表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术

目的：探讨表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术的安全性及有效性。方法：对90例（102只眼）白内障患者在表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术并观察其麻醉效果及术后视力。结果：所有患者在表麻下均能很好地配合手术顺利完成。无一例改用其它麻醉方法。平均手术时间为20.04分钟。术后1天及1周视力≥0.5者，分别占67.65％和77.27％。结论：表面麻醉小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的。     

表面麻醉在大规模防盲手术中的应用

目的:评价盐酸奥布卡因(倍诺喜)在大规模小切口非超声乳化白内障防盲手术中的安全性及有效性。方法:对636例(636眼)基层贫困白内障患者在盐酸奥布卡因表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术,观察其麻醉效果及术后视力。结果:所有患者在表面麻醉下均能很好的配合顺利完成手术,无1例中途更换麻醉方法。平均手术时间12.16min,术后第1d视力≥0.3者82.3%,术后3d≥0.3者93.9%。结论:盐酸奥布卡因表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术在基层大规模防盲中是安全快捷有效的。     

表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术

目的:探讨表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术的安全性及有效性。方法:对79例86眼白内障患者在表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术并观察其麻醉效果及术后视力。结果:其中64例71眼无疼痛,15例15眼胀痛,术中追加一次表面麻醉。平均手术时间为18min,术后1d及1wk视力≥0.5者分别占83%和92%。结论:表面麻醉小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术具有操作简单,手术时间短,术后视力恢复快且稳定,手术成本低,适合我国国情,有利于规模化手术。     

表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入

目的:探讨表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘除及人工晶状体植入术的安全性、有效性及适应证。方法:对150例152眼白内障患者在表面麻醉下行隧道小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘除及人工晶状体植入术并观察其麻醉效果及术后视力。结果:所有患者在表面麻醉下均能很好地配合手术顺利完成。无1例改用其他麻醉方法。平均手术时间为24min。术后第2d视力≥0.2者147眼(97%);视力≥0.5者103眼(68%);视力≥0.8者20眼(13%)。结论:表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入是安全经济、实用、效果好、相对来说易掌握,特别适用于经济欠发达地区成熟、过熟、大核、硬核白内障多的情况。     

表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术

目的评价在爱尔凯因麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术的安全性及优越性.方法在爱尔凯因表麻下对116例(120只眼)白内障患者行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术,并观察其麻醉效果及视力.结果在表麻下全部患者均可很好地配合手术完成,无一例更换麻醉方法.平均手术时间13.51分钟,术后第1天视力大于0.5者占60.83%,术后1周大于0.5者占75.83%.结论在爱尔凯因表麻下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术是安全优越的.     

表面麻醉下隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶体植入

目的 探讨表面麻醉下行隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术的安全性及有效性。方法 对85例（97眼）白内障患者在表面麻醉下行隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术并观察其麻醉效果及术后视力。结果 所有患者在表麻下均能很好地配合手术顺利完成。无一例改用其他麻醉方法。平均手术时间为18min。患者配合良好，无一例改为球后或球周麻醉。术后1周视力≥0．2者90眼，占92．8％；视力≥0．5者58眼，占59．8％；视力≥0．8者34眼，占35．1％。结论 表面麻醉隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶体植入是简便易行的麻醉方法，效果肯定，适合在基层和防盲工作中推广。     

表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术的临床应用

目的分析和探讨在表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术的安全性及有效性。方法在表面麻醉下,对210例（227眼）白内障患者行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术,观察术中疼痛感、并发症及术后视力,随访时间为3个月。结果215眼（占94．7％）术中无任何痛苦与不适,9眼出现轻度疼痛,3眼有异物感,追加1次表面麻醉后症状消失。9眼发生后囊膜破裂,2眼发生前房出血,无角膜失代偿等严重并发症发生。术后第3个月,视力≥4．7者占75％,≥5．0者占21％。结论表面麻醉下小切口白内障囊外摘除人工晶状体植入术,麻醉效果明显,无明显的毒副作用及并发症,术后效果肯定,是一种安全、有效的手术方法,值得在基层临床和防盲工作中推广应用。     

微小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术临床观察

目的 观察微小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术手术效果.方法 抽选107例（107眼）行微小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术,112例（112眼）行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合硬片人工晶状体植入术,比较术后1周视力.结果 术后1周视力大于0.3者分别为88.78％及66.96％.结论 微小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术术后1周视力优于小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合硬片人工晶状体植入术,术后近期（1周）效果与超声乳化近期（1周）效果相近,在缺少设备、缺少投入的基层医院值得推广使用.     

表面麻醉下白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术

目的进一步探讨表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术的安全性及有效忡。方法随机抽取220例(256眼)行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术患者分为2组。表面麻醉组110例(126 眼),球后麻醉组110例(130眼),比较2组的手术效果及并发症。结果表向麻醉组手术时间明显短于球后麻醉组(P<0.01),而且并发症更少,术后1d及1周视力对比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的,而且并发症少,简便易行。     

小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶体植入手术临床观察

目的观察小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障的临床效果。方法对79例79只眼白内障施行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术。结果术后三天裸眼视力≥0．5者35只眼（44．3％）。术后一周裸眼视力≥0．5者52只眼（65．8％）。结论小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术操作简便、不需昂贵设备,手术效果满意。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.