3种方法检测痰标本结果临床应用对比分析

目的探讨痰液用涂片抗酸染色法、固体培养法和Xpert MTB/RIF检测技术3种方法检测痰结核分枝杆菌的阳性率对比。方法对350份疑似结核病人、150份临床确诊病人和80份非结核病人的痰标本分别做涂片抗酸染色法、固体培养法和Xpert MTB/RIF检测,并将结果进行比较。结果 350份痰标本中3种方法检测其中涂片检查阳性70份,阳性率为20.0%;固体培养阳性133份,阳性率为38.0%,Xpert MTB/RIF检测阳性154份,阳性率为44.0%;150份肺结核病人和80份非肺结核病人痰标本3种方法敏感性分别为19.2%(30/156)、34.6%(54/156)、46.1%(72/156)、0.0%(0/2)、0.0%(0/2)、100.0%(2/2)。80份非结核病人的痰标本中只有Xpert MTB/RIF检测技术检测出2份涂阳,且显示极其微量的结核菌阳性。结论 3种方法阳性检出率Xpert MTB/RIF检测技术最高,固体培养法次之,涂片染色法最低。建议在临床诊断结核中优先使用固体培养法和Xpert MTB/RIF法检测。     

肺泡灌洗液Gene Xpert MTB/RIF检测技术在肺结核早期诊断中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨Gene Xpert MTB/RIF对肺泡灌洗液中结核分枝杆菌及利福平耐药的早期诊断价值。方法:选取891例确诊肺结核患者为观察组,109例排除结核病患者为对照组,取肺泡灌洗液行浓缩集菌涂片抗酸染色、分枝杆菌液体培养及Gene Xpert MTB/RIF检测,比较两组患者Gene Xpert MTB/RIF检测阳性率及观察组三种检测方法的阳性率;分析观察组Gene Xpert MTB/RIF法对涂阳及涂阴标本中结核分枝杆菌的检测效能;并以分枝杆菌液体培养药敏试验结果为金标准,对Gene Xpert MTB/RIF法检测利福平耐药性的效能进行评价。结果:肺泡灌洗液Gene Xpert MTB/RIF法检测观察组阳性率为71.2%>对照组1.8%(P<0.05)。观察组肺泡灌洗液三种检测方法阳性率比较:Gene Xpert MTB/RIF检测法(71.2%)>分枝杆菌液体培养法(36.7%)>浓缩集菌涂片抗酸染色(21.2%),经两两比较,三者结果差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对观察组中涂阳标本的检测,分枝杆菌液体培养阳性率为89.4%、Gene Xpert MTB/RIF法的阳性率为93.1%,两种检测方法结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对涂阴标本的检测,分枝杆菌液体培养的阳性率为22.5%、Gene Xpert MTB/RIF法的阳性率为65.2%,两种检测方法结果比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Gene Xpert MTB/RIF检测利福平耐药灵敏度为100.0%、特异度为99.0%,两种方法一致性较高。结论:Gene Xpert MTB/RIF检测法能够快速、特异地同时检测肺泡灌洗液中结核分枝杆菌及利福平耐药性,尤其适用于对临床上涂阴肺结核患者的早期诊断。     

纤维支气管镜灌洗液Xpert MTB/RIF检测对肺结核诊断和利福平耐药菌株筛选的临床价值

目的探讨利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增(Xpert MTB/RIF)技术对肺结核诊断和利福平耐药菌株筛选的价值。方法选取2014年4月至2015年4月武汉市结核病防治所收治的疑诊为肺结核的患者193例,进行纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)灌洗液抗酸涂片、结核培养以及Xpert MTB/RIF检测,对结果进行分析,以罗氏比例法药物敏感试验作为金标准对RIF耐药情况进行分析。结果193例疑诊肺结核患者中153例确诊和临床诊断为肺结核,其中结核培养阳性61例,结核培养阴性92例,余40例为非结核肺部疾病患者。纤支镜灌洗液抗酸涂片、结核培养和Xpert MTB/RIF检测结核分枝杆菌(MTB)诊断肺结核的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度分别为20.3%、39.9%、62.1%;90.0%、95.0%、100.0%;88.6%、96.8%、100.0%;22.8%、29.2%、40.8%;34.7%、51.3%、69.9%。三种检测方法的受试者工作特征曲线曲线下面积分别为0.551、0.674、0.810,显示Xpert MTB/RIF检验诊断效能最大,与结核培养和抗酸涂片比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。92份结核培养阴性标本经Xpert MTB/RIF方法检出MTB 35份,其中循环阈值为中等含量者7份,低含量16份,极低含量12份。Xpert MTB/RIF检测RIF耐药的灵敏度为100.0%(14/14),特异度为93.6%(44/47)。结论 Xpert MTB/RIF技术对结核辅助诊断的临床价值优于抗酸涂片和结核培养,在结核分枝杆菌及其对利福平耐药快速检测方面有良好的应用前景。     

结核分枝杆菌/利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测系统在肺结核诊断中的应用

目的探讨结核分枝杆菌/利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测(Gene Xpert MTB/RIF)系统在肺结核诊断检测中的应用价值。方法选取396例肺结核门诊患者痰标本,分别进行Gene Xpert MTB/RIF系统、酸性罗氏培养及比例法药敏试验和抗酸染色涂片镜检,分析对比结果。结果在396例疑似肺结核患者中,Gene Xpert MTB/RIF系统阳性率为28.8%,在114例Gene Xpert MTB/RIF系统阳性数中,酸性罗氏培养阳性符合率为71.0%,涂片抗酸染色镜检符合率为16.7%,在114例GeneXpertMTB/RIF系统检测阳性且在酸性罗氏培养阳性并鉴定为MTB的菌株中,GeneXpertMTB/RIF系统检测利福平耐药5例,在比例法药敏试验中利福平耐药4例,符合率为80%。结论GeneXpertMTB/RIF系统在结核病的早期诊断检测和治疗中具有重要的价值意义。     

Xpert MTB/RIF对初治涂阴肺结核支气管肺泡灌洗液检测的研究

目的 探讨Xpert MTB/RIF检测支气管肺泡灌洗液对初治涂阴肺结核的早期快速诊断价值。方法 对南通市第六人民医院2015年6月—2018年1月连续三次痰涂片阴性的疑似初治肺结核住院患者332例,在抗结核治疗前行支气管镜检查,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液（Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF）,行结核分枝杆菌涂片、BACTEC MGIT960快速培养及Xpert MTB/RIF检测,比较三种方法的阳性率,并分别以培养阳性及临床诊断为标准,计算Xpert MTB/RIF诊断涂阴肺结核的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果 共有279例初治涂阴肺结核和53例非肺结核患者入组,279例初治涂阴肺结核的BALF检测结核分枝杆菌涂片、BACTEC MGIT960快速培养及Xpert MTB/RIF阳性率分别为2.51%、25.81%及50.90%,Xpert MTB/RIF阳性率明显高于涂片法及培养法,差异有统计学意义。以MGIT960培养阳性为标准,Xpert MTB/RIF诊断初治涂阴肺结核的敏感度为98.61%（71/72),特异度为100%（53/53）;阳性预测值为100.00%（71/71）,阴性预测值98.15%（53/54)。以临床诊断为标准,Xpert MTB/RIF诊断初治涂阴肺结核的敏感度为50.9%（142/279),特异度为100%（53/53）。阳性预测值为100%（142/142）,阴性预测值27.89%（53/190)。以DST 结果为金标准,Xpert MTB/RIF 检测利福平耐药的敏感度、特异度分别为 87.5％,98.44％,Xpert MTB/RIF与 DST两种方法检测利福平耐药的一致率达到 97.22％。且检测完成时间仅需2 h。结论 BALF中Xpert MTB/RIF检测敏感度、特异度均较高且能判断是否对利福平耐药,对初治涂阴肺结核有较大的早期快速诊断价值。     

荧光定量PCR在结核分枝杆菌快速诊断中的研究

目的 在痰液标本中,探讨荧光定量PCR技术快速检测结核分枝杆菌应用的诊断价值。方法 选取210例初诊的疑似结核病患者的痰液标本,分别进行痰涂片、MGIT960液体培养以及荧光定量PCR的检测,其中103例标本还进行了Xpert MTB/RIF检测,通过比较来分析荧光定量PCR在检测结核分枝杆菌方面的敏感度和特异性。结果 荧光定量PCR方法从痰液中检出结核分枝杆菌的阳性率高达28%,显著高于痰涂片15.2%的检出率,并且与结核培养的30.9%检出率相接近。以MGIT960液体培养为金标准,荧光定量PCR方法检测痰液标本中的结核分枝杆菌的敏感度和特异度分别为67.7%、 89.7%,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为74.6%和86.1%,两者之间差异没有统计学意义。将荧光定量PCR方法与Xpert MTB/RIF诊断方法相比较,分析发现荧光定量PCR方法的敏感度和特异度分别为85.9%、94.9%,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为96.5%和80.4%,两者之间差异没有统计学意义。结论 荧光定量PCR方法在检测结核分枝杆菌时具有较好的敏感度和特异度,效果优于传统的痰涂片方法,并且与Xpert MTB/RIF方法具有较好的一致性。荧光定量PCR检测成本较低,且结果准确,在快速检测结核菌方面具有比较好的应用前景。     

不同类型标本中Xpert Mtb/RIF法检测结核分枝杆菌的效能比较

目的:对比不同类型标本中Xpert Mtb/RIF法检测结核分枝杆菌的效能。方法:选取497例肺结核患者为研究对象,收集痰标本205例,肺泡灌洗液221例,浆膜腔积液202例,脓液179例,其中有135例患者同时获得4种标本。结果:807例标本中MTB培养检测阳性515例,Xpert Mtb/RIF检测阳性584例,阳性率分别为63.82%、72.37%。Xpert Mtb/RIF多标本联合检测及各标本单独检测的阳性率均高于MTB培养(P<0.05)。MTB培养和Xpert Mtb/RIF多标本联合检测的阳性率均高于单一标本检测;MTB培养和Xpert Mtb/RIF在肺泡灌洗液中检测出MTB的阳性率最高,其次是脓液,第三是痰标本,最后是浆膜腔积液,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同类型标本检测结核分枝杆菌利福平耐药性的灵敏度和特异度比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:Xpert Mtb/RIF检测MTB均有较高的灵敏度,可作为检测结核分枝杆菌的有效方法。联合检测多种标本,特别是肺泡灌洗液有助于提高Xpert Mtb/RIF诊断肺结核及利福平耐药性的准...     

利福平耐药结核分枝杆菌实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测技术在肺结核中的诊断探讨

目的研究分析在肺结核以及利福平耐药的诊断中采用利福平耐药结核分枝杆菌实时荧光定量核算扩增检测技术(Xpert MTB/RIF)的临床诊断价值。方法选取2017年1月至2018年1月我院收治的130例疑似肺结核及可疑耐药结核的病患,收集病患的痰液标本,采用液体培养、抗酸染色涂片、Xpert MTB/RIF进行检测,将临床最终诊断结果作为金标准,分析对比三种检验方法检测结核分枝杆菌的特异度以及敏感度;以液体培养结果作为金标准,分析Xpert MTB/RIF对利福平耐药的检测特异度及敏感度。结果以临床最终诊断结果作为金标准,XpertMTB/RIF检验结核分枝杆菌的敏感度与液体培养相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而Xpert MTB/RIF检验结核分枝杆菌的敏感度明显高于抗酸染色涂片(P0.05);以液体培养结果作为金标准,Xpert MTB/RIF诊断利福平耐药的敏感度为92.3%,特异度为98.6%。结论在肺结核以及利福平耐药的诊断中采用Xpert MTB/RIF,可对结核分枝杆菌以及利福平耐药性进行准确、快速的检测,且有着较高的诊断敏感度,临床应用价值较高,值得推广。     

Xpert MTB／RIF 系统快速检测结核分枝杆菌及利福平耐药性研究

目的：探讨 Xpert MTB/RIF 快速检测系统在结核病诊断及利福平耐药性检测中的价值。方法收集2012年12月－2013年12月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院和乌鲁木齐市胸科医院住院的疑似肺结核患者312例的痰液标本,同时进行涂片抗酸杆菌检查和用罗氏固体培养基进行结核杆菌培养,用比例法进行药物敏感性试验,并用 Xpert MTB/RIF 系统进行结核分枝杆菌 DNA 及利福平耐药性检测,结果312例痰液标本中,涂片和培养均阳性的124例患者 XpertMTB/RIF 检测的敏感度为94．3％（117/124）,涂片阴性而培养阳性者的敏感度为92．8％（26/28）,涂片阴性而符合临床标准者 XpertMTB/RIF 检测的敏感度为47．6％（10/21）,与培养结果比较, XpertMTB/RIF 检测的总敏感度为94．1％（143/152）;增加检测的次数（2次检测）可将灵敏度提高到98．7％％;对非结核病患者 XpertMTB/RIF 检测的特异度为99．3％（138/139）。与比例法相比,Xpert MTB/RIF 检测利福平耐药的灵敏度为90．9％（10/11）,特异度为99．3％（140/141）。除涂片阴性者外,Xpert MTB/RIF 半定量检测结果与涂片结果有较好的一致性。结论Xpert MTB/RIF 系统检测结核分枝杆菌及利福平耐药性具有较高的临床应用价值,且方法简便、快速。     

骨关节结核不同类型标本进行Xpert MTB/RIF技术检测的研究

目的 比较利福平耐药荧光定量核酸扩增检测(Xpert MTB/RIF)技术在骨关节结核病灶不同类型标本检测中的差异。 方法 选取骨关节结核患者245例,通过手术获取病灶中的脓液（199份）、干酪组织（161份）、肉芽组织（178份）、骨组织（87份）,分别进行结核分枝杆菌培养、Xpert MTB/RIF检测,比较4种组织标本阳性率。计算2种检测方法的联合阳性率;以结核分枝杆菌培养和药物敏感试验作为金标准,计算Xpert MTB/RIF技术在骨关节结核标本及利福平耐药基因检测中的敏感度和特异度。 结果 245例患者中结核分枝杆菌培养阳性112例(45.71%),625份标本中结核分枝杆菌培养阳性213份,结核分枝杆菌培养阳性率比较脓液＞干酪组织＞肉芽坏死组织＞骨组织(P＜0.01)。245例患者中Xpert MTB/RIF检测阳性128例(52.24%),625份标本中Xpert MTB/RIF检测阳性255份,Xpert MTB/RIF检测阳性率比较脓液＞干酪组织＞肉芽组织＞骨组织(P＜0.01)。2种方法联合检测阳性率为185例（75.51%）。Xpert MTB/RIF检测技术检验脓液、肉芽组织、干酪组织、骨组织阳性率均高于结核分枝杆菌培养(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。Xpert MTB/RIF技术检测诊断骨关节结核的敏感度为96.43%,特异度为84.96%,诊断利福平耐药的敏感度为97.92%,特异度为93.75%。 结论 为了准确诊断骨关节结核及利福平耐药性应尽量收集多种标本,特别是病灶中的脓液,Xpert MTB/RIF技术可简便、快速、准确地诊断结核分枝杆菌感染及其耐药性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.