腔隙性脑梗塞患者颈部动脉病变的彩超与DSA对比分析

目的 应用颈动脉彩超和DSA对比分析腔隙性脑梗塞患者的颈部动脉病变特点及其临床应用价值.方法 56例腔隙性脑梗塞患者分别行颈动脉彩超和DSA检查,进行对比分析.结果 颈动脉彩超和DSA检查中,腔隙性脑梗塞患者的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及狭窄检出率分别为82.1%与71.4%,颈动脉彩超较DSA能很好地显示颈部动脉血管壁病变.结论 腔隙性脑梗塞与颈动脉粥样硬化密切相关,应用颈动脉彩超有助于颈部动脉病变判断及临床治疗.     

颈动脉粥样硬化与缺血性脑血管病的关系研究

目的：研究颈动脉粥样硬化与缺血性脑血管病的关系。方法：HP彩色超声检查120例缺血性脑血管病患者的颈动脉，测量内膜．中膜厚度（IMT），观察斑块形成情况，100例健康体检者作为对照组。结果：120例缺血性脑血管疾病患者中，颈动脉斑块形成者98例，阳性率81．7％；对照组中颈动脉斑块形成者19例，阳性率19．0％。二者比较有显著差异（P〈0．01）。缺血性脑血管病分为三组：脑梗塞组、腔隙性脑梗塞组、短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）组，测量三组患者颈动脉IMT，三组比较，脑梗塞组与TIA组比较无明显差异（P〉0．05），腔隙性脑梗塞与脑梗塞组比较有明显差异（P〈0．01）。腔隙性脑梗塞与TIA组比较有明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论：颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成是缺血性脑血管病的一个重要因素。脑梗塞组和TIA组患者比腔隙性脑梗塞组患者动脉粥样硬化程度严重。     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与腔隙性脑梗死的相关性分析

目的研究探讨颈动脉粥样斑块与腔隙性脑梗死之间的关系。方法将本院2014年神经内科收治的101例经头颅CT或MRI诊断为腔隙性脑梗死患者设为观察组,另选取非脑血管病患者48例为对照组,对两组患者行动脉彩色多普勒超声检查颈总动脉(CCA)、颈内动脉(ICA)、椎动脉(VA),同时观察颈动脉形态、内膜的厚度、有无斑块。血管管腔是否狭窄及狭窄的程度。结果腔隙性脑梗死组颈动脉粥样斑块检出率为92.08%,非脑血管病组颈动脉斑块的检出率为37.5%,两组比较差异显著(P0.05)。结论腔隙性脑梗死与颈动脉粥样斑块之间有密切关系。     

腔隙性脑梗死患者脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2水平变化及与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性研究

目的探讨腔隙性脑梗死患者脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)水平变化及其与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性。方法选取腔隙性脑梗死患者(观察组)及门诊同期体检中老年健康者(对照组)各50例,检测血浆Lp-PLA2,观察组采用彩色多普勒超声检测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块情况。结果观察组患者Lp-PLA2水平高于对照组(P<0.01),观察组患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率54.00%,有斑块患者LpPLA2水平高于无斑块患者(P<0.01)。结论腔隙性脑梗死患者血浆Lp-PLA2水平明显升高,有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块者更为明显,提示LpPLA2升高可能是引起腔隙性脑梗死发生的危险因素。     

脑梗死与血脂及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性分析

目的探讨脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成与血脂代谢异常的相关性。方法选择云南省老年病医院脑梗死160例(颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组123例,动脉粥样硬化无斑块组37例)与150名健康对照组,检测血脂和颈动脉粥样硬化斑块情况。结果对照组颈动脉斑块检出率为18.00%,脑梗死组颈动脉斑块检出率76.88%,脑梗死组显著高于对照组;脑梗死组患者血清与对照组相比,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]浓度显著高。而血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)浓度明显降低。斑块组与无斑块组相比,血清TG、LDL-C、Lp(a)浓度显著增高。结论颈动脉硬化斑块与脑梗死发生有密切关系,血清TG、TC、LDL-C、Lp(a)水平增高是脑梗死及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的危险因素。     

腔隙性脑梗死与颅内、外动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的分析探讨腔隙性脑梗死与颅内、外动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法将100例腔隙性脑梗患者（简称腔梗）和100例非腔梗患者行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查和经颅多普勒（TCD）检查,并将二者发生颅外、颅内动脉病变情况进行对比。结果腔隙性脑梗死的发生与同侧颈动脉斑块及同侧颅内大动脉病变显著相关（P〈0.05）,非腔梗组容易发生颅内大动脉病变及颅内、外动脉粥样硬化。结论颈动脉粥样硬化性斑块及颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄可导致腔隙性脑梗死。     

70例颈动脉粥样硬化彩色多普勒诊断和病因病理学分析

目的通过70例颈动脉粥样硬化彩色多普勒超声诊断的回顾性分析,探讨其病因病理学改变规律。方法病人分为糖尿病组11例,高血压组24例,脑梗塞组6例,颈性眩晕或椎基底动脉供血不足组18例,冠心病组5例和其他组6例。病变分为类脂质沉积、软斑、硬斑和复合斑。结果颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成和类脂质沉积共32例,疾病集中在60岁以上人群,其中男性20例（62．5％）,女性12例（37．5％）。糖尿病组平均年龄67．7岁,颈动脉均有不同类型的粥样硬化斑块;高血压组平均年龄64．25岁,粥样硬化斑块的发生率为37．5％;脑梗塞组的平均年龄为68．2岁,有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的病人占66．6％;颈性眩晕或椎基底动脉供血不足（VBI）组的平均年龄为62．3岁,粥样硬化斑块的发生率为22．2％;冠心病组平均年龄68．2岁,合并颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的病人达80％;各病例组年龄无明显差异。结论糖尿病合并颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生率最高,依次是冠心病、脑梗塞、高血压和椎基底动脉供血不足。低血流剪切力和高牵张应力是动脉粥样硬化的主要危险因素。血管内皮功能障碍,也是动脉粥样硬化的重要因素。     

颈动脉狭窄在急性血性脑卒中的作用

目的探讨颈动脉狭窄在缺血性脑卒中所起的作用。方法依据临床和CT诊断标准,将48例住院病人分为腔隙性脑梗死组(27例)和非腔隙性脑梗死组(21例)。两组病人均不含椎基底动脉系统和心源性栓塞所致的颈内动脉系统脑梗死及行两侧颈部血管彩色多普勒超声显像仪检测。结果两组间脉压差和甘油三酯水平有显著差异(分别P<0.001,P<0.05);腔隙性脑梗死组病灶同侧的颈动脉狭窄(≥50%)发生率为18.5%(5/27),非腔隙性脑梗死组则达52.4%(11/21),两组间有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论非腔隙性脑梗死者病灶同侧颈动脉的严重狭窄较腔隙性脑梗死更多见;高血压和甘油三酯在伴有颈动脉狭窄两组病例中的致病机制可能不同。     

高频超声对腔隙性脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化相关性的研究

目的探讨腔隙性脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方放64例高血压患者及32例健康人接受颈动脉超声检查,对高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与腔隙性脑梗死的关系进行相关分析。结果腔梗组及单纯高血压组内-中膜厚度（IMT）、IMT增厚发生率、斑块发生率均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。腔梗组斑块发生率明显高于单纯高血压组（P〈0．005）。在64例高血压患者中,检出斑块组腔隙性脑梗死发生率明显高于未检出斑块组（P〈0．01）。结论腔隙性脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化,尤其是动脉粥样斑块的发生及严重程度密切相关。     

脑梗塞患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的超声研究

目的探讨脑梗塞患者颈动脉粥样硬化病变程度和特征,评价彩色多普勒超声对该粥样斑块的诊断价值.方法应用HP5500超声仪,对35例脑梗塞患者和46例正常人进行颈动脉检查.结果脑梗塞组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率、斑块记分均显著高于对照组[分别为85.7%和21.7%,P＜0.01;(6.745±3.214)mm和(3.408±3.613)mm,P＜0.001],且脑梗塞组软斑比例为55.8%,显著大于对照组33.3%(P＜0.01),脑梗塞组斑块表面不规则即Ⅱ、Ⅲ度的比例亦显著大于对照组(41.9%/11.1%,11.6%/0%,P＜0.05).结论脑梗塞的发生与颈动脉粥样硬化病变密切相关;软斑块是发生脑梗塞的主要危险;超声检查对颈动脉粥样硬化具有诊断价值,可为脑梗塞的预防与治疗提供参考资料.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.