藻酸钙海绵复合转基因骨髓基质干细胞的体外培养

目的采用不同方法制备藻酸钙海绵,观察其与细胞的复合情况.方法将藻酸钠与CaCl2或葡萄糖酸钙混合交联,采用慢速冷冻、酒精脱水或快速冷冻、真空干燥的方法制备藻酸钙海绵,与人胰岛素样生长因子(hIGF-I)基因转染的骨髓基质干细胞复合培养,观察标记基因和目的基因的表达.结果 CaCl2制备、酒精脱水的藻酸钙海绵韧性与强度最高,孔隙大,分布均匀;葡萄糖酸钙制备、酒精脱水组强度低,孔径小,冻干后质脆,弹性欠佳.复合培养后有增强绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)表达.培养基中hIGF-I分泌浓度各组互有差异.结论冷冻脱水制备的藻酸钙海绵强度增高,与细胞复合后细胞存活并有目的基因和标记基因表达.     

柱形藻酸钙载体制备及复合兔膝关节软骨细胞的初步观察

目的 构建用于软组织工程研究的新型细胞载体。方法 通过向一定浓度的藻酸钠中加入二价阳离子并置入特殊模具中，经冷脱水等处理。获得圆柱形藻酸钙载体。并复合软骨细胞观察。结果 制备的藻酸钙载体具有网眼状结构。孔隙为60-160um，嵴上并可见10-20um的小洞。复合细胞组可见网眼中有数目不等的软骨细胞。结论柱形藻酸钙载体初步具备作为软骨细胞载体的条件。可用于软骨组织工程的研究。     

可注射型骺板软骨水凝胶的制作及特性研究

目的 构建具有良好可塑性和生物特性的组织工程化骺软骨。 方法 制备胎牛骺软骨细胞外基质（cattlearticular cartilage extracellular matrix,CACECM）,复合藻酸钙（ 加10% 葡萄糖酸钙） 制备成可注射性水凝胶材料,行DNA 及糖胺聚糖（glycosaminoglycan,GAG） 定量检测。再与体外扩增的2 周龄新西兰白兔第二代骺软骨细胞复合培养,并植于实验兔背部脊柱两旁皮下,8 周后取材进行形态学观察及组织学检测。 结果 制备的可注射型水凝胶材料有较好的生物性能,培养出的组织工程化骺软骨组织细胞生长良好,具有分泌软骨基质功能。 结论 将异体脱细胞骺软骨细胞外基质与藻酸钙及葡萄糖酸钙结合,可以作为良好的可注射型水凝胶材料应用于组织工程化骺软骨的构建。     

hBMP-2基因转染的MSC与藻酸钙凝胶的生物相容性研究

目的探讨人类骨形态发生蛋白-2（human bone morphogenetic protein-2，hBMP-2）基因转染的兔骨髓基质细胞（bone marrow stromal cells.MSC）与藻酸钙凝胶的生物相容性，为骨组织工程中生物材料的选择提供依据。方法应用脂质体介导的方法将真核表达载体pCDNA3介导的质粒pCDNA3-hBMP-2导入体外培养的兔MSC中，免疫组织化学和RT-PCR检测转染后hBMP-2基因的表达；将G418筛选获得的阳性克隆继续扩增培养，与藻酸钙凝胶复合作为实验组，单纯转染的细胞为对照组，在不同的时间行扫描电镜、四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）比色法、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、台盼蓝染色检查。结果免疫组织化学和RT-PCR均证实基因转染成功，4周时仍有表达；转染的MSC与藻酸钙复合良好，并能在其中保持活性，活力未受影响。结论hBMP-2基因转染的MSC能够获得瞬时及稳定表达，是一种新型的种子细胞；其与藻酸钙凝胶复合用于骨缺损的修复具有较强的可行性。     

人胰岛素样生长因子-1基因强化组织工程法诱导裸鼠异位软骨形成

目的 探讨人胰岛素样生长因子-1(hIGF-1)基因转染诱导后的人骨髓基质干细胞(hMSCs)与再生丝素膜复合后在裸鼠体内形成组织工程软骨的能力.方法 分离培养hMSCs,体外诱导成软骨样细胞,流式细胞仪测定细胞表型,免疫组化检测软骨细胞表型;脂质体介导hIGF-1转染诱导后的hMSCs, RT-PCR、酶免疫测定法和免疫组化检测hIGF-1及Ⅱ型胶原的表达;转染后的hMSCs与再生丝素膜复合培养,扫描电镜观察细胞形态,复合物植入裸鼠皮下,HE及免疫组化染色观察新生软骨的结构和表型.结果 分离培养出纯化的hMSCs符合间充质干细胞表型,具有快速增殖及经诱导后向软骨分化的能力,诱导后的细胞表达Ⅱ型胶原;转染诱导后的hMSCs能稳定分泌具活性的hIGF-1蛋白,并表达软骨细胞表型;转染后的hMSCs与再生丝素膜复合培养显示良好的生物相容性,新生组织具典型的软骨组织陷窝,并表达Ⅱ型胶原.结论 经hIGF-1基因诱导后的hMSCs与再生丝素膜在体内能构建出软骨样组织.     

兔椎间盘纤维环细胞单层和立体培养条件下细胞表型的比较

目的 观察单层培养和藻酸盐立体培养对兔椎间盘纤维环细胞基因表达的影响.方法 10只新西兰大白兔腰椎椎间盘纤维环细胞经体外单层培养扩增后取第一代细胞分别同时行单层培养和藻酸盐立体培养1周,通过实时RT-PCR检测细胞Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖基因不同的表达情况.结果 在相差显微镜下,单层培养的椎间盘纤维环细胞呈贴壁生长的梭形或多角形细胞,其Ⅰ型胶原基因表达最高,Ⅱ型胶原基因表达其次,蛋白聚糖基因表达最低,符合成纤维细胞的细胞表型.而在藻酸盐凝胶珠内,同样的纤维环细胞呈圆形,被一层藻酸盐凝胶膜囿于凝胶珠内,其Ⅰ型胶原,Ⅱ型胶原基因表达明显下降,而蛋白聚糖基因明显升高,成为该培养条件下纤维环细胞表达最高的基因.结论 藻酸盐立体培养对兔椎间盘纤维环细胞维持软骨样细胞基因表型具有一定作用.     

携带人胰岛素样生长因子-1重组腺病毒的构建和鉴定

[目的] 采用 Cre-LoxP同源重组系统构建并鉴定携带人胰岛素样生长因子-1( human insulin-like growth factor-1, hIGF-1)目的基因的复制缺陷重组腺病毒,为椎间盘退变的 hIGF-1基因治疗奠定基础.[方法] PCR合成 hIGF-1基因,用 pMD18-T载体克隆 hIGF-1目的基因,酶切、测序并进行 NCBI BLAST相似性在线分析.将 pMD18-T-hIGF-1和 pDNR-1r质粒分别行 EcoRⅠ和 BamHⅠ双酶切, DNA 连接酶连接双酶切产物,转化感受态大肠杆菌 DH5α,合成中间载体 pDNR-hIGF-1,酶切鉴定.Cre-loxP系统介导 pDNR-hIGF-1和 pInt.AV1.SpaT同源重组形成 pInt.AV1.SpaT-hIGF-1重组表达质粒,行 EcoRⅠ酶切鉴定.复苏 293细胞,将 pInt.AV1.SpaT-hIGF-1和 pInt.B.B质粒在 293细胞内进行同源重组成含 hIGF-1基因的复制缺陷重组腺病毒.倒置显微镜观察 293细胞病变样效应( cytopathogenic effect, CPE);透射电镜观察 293细胞中的病毒颗粒;提取细胞裂解液中病毒 DNA, PCR鉴定 hIGF-1目的基因的存在; Western blot 检测 hIGF-1蛋白表达.用半数组织培养感染量 (tissue culture infectious dose 50,TCID50)方法测定重组腺病毒的滴度.[结果]克隆的 hIGF-1目的基因经 NCBI BLAST相似性在线分析证实与 Homo sapiens IGF-1 (GI:19923111)完全相同.pInt.AV1.SpaT-hIGF-1酶切鉴定,出现 5.4 kb和 1 kb两条片段,与理论值完全相符.转染 293细胞 12～ 14 d后,大部分细胞出现肿胀,脱落等细胞病变样效应.PCR鉴定细胞裂解液中含有 hIGF-1目的基因.Western blot 证实重组腺病毒表达 hIGF-1蛋白.第 2代腺病毒的滴度为 80× 106 PFU/mL.[结论]成功构建出含有 hIGF-1目的基因的复制缺陷重组腺病毒.     

hIGF-1基因修饰骨髓基质干细胞复合PLGA移植修复关节软骨缺损

目的：研究人胰岛素样生长因子-1（hIGF-1）基因修饰的骨髓基质干细胞（MSCs）复合PLGA材料移植对关节软骨缺损的修复作用.方法：从质粒pcDNA3.1-hIGF-1中扩增出hIGF-1基因,亚克隆后酶切出目的片段插入pIRES2-EGFP中,构建成真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-hIGF-1,鉴定后转染兔MSCs并检测hIGF-1在其中的表达;将转染细胞复合PLGA支架材料立体培养后植入实验性兔关节软骨缺损处,不同时间取材,检测对软骨缺损修复的效果.结果：成功构建了GFP标记的真核载体pIRES2-EGFP-hIGF-1,并在靶细胞中得到理想表达;hIGF1基因修饰的MSCs复合支架材料移植明显促进了缺损软骨的修复质量,组织学评分与对照组相比有统计学差异（P＜0.05）.结论：IGF-1是软骨组织工程种子细胞MSCs基因修饰的理想候选基因,以之修饰的MSCs作为种子细胞可以明显提高组织工程方法对软骨缺损的修复效果.     

兔骨髓基质干细胞在琼脂糖和藻酸钙凝胶中体外培养的观察

目的 观察兔骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)在琼脂糖(Agarose)和藻酸钙(Calcium alginate)二种凝胶中体外培养的生长分化状况，以探索一种理想的骨软骨组织工程载体。方法 将传代培养至21d经诱导的兔BMSCs分别接种至1．5％琼脂糖和1．2％藻酸钙凝胶中立体培养，通过细胞计数、HE染色和钙结节检测来观察BMSCs的生长分化。结果在培养第16d琼脂糖凝胶表面有钙结节形成，藻酸钙凝胶中无钙结节形成；在琼脂糖凝胶立体培养中，细胞数量变化不明显，但向成软骨样细胞转化，在藻酸钙凝胶中，部分向成软骨样细胞转化，部分细胞坏死。结论细胞外基质(ECM)可明显影响BMSCs分化，琼脂糖作为BMSCs的载体可尝试用于动物体内的骨软骨修复，而藻酸钙凝胶作为细胞载体尚待进一步研究。     

骨髓基质干细胞-藻酸钙复合物构建骨组织的实验研究

目的 研究犬骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)体外成骨活性和在犬体内异位成骨能力，探讨其作为骨组织工程种子细胞的可能性。方法 抽取成年犬骨髓，梯度离心法获取单个核细胞，条件培养液体外培养、诱导、扩增后，进行组织化学、免疫细胞化学染色，透射电镜下观察其成骨活性。将培养的第3代细胞与藻酸钙所形成的复合物植于犬皮下，3月后行组织学检测。结果 体外培养的BMSCs Von Kossa染色可见钙结节，AKP染色及I型胶原、Osf2／Cbfαl、骨钙素免疫细胞化学染色先后呈现阳性；透射电镜下见基质钙化；组织学检测提示细胞一藻酸钙复合物体内培养3月后形成骨样组织。结论 BMSCs在大量扩增的同时，在一定条件下能向成骨细胞分化，细胞与藻酸钙复合物能在具免疫力的哺乳动物皮下形成骨样组织。BMSCs可作为骨组织工程较理想的种子细胞。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.