慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析治疗患者皮肤瘙痒的原因及护理对策

目的分析慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析治疗患者皮肤瘙痒的原因,同时提出有效的护理对策;方法选择我院2012年1月至2015年1月收治的慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析治疗并发皮肤瘙痒的患者30例,分析发生皮肤瘙痒的原因,同时根据具体原因提出有针对性的治疗护理对策;结果全部30例患者中,因为电解质代谢障碍发生的皮肤瘙痒患者18例(60.0%),因为氮质代谢产物刺激皮肤引起瘙痒的患者9例(30.0%),因为过敏反应引起皮肤瘙痒的患者3例(10.0%);全部患者经过有针对性的治疗护理后,瘙痒症状好转20例,完全缓解7例,无效3例,总有效率为90.0%(27/30)。结论分析慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析治疗患者皮肤瘙痒的原因,同时提出有效的护理干预,能有效缓解患者的瘙痒症状,提高患者的生活质量。     

血液透析联合血液灌流治疗维持性血液透析患者顽固性皮肤瘙痒症

随着血液净化技术的日臻完善,维持性血液透析患者存活时间不断延长,透析相关长期并发症不断出现,皮肤瘙痒是慢性肾功能衰竭患者常见的皮肤症状之一,单纯性血液透析治疗可增加瘙痒的发生率约60%～90%,我们采用血液透析联合血液灌流对皮肤瘙痒患者治疗42例,取得满意疗效.     

血液透析联合血液灌流治疗尿毒症皮肤瘙痒的观察及护理

目的 为提高慢性肾功能衰竭长期血液透析患者的生活质量,探讨血液灌流(HP)联合血液透析(HD)治疗尿毒症顽固性皮肤瘙痒的疗效.方法 灌流器串联于透析器前端,联合治疗2小时结束灌流,取下灌流器后再继续透析2小时,HD+HP1次/2周.结果 血液灌流与血液透析联合治疗尿毒症皮肤瘙痒效果明显.     

间歇性血液灌流配合血液透析治疗尿毒症顽固性皮肤瘙痒的护理体会

目的:观察间歇性血液灌流配合血液透析治疗终末期尿毒症患者伴有顽固性皮肤瘙痒的疗效及护理方法。方法:将148例终末期尿毒症患者顽固性皮肤瘙痒随机分为治疗组74例和对照组74例,治疗前后采用Dirk R Kuypers的评分方法进行瘙痒程度评分,重度皮肤瘙痒56例,中度皮肤瘙痒92例。其中治疗组重度皮肤瘙痒34例,中度皮肤瘙痒40例。对照组重度皮肤瘙痒22例,中度皮肤瘙痒52例。对中度及重度皮肤瘙痒采取血液灌流配合血液透析。治疗组每周按2次血液透析,1次间歇性血液灌流配合血液透析,对照组每周3次全部进行血液透析,连续治疗8周,比较治疗前后瘙痒改善程度。结果:治疗组治疗前后皮肤瘙痒评分下降96%,有明显效果,对照组治疗前后皮肤瘙痒评分下降25%,治疗组与对照组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:间歇性血液灌流配合血液透析治疗终末期尿毒症患者伴有皮肤瘙痒,效果显著。     

血液透析联合血液灌流治疗尿毒症合并慢性乙型肝炎患者皮肤瘙痒的疗效及护理体会

目的:探讨如何减轻尿毒症合并慢性乙型肝炎患者皮肤瘙痒的症状,提高其生活质量。方法:对20例尿毒症合并慢性乙型肝炎的皮肤瘙痒患者,进行血液透析联合血液灌流治疗,治疗2次后,对患者的皮肤瘙痒症状进行评价。结果:治疗后患者瘙痒评分为(12.9±4.4)分,较治疗前(27.5±6.1)分明显好转。结论:血液透析联合血液灌流治疗能有效减轻患者的瘙痒症状,改善患者生活质量。     

血液灌流联合血液透析治疗急慢性肾功能衰竭的护理

目的 分析探讨急慢性肾功能衰竭应用血液灌流联合血液透析(HP+HD)治疗的护理措施.方法 回顾性分析本科收治的40例急、慢性肾衰竭患者的临床资料,所有患者均接受(HP+HD)、护肝、营养心肌等治疗,治疗期给予系统化的护理,总结护理方法.结果 40例患者均顺利完成每次的治疗,无死亡病例,无灌流器凝血现象,患者无出血倾向;40例患者经HP+HD治疗后,皮肤瘙痒、睡眠障碍、心功能等症状有所改善.结论 加强血液灌流联合血液透析治疗期的护理,可以有效缓解急慢性肾功能衰竭患者的临床症状,系统化护理工作具有重要的临床意义.     

血液灌流联合透析在治疗慢性肾功能衰竭中的研究

目的:研究血液灌流联合透析在治疗慢性肾功能衰竭中的临床疗效。方法:采用等距随机抽样法将100例慢性肾功能衰竭患者分为对照组(血液透析治疗)及观察组(血液灌流联合血液透析治疗)各50例,对两组临床疗效进行比较。结果:治疗后,观察组患者炎症指标、血液指标、钙磷代谢指标优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后生活质量相比较,观察组各维度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在慢性肾功能衰竭治疗中血液灌流联合透析取得的疗效更佳,且能够明显改善患者预后,可作为优选治疗方案推广使用。     

血液透析联合血液灌流治疗维持性血液透析患者皮肤瘙痒的临床效果

目的 探讨血液透析联合血液灌流治疗维持性血液透析患者皮肤瘙痒的临床效果。方法 选取湖南省怀化市第三人民医院收治的42例长期血液透析并伴有皮肤瘙痒的患者,随机均分为对照组和实验组（n=21）。对照组单纯进行血液透析治疗,实验组进行血液透析联合血液灌流治疗。比较2组患者治疗前后皮肤瘙痒评分与皮肤瘙痒改善情况的差异。结果 治疗后实验组瘙痒评分为（15.6±4.9）分,显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。实验组患者治疗显效率（57.1%）和总有效率（95.2%）均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论 血液透析联合血液灌流治疗维持性血液透析患者皮肤瘙痒症疗效确切,可有效提高患者生活质量。     

浅析血液透析联合血液灌流与联合血液透析滤过治疗维持性血液透析患者皮肤瘙痒的疗效

目的：研究分析维持性血液透析皮肤瘙痒症状使用血液透析联合血液灌流与联合血液透析滤过治疗的临床效果。方法：根据2013年6月至2014年6月该院的48例接受维持性血液透析治疗皮肤瘙痒患者来进行研究分析,分成对照组和观察组,均有24例。对照使用血液透析滤过联合血液透析的治疗方式,观察组使用血液灌流联合血液透析的治疗方式。比较两组的临床治疗效果。结果：观察组临床症状缓解率是87.5%,对照组是50%,结果存在统计学差异（P <0.05）。结论：尿毒症皮肤瘙痒症状使用血液透析联合血液灌流治疗的效果比血液透析联合血液透析滤过治疗优秀,临床中推介使用。     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者顽固性皮肤瘙痒的病因及治疗

目前,随着临床血液净化学的不断发展,特别是血液滤过和血液灌流方法在临床上的应用,慢性肾功能衰竭的患者并发顽固性皮肤瘙痒的发生率较前有所减少,有些甚至治愈.我院肾脏内科血液净化室对慢性肾功能衰竭患者并发顽固性皮肤瘙痒的病人采取血液滤过和血液灌流方法治疗,取得了一定疗效.现报告如下:     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.