发生率,提高用药安全价值,因而值得在临床上积极推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.