河南、山西2164例经血传播HIV/AIDS患者的皮肤表现分析

目的:观察和统计经血感染HIV/AIDS患者各种皮肤病的发生率.方法:通过回顾性分析,对河南、山西两地2164例经单采血浆或输血传播的HIV/AIDS住院和门诊患者皮肤病的发病情况进行总结.用流式细胞仪测定CD4T细胞计数.并将CD4T细胞计数和皮炎湿疹类疾病及念珠菌感染等进行相关性分析.结果:这一人群中皮肤病的发病率高达90%以上,最常见为皮炎湿疹类皮肤病,其次为口腔念珠菌感染和浅部真菌病.结论:HIV感染/AIDS患者皮肤病高发,河南、山西两地经血传播HIV人群中以皮炎湿疹类皮肤病及真菌感染最为多见.     

HIV/AIDS患者口咽部念珠菌病与CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞分析

目的 研究HIV/AIDS患者的口咽部念珠菌病的发病特点,CD4⁺计数、CD8⁺计数、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值的分布特点,以及抗真菌治疗的特点。方法 观察20例合并口咽部念珠菌病的HIV/AIDS患者和对照组口腔病损情况,病损部行真菌镜检和真菌培养,外周血流式细胞仪检测CD4⁺、CD8⁺计数。研究组和对照组伊曲康唑治疗第1周、第2周、疗程结束时、停药后两周真菌学疗效比较。结果 19例为白念珠菌感染,1例为近平滑念珠菌感染。20例艾滋病患者可见舌部感染6例,口腔侧壁感染14例。CD4⁺、CD8⁺计数和CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值分别在119.40±127.43、652.50±338.57和0.163±0.130范围。伊曲康唑治疗HIV/AIDS组第1周、第2周、疗程结束时、停药后两周真菌清除率分别为16.67%、50.00%、61.11%、66.67%。结论 HIV/AIDS患者口咽部念珠菌感染的最常见致病菌是白念珠菌,最常见靶部位是舌和口腔侧壁。HIV/AIDS患者的口咽部念珠菌病抗真菌疗效与免疫状态有关。     

HIV/AIDS合并药疹患者实验室资料和预后的相关性研究

目的 了解HIV/AIDS患者发生药疹对内脏系统的影响及导致患者死亡的相关因素.方法 对72例HIV/AIDS合并药疹住院患者进行人口学资料、流行病学资料、实验室检查及疾病转归情况研究.结果 HIV/AIDS合并药疹患者病死率为6.9％,均死于感染,CD4＋T淋巴细胞数＜200 cells/μl者病死率为10.6％,病毒载量高于1×102 copies/ml者病死率为10.2％.55.3％患者天冬氨酸氨基转移酶升高,54.1％患者丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高,22.2％患者总胆红素升高,4.2％肾功能损伤,9.1％患者白蛋白减低,白蛋白降低患者病死率为16.1％,50.0％白细胞总数减少,45.9％中性粒细胞减少,33.3％淋巴细胞减低,低淋巴细胞病死率为12.5％,红细胞减少患者病死率10.3％,低血红蛋白病死率为16.4％.结论 感染是HIV/AIDS合并药疹患者的主要死亡原因,低CD4＋T淋巴细胞、高病毒载量、低蛋白血症、低淋巴细胞、低红细胞及低血红蛋白提示患者预后不良.     

南宁市HIV感染者/艾滋病患者遭遇相关羞辱和歧视的影响因素调查研究

目的：了解南宁市HIV感染者/艾滋病患者遭遇的艾滋病相关羞辱和歧视的现状,并分析其产生相关羞辱和歧视的原因.方法：采用进行面对面的问卷调查方式,调查广西南宁市151例HIV感染者/艾滋病患者.结果：南宁市HIV感染者/艾滋病患者的文化程度、是否进行抗病毒治疗、职业及婚姻状况等因素可能与其产生自我相羞辱和歧视有关.结论：受教育的程度、社会网络及抗病毒治疗可能对HIV感染者/艾滋病患者产生自我羞辱和歧视有较大的影响,因此应加强对HIV感染者/艾滋病患者的艾滋病相关知识的宣传和教育以及足够的人文关怀,并培育公众的同情和互助意识,营造社会支持环境氛围,消除艾滋病歧视观念.     

HIV/AIDS患者CD4~+ T细胞中CD25和CD8~+ T细胞中CD28的表达

目的探讨外周血CD4+ T细胞中CD25表达率和CD8+ T细胞中CD28表达率在HIV/AIDS患者发病中的作用。方法应用流式细胞仪荧光染色技术检测35例HIV/AIDS患者CD4+ T细胞中CD25表达和CD8+ T细胞中CD28的表达,以41名健康体检人员做对照。结果HIV/AIDS患者和健康对照组之间CD4+ T细胞中CD25表达率(27.51±4.23)%,(44.41±9.17)%,CD4+25+ T细胞占淋巴细胞的比例(2.00±1.42)%,(16.62±4.60)%,CD4+25- T细胞占淋巴细胞的比例(5.16±3.37)%,(21.03±6.19)%,CD8+ T细胞中CD28中的表达率(25.12±6.33)%,(44.24±8.61)%,CD8+28- T细胞占淋巴细胞的比例(36.85±8.98)%,(13.33±4.58)%的差异均有显著性(P<0.01),CD8+ 28+ T细胞占淋巴细胞的比例(12.31±4.14)%,(10.51±3.71)%差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论HIV/AIDS患者CD25在CD4+ T细胞与CD28在CD8+ T细胞的表达率降低可能与HIV感染后引起的免疫缺陷有关,CD8+ CD28- T细胞的增加有助于促进HIV/AIDS患者的炎性反应和免疫激活。     

Spectrum of skin disorders in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Singapore and the relationship to CD4 lymphocyte counts

BACKGROUND: Skin disorders are extremely common and cause significant morbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. There are few data on their prevalence and association with CD4 counts in Asians. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of skin disorders in ambulatory HIV-infected individuals attending a specialized skin clinic in Singapore and the association with the degree of immunosuppression. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on skin disorders in HIV-positive outpatients in the Communicable Disease Centre of Singapore was performed. The association between skin disease prevalence and CD4 count was evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients (male : female, 8 : 1) were enrolled. The most common mode of HIV transmission was heterosexual (75%), followed by homosexual/bisexual contacts (22%), and intravenous drug abuse (3%). The distribution of patients in terms of current CD4 cell counts was as follows: 38.5% with less than 50 x 10(6)/L, 25% with between 50 and 199/microL, and 36.5% with at least 200 x 10(6)/L. The most common skin disorder was pruritic papular eruption (PPE) of HIV infection (31 cases), followed by psoriasis (24), seborrheic dermatitis (18), xerosis (17), herpes simplex (17), and adverse drug eruptions (17). A CD4 cell count of less than 200 x 10(6)/L was significantly associated with a higher number of skin disorders (P = 0.002) and the development of psoriasis [odds ratio (OR), 8.97; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70-47.16; P = 0.010], PPE (OR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.21-9.53; P = 0.020), and adverse drug eruption (OR, 5.83; 95% CI, 1.21-28.00; P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: A preponderance of inflammatory dermatoses and an absence of skin tumors characterized this study. A low CD4 cell count was associated with a higher number of skin disorders and an increased incidence of PPE, psoriasis, and adverse drug eruptions.     

银屑病患者红细胞CD35定量与淋巴细胞天然免疫活性及CD2表达的相关性研究

目的:探讨银屑病患者红细胞天然免疫分子CD35数量变化与淋巴细胞天然免疫活性及T淋巴细胞CD2分子数量变化的相互关系。方法:采用流式细胞仪荧光免疫法测定红细胞CD35、T淋巴细胞CD2分子数量的变化,用淋巴细胞黏附补体调理过的S180癌细胞株的方法测定淋巴细胞的天然免疫活性。结果:银屑病患者红细胞CD35和淋巴细胞天然免疫花环率均较正常人明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.001),且两者呈显著正相关(γ=0.514,P<0.001);红细胞CD35与T淋巴细胞CD2数量变化呈明显正相关(n=21,γ=0.395,P<0.05)。结论:银屑病患者红细胞CD35表达、淋巴细胞天然免疫活性亢进,而天然免疫功能的变化必然影响获得性免疫反应的进行模式。     

北京市HIV/AIDS患者生存质量现状及影响因素分析

目的 分析艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者及艾滋病(AIDS)患者(简称HIV/AIDS患者)的生存质量现状,探讨相关影响因素,为提高随访管理和改善患者的生存质量提供参考.方法 使用世界卫生组织(WHO)艾滋病生存质量简表(WHOQOL-HIV BREF)和中文版艾滋病压力量表(CSS-HIV)对北京市220例HIV/AID...     

Pediatric HIV/AIDS and the skin: an update

In 2005 there were 2.1 million children under the age of 15 years living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. As in the adult pandemic, attendant skin disease is prevalent in children. This article provides an update of pediatric HIV/AIDS and its cutaneous manifestations from four main aspects: epidemiology, skin disease as an indicator of immune status, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, and the impact of antiretroviral agents on skin disease.     

Incidence and prognostic significance of skin disease in patients with HIV/AIDS: a 5-year observational study

Mucocutaneous diseases are common in HIV-infected patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the observed frequency of skin diseases and their prognostic significance for the progression of HIV infection. In a cohort of 150 HIV-infected patients diagnosed from 1986 to 1987 the number of mucocutaneous diseases, the CD4+ cell count, time to development of AIDS and survival time were registered for a period of 5 years. Eight patients were lost for follow-up. In the remaining 142 patients the number of mucocutaneous findings increased markedly during the observation period. The most frequent registered diseases and these with the highest increase were oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, seborrhoeic dermatitis and herpes simplex. On average, 5.2 different diagnoses were registered per patient at the end of the follow-up period. The study showed that the total number of mucocutaneous diseases and the CD4+ cell count were significantly correlated to survival time and time to development of AIDS. The number of mucocutaneous diseases, like the CD4+ count, is an indicator of the immune system and the prognosis of HIV infection.     

Skin manifestations in patients with HIV infection

Cutaneous manifestations are common in patients with HIV infection and mainly due to the immunodeficiency. In the initial stage of HIV infection, we frequently observe a rash of macular lesions. During the asymptomatic phase, the patients may typically show the following skin diseases: seborrhoic dermatitis, acneiform folliculitis, persistent herpes simplex, and infections with the human papilloma virus. In ARC and AIDS patients, 3 groups of skin disorders are found: cutaneous infections, skin tumors, and other mixed skin diseases. Herpes simplex and herpes zoster may develop into ulcerating and necrotising forms especially in patients with advanced immunodeficiency. The most frequent skin tumors in AIDS patients are the disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. More than 50% of the AIDS patients treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole developed a severe drug eruption. African and Caribbean patients with AIDS frequently suffer from pruritic skin lesions, the pathogenesis of which is not known. Aside from these cutaneous manifestations, a variety of other skin disorders have been reported in patients with HIV infection, ARC, or AIDS; future research will furnish definite proof whether they are correlated with HIV infection.     

Recent multiple sexual partners and HIV transmission risks among people living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana

BACKGROUND: HIV prevalence in Botswana is among the highest in the world and sexual networking patterns represent an important dimension to understanding the spread of HIV/AIDS. AIM: To examine risk behaviour associated with recent multiple sexual partnerships among people living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana. METHODS: Confidential brief interviews were administered to 209 HIV positive men and 291 HIV positive women recruited conveniently from HIV/AIDS support groups and antiretroviral clinics. Measures included demographics, duration of HIV diagnosis, sexual partnerships, condom use, and HIV status disclosure. RESULTS: The response rate was 63% and 309 (62%) participants were currently sexually active, of whom 247 (80%) reported only one sex partner in the previous 3 months and 62 (20%) reported two or more partners during that time. Condom use exceeded 80% across partner types and regardless of multiple partnerships. Steady sex partners of participants with multiple partnerships were significantly less likely to be protected by condoms than steady partners of individuals with only one sex partner. Individuals with multiple sex partners were also significantly less likely to have disclosed their HIV status. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple sexual partnerships, many of which are probably concurrent, are not uncommon among sexually active people living with HIV in Botswana. HIV prevention is needed for all individuals who are at risk and assistance should be provided to HIV infected people who continue to practise unprotected sex with uninfected partners or partners of unknown HIV status.     

HIV感染者/AIDS患者心理健康状况调查

目的:了解某医院HIV感染者/AIDS患者的心理健康状况及其相关影响因素,为提高HIV感染者心理健康水平、降低传播HIV风险提供科学依据。方法:2017年3月至2017年7月,采用问卷调查法,应用症状自评量表和一般情况调查表,对北京某三甲医院艾滋病门诊所有就诊者进行匿名问卷调查,与正常成人进行对比,并分析影响心理健康的因素。结果:HIV感染者/AIDS患者的SCL-90总分为(146.65±37.97)分,总均分为(1.63±0.42)分,心理健康状况明显比国内正常成人常模差,SCL-90总分、总均分及各因子分均高于全国常模(P0.05),阳性症状检出率37.56%;检出率最高的前五位的心理问题依次为:强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、躯体化等症状。结论:针对HIV感染者/AIDS患者心理健康的现状,艾滋病防治工作中应当加强与专业心理咨询机构之间的合作,对HIV感染者/AIDS患者采用相关的心理学量表进行评估和筛查,为他们提供专业的心理支持服务。     

Cutaneous manifestations of mycobacterial infection in patients with AIDS

Summary We report three cases of mycobacterial infection of the skin in HIV-positive individuals, in whom the diagnosis was not suspected until microbiological and histological investigations were performed.     

青岛低龄女性性工作者HIV/STD相关因素调查和血清学监测

目的:了解青岛地区娱乐场所低龄女性性工作者(FSWs) HIV/STD相关因素和血清学状况,为有效干预提供依据.方法:对青岛地区娱乐场所FSWs进行匿名问卷调查,并采取末梢血检测抗HIV、梅毒和生殖器疱疹病毒2型抗体(抗HSV2-IgG).结果:共回收有效问卷336份,其中<20岁问卷132份,平均年龄(18.5±1.2)岁,首次性交年龄(16.8±1.5)岁,首次商业性行为年龄(17.9±1.3)岁.HIV/STD相关知识知晓率为59.7%, HIV/STD知识与年龄、受教育水平及与固定性伴带套率呈正相关.66.7%最近一次与固定性伴性交时未使用安全套.血清TRUST、TPPA、抗HSV2-IgG阳性率分别为3.8%、7.6%、28.8%,抗HIV抗体均阴性.结论:对低龄FSWs需要有效的干预措施以减少感染 HIV/STD的危险.     

Traveling through skin manifestations of HIV in 2001.

There are currently over 34 million people worldwide infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with 15,000 new patients infected each day. The acquired immunodefiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic has particularly affected the third world and currently over 70% of those infected reside in sub-Saharan Africa. The epicenter of the pandemic is shifting to Asia as HIV infection increases in the densely populated countries of India, China, and SE Asia. Patients with HIV infection develop a variety of mucocutaneous diseases and often present to dermatologists.     

HIV/AIDS相关皮肤黏膜损害研究进展

在HIV/AIDS患者中,皮肤黏膜损害是重要的临床表现,皮肤黏膜损害可作为HIV/AIDS诊断的重要线索,也是免疫状况观察的重要指标,现从HIV/AIDS患者相关感染性皮肤病、炎症性皮肤病和肿瘤性皮肤病加以综述。