后纵韧带生物力学测试评价胸腰段脊柱前路减压后的稳定性

目的：通过生物力学测试评价胸腰段脊柱后纵韧带在椎管前方减压自体髂骨植骨 Kaneda内固定术中的作用。方法：采用7具新鲜小牛胸腰段脊柱标本,模拟临床手术行L1椎体切除椎管前方减压自体髂骨植骨 Kaneda内固定术,在脊柱三维运动实验机上进行非破坏性生物力学测试。结果：在该术式中局部切除后纵韧带使胸腰椎的稳定性在旋转、轴压、前屈、后伸、侧弯各运动状态下降,其中以前屈时最为明显,差异有统计学意义（p<0.05）。结论：在胸腰段脊柱椎管前方减压术中局部切除后纵韧带将使术后脊柱稳定性在前屈状态时下降,不利于提高脊柱的融合率。因此应尽可能保留正常的后纵韧带。     

骨水泥椎体强化椎弓根钉置入对骨质疏松脊柱生物力学稳定性的影响

背景：伴有骨质疏松患者的脊柱内固定松动、脱落是脊柱外科一个复杂而棘手的问题。用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉可增加伴有骨质疏松患者的椎弓根螺钉防止椎弓根钉的松动及脱落。 目的：评价聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥椎体强化后椎弓根钉固定对不稳定骨质疏松脊柱的生物力学稳定性影响。 设计、时间及地点：体外生物力学实验,于2008-03在上海大学生物力学实验室完成生物力学实验。 材料：12具新鲜老年女性尸体T10~L3椎体标本,制成T12、L1间的不稳定模型,采用椎弓根螺钉系统固定。 方法：将标本按照不同的处理方式分为4组。①对照组：为完整标本,只进行生物力学性能的测试。②一次固定组：对照组测试后随机选取6具不稳定模型,行T11~L2椎弓根钉固定。③二次固定组：一次固定组标本完成稳定性测试后,取出所有椎弓根螺钉,分别用注射器向T11~L2椎弓根钉道注入配制好的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥骨水泥2.0 mL后再次拧入螺钉固定。④强化固定组：将余下的6具标本于T11~L2双侧椎弓根分别以直径3.5 mm的钻头导孔,沿孔道插入直径3.5 mm的穿刺导管,插入深度为40 mm,用加压注射器经导管缓慢向椎体内加压注射配制好的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥3.5 mL后拧入螺钉固定。 主要观察指标：进行轴向压缩、前屈/后伸、左/右侧弯、左/右旋转7项非损伤性加载,比较上述4组不同状态下脊柱的相对运动范围变化。 结果：与一次固定组比较,二次固定组及强化固定组脊柱的相对运动范围增加(P < 0.05),强化固定组与二次固定组组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论：椎体成形强化椎弓根钉固定及钉道强化固定均可明显增强不稳定骨质疏松脊柱的稳定性。     

Cage椎弓根内固定联合自体颗粒骨打压植骨的即时生物力学稳定性

背景：自体骨移植结合椎间融合器联合椎弓根螺钉常运用于椎体融合,但单纯颗粒骨打压联合椎弓根钉的临床生物力学研究报道不多。 目的：比较后路自体颗粒骨打压植骨内固定及Cage内固定的即时生物力学稳定性。 方法：利用腰椎后路附件逐级破坏和椎间盘切除制作腰椎不稳模型。12具猪腰椎标本随机分为两组：打压植骨结合椎弓根螺钉内固定组(实验组),Cage结合椎弓根螺钉内固定组(对照组)。使用脊柱三维运动测试机模拟人体对两组标本在正常、不稳、融合3个状态下进行前屈、后伸、左右侧屈、左右旋转等各个活动的生物力学测试,三维激光扫描仪测定不同载荷下不稳节段的运动范围。 结果与结论：正常状态下,两组间L2~3节段各方向运动范围差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),说明两组标本均衡性好,具有可比性;与正常状态相比,两组不稳状态各方向运动范围亦明显增加(P < 0.05);融合后对照组L2~3节段椎间各方向运动范围均较实验组小,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。说明自体颗粒骨打压植骨内固定与Cage内固定均能明显提高脊柱的即时生物力学稳定性,而且两组对于改善脊柱稳定性无显著性差异。     

颈椎前路一体化钢板椎间融合器置入后与颈椎生物力学环境的匹配

背景：研究表明,颈椎一体化前路钢板融合器比现行钢板和融合器具有更多理论上的优势。但是目前有关其生物力学方面的研究国内尚无文献报道。 目的：观察与评价颈椎前路一体化钢板椎间融合器内固定置入后的生物力学特征。 方法：采集6具成人尸体颈椎标本,分为5组进行测试,即正常组、椎间盘摘除组、颈椎前路一体化钢板椎间融合器固定组、CBK融合器固定组及CBK融合器+Secuplate钢板联合固定组,以C5~6椎间隙为观察对象,进行生物力学实验。 结果与结论：颈椎间盘摘除后,颈椎在各个方向运动加大,刚度及强度等生物力学数值减小,脊柱失稳。与椎间盘摘除组相比,颈椎前路一体化钢板椎间融合器固定后其强度增加24%,椎体应变减小31%,刚度增加14.3%,位移减小15%(P < 0.05),颈椎前路一体化钢板椎间融合器对颈椎的力学性能影响较小,说明它能较好地与颈椎的力学环境相匹配。CBK融合器固定后抗后伸及旋转作用相对较小,同椎间盘摘除组相比差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。CBK融合器+Secuplate钢板联合固定组载荷强度和应变过大,与椎间盘摘除组相比其强度增加27%,椎体应变减小38%,刚度增加17%,位移减小17% (P < 0.05),颈椎刚度增大且邻近椎节的运动有增大趋势,将引起力学性能的改变。提示颈椎前路一体化钢板椎间融合器结合了颈椎前路钢板和融合器生物力学方面的优点,能较好地与颈椎的力学环境相匹配。     

颈前路钢板置入内固定加椎间植骨治疗Ⅱ型Hangman骨折的生物力学评价

背景：C2/3椎间盘切除，钢板置入内固定加椎间植骨是治疗Hangman骨折的常用术式。该术式在临床应用广泛，但目前尚缺乏相关实验评价钢板置入内固定治疗Hangman骨折的生物力学特点研究。 目的：评价钢板置入内固定+椎间植骨治疗Ⅱ型Hangman骨折的生物力学稳定性。 方法：6具正常成人新鲜冷冻颈椎，每一标本依次制作成以下3种状态组：即正常对照组、Ⅱ型Hangman骨折模型组、椎间植骨+钢板内固定组。按以上顺序应用脊柱三维运动试验机和三维激光扫描仪测试每一状态C2/3节段的三维运动范围。 结果与结论：与正常对照组比较，Ⅱ型Hangman骨折模型组C2/3节段前屈、后伸、旋转及侧弯关节活动度均显著增大(P < 0.05)，钢板内固定+椎间植骨组旋转方向关节活动度显著增大(P < 0.05)；与Ⅱ型Hangman骨折模型组相比，钢板内固定+椎间植骨组C2/3节段前屈、后伸及侧弯关节活动度均显著减小(P < 0.05)。结果提示钢板置入内固定能够在前屈、后伸及侧弯方向恢复Ⅱ型Hangman骨折的稳定性，然而在旋转方向缺乏稳定作用，术后需辅以外固定以确保融合。     

犬腰椎椎体解剖学测量及犬椎体模型在前路融合中的应用

背景：灵长类动物无疑是脊柱内置入物研究的最佳模型。然而,伦理和经济上的问题却限制了该类模型的广泛应用。杂种犬腰椎与人类的解剖结构有一定的相似性,且来源容易,费用低廉,可以作为灵长类动物模型的有益补充。 目的：测量犬腰椎相关解剖数据,探讨其作为腰椎前路内固定模型的可行性。 方法：选取成年健康实验犬9只,分别测量腰椎椎体及椎间盘的横径、矢状径和高度,并行犬用钛合金人工椎体置换,观察置换后犬植骨融合情况。 结果与结论：犬腰椎椎体及椎间盘矢径、横径、高度自L1至L7逐渐递增,椎体高度远大于其矢状径。人工椎体置换后所有动物均成活,除1例因手术操作造成术后双下肢不全截瘫外,其余实验犬均在术后12~72 h内逐渐站立活动。影像学及组织学观察均证实术后实验犬植骨融合情况良好。提示犬椎体模型设计合理、操作容易,费用低廉,可以就融合术后骨组织与内置入物的相容性及钛-骨界面上骨组织长入情况进行观察,是一种简单、方便的研究腰椎前路内固定手术的动物模型。     

齿轮撑开式脊柱复位固定板装置的研制

背景: 目前临床应用的脊柱后路复位固定的钉棒系统存在一定程度的生物力学的缺陷,钉板系统更适合在患者中广泛使用。 目的：依据中国人脊柱的椎弓根间距、弧度、椎体及椎间隙高度的影像学测量结果,研制一种新型的脊柱后路复位内固定板装置。 方法：测量129例门诊查体的正常者的胸腰椎数据。依据影像学测量的结果,并在复习文献的基础上,对新型脊柱复位内固定器进行图纸设计及形状设计。取18具新鲜小牛腰椎标本随机分为实验组给予行齿轮撑开式脊柱复位内固定板装置固定,CD及Steffee组分别用CD及Steffee钢板固定,测量标本在受到轴向压缩、前屈、后伸及侧屈载荷状态下的位移、应变、刚度和破坏性能等测试,结果进行统计学处理。 结果与结论：齿轮撑开式脊柱复位内固定装置(GDP)能较好地满足人体强、刚度的要求。GDP组测得椎体固定的强度和刚度均比对照组CD和Steffee钢板系统优越(P < 0.05),腰椎的扭转力学性能比CD,Steffee钢板内固定分别高出13%和14%,腰椎的极限力学性能测试结果显示GDP能承载载荷,比CD,Steffee钢板更大(P < 0.05)。说明齿轮撑开式脊柱复位固定板装置的设计符合中国人脊柱的解剖规格,生物力学稳定性良好,可以显著促进椎骨骨折的愈合,防止脊椎后凸的复发和高度的丧失。     

前屈后伸载荷下颈椎间孔的孔径变化：Bryan颈人工椎间盘置换与颈椎钢板植骨内固定的比较

背景：诸多针对脊椎椎体间固定融合后相邻节段应力变化的生物力学测试结果并不尽相同,载荷控制与位移控制试验模式下所反映出的相邻节段应力状况其结果也相差甚远。 目的：分析椎间盘完整、椎间盘切除、Bryan颈人工椎间盘置换和前路颈椎植骨融合钢板内固定后,成人尸体颈椎标本分别在前屈后伸载荷下C5/6椎间孔孔径和面积的变化情况。 方法：分别测量C5/6椎间盘完整、椎间盘髓核摘除、Bryan颈人工椎间盘置换和前路钢板植骨内固定4种状态下以0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00,1.25,1.50 N•m的分级载荷加载于标本的前屈后伸状态时C5/6椎间孔孔径和面积的变化情况。 结果与结论：前屈后伸各级加载时,C5/6椎间孔上下径、上前后径、下前后径和面积椎间盘完整组、Bryan颈人工置换组和钢板植骨内固定组高于椎间盘髓核摘除组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),Bryan颈人工置换组高于钢板植骨内固定组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),可见颈椎间盘髓核摘除后C5/6椎间孔有效空间明显减少。     

经皮椎弓根植器械与新型脊柱外固定联合应用的力学评价

背景：新型脊柱外固定器体外力学实验证明为有足够稳定性的弹性固定,椎体骨折经椎弓根植骨力学性能有待评价。 目的：观察应用经皮椎弓根植骨联合脊柱外固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果,并对该术进行生物力学评价。 设计、时间及地点：回顾性分析,病例来自2006-02/2007-06南华大学第一附属医院脊柱外科。 对象：选择南华大学第一附属医院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折患者30例,男19例,女11例,年龄16~60岁;30例患者均为创伤性骨折,其中18例患者病椎有不同程度的椎体压缩,12例有不同程度的椎管狭窄。 方法：全部患者均采用经皮椎弓根植骨器械联合新型脊柱外固定器进行微创治疗;随机选取老年女性胸腰段脊柱标本(T9~L4)中20个椎体,测试骨折前、植骨后椎体强度及刚度。 主要观察指标：患者植骨后功能恢复及有无并发症发生;植骨后椎体最大载荷及刚度。 结果：①本组病例均安全完成植骨,植骨时间平均90 min;失血量平均160 mL;植骨量平均4.5 mL。术中椎体高度有不同程度恢复,除2例背部软组织钉道感染外,其他患者未发生严重并发症。30例患者均获得3个月以上的随访,平均随访6个月,所有患者腰背痛明显缓解或消失,脊柱活动度无明显丢失,椎管狭窄基本解除,有神经功能障碍病例得到明显改善。无螺钉松动断裂、椎体感染、取骨区后遗疼痛等病例。②生物力学结果表明,植骨后椎体最大抗压力与原始最大抗压力差异无显著性意义[(1 276.1±274.6),(1 343.5±428.7) N,P > 0.05];但椎体原始刚度大于植骨后刚度[(1 090.3±429.2),(366.1±102.7) N/mm,P < 0.05]。 结论：经皮椎弓根植骨联合脊柱外固定是治疗胸腰椎骨折的一种安全有效的微创方法,具有重建脊柱稳定性、持续复位和保存脊柱活动度优势。     

纳米羟基磷灰石增强聚酰胺66颈椎仿生骨块材料生物力学分析

背景：颈椎前路次全椎体减压后形成的椎体骨骼缺损,需要相关的脊柱支撑物。临床上有自体髂骨和钛合金椎间融合器应用,但均有相关的并发症和不适现象。 目的：自行研发的生物型颈椎仿生骨块在尸体标本上进行相关的生物力学分析,验证其生物学强度和稳定性。 设计、时间及地点：对比观察实验,于2008-09/10在上海大学生物力学实验室完成。 材料：南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院制备的纳米羟基磷灰石增强聚酰胺66颈椎仿生骨块,尺寸为1.2 cm×1.4 cm×2 cm的中空柱状物,中空为直径0.5 cm（2 cm为植入物长度可以根据实际骨槽的长度进行缩短）,其内填塞在前路手术中磨碎的骨渣。 方法：16具新鲜男性冰冻尸体C1~T1部位颈椎标本及自体髂骨条,先期测量未侵入操作颈椎的生物应力作为正常组,测试后行颈椎前路次全椎体切除,一组植入自体髂骨条,钢板螺钉固定;另一组植入仿生椎体填塞骨渣,同样钢板螺钉固定。将待测标本安装在WD-5电子万能试验机上进行生物力学测量。 主要观察指标：颈椎的轴向刚度、颈椎强度、颈椎旋转能力。 结果：自体髂骨组的轴向刚度、颈椎强度、扭转力均明显低于正常组和颈椎仿生骨块植入组（P < 0.05）。颈椎仿生骨块植入组的生物力学特性与正常组比较,差异无显著性意义（P > 0.05）。 结论：纳米羟基磷灰石增强聚酰胺66颈椎仿生骨块强度大、刚度高、颈椎稳定性好。     

Osteoid osteoma of a cervical vertebral body

We report a very rare case of 5-year-old boy with osteoid osteoma of the cervical vertebral body. The patient presented with a 6-month history of neck pain with radiation into the shoulder and arm on the left side, which was relieved by ibuprofen. Neurological examination and plain radiographs of the cervical spine were normal. CT scan and bone scintigraphy, rather than MRI suggested the pathological diagnosis, which was confirmed on histological examination. The patient underwent excision of the lesion via an anterior approach with complete resolution of the pain postoperatively.     

Diagnostic problems in vertebral body hemangioma]

Vertebral haemangioma is a slowly growing benign tumour arising from blood vessels. Haemangioma of the vertebrae is usually asymptomatic. Neurological symptoms occur when haemangioma causes compression of nerve roots or spinal cord. In this paper a case of a 59 year-old woman with, vertebral body L2 haemangioma is reported. The signs and symptoms, modern imaging techniques (CT, MRI), differential diagnosis and treatment were discussed.     

Incidence of subsequent vertebral body fractures after vertebroplasty

The causal relationship between vertebroplasty and new-onset vertebral fractures remains unproved. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess whether vertebroplasty increases the incidence of new vertebral fractures and adjacent vertebral fractures. A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases up to April 2013 was conducted. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials of osteoporotic vertebral fracture patients receiving vertebroplasty. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and heterogeneity was assessed with both the chi-squared test and the I² test. Four studies with a total of 454 patients met the inclusion criteria. All four studies described the incidence of new vertebral fractures and three studies described adjacent vertebral fractures. The pooled results revealed that vertebroplasty was not associated with a significant increase in the incidence of new vertebral fractures (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.75–1.67; p = 0.59) or adjacent vertebral fractures (RR 2.31, 95% CI 0.36–15.06; p = 0.38). Based on available evidence, it cannot be concluded that vertebroplasty can significantly increase the postoperative rate of new vertebral fractures and adjacent vertebral fractures. However, due to some limitations, the results of this meta-analysis should be cautiously accepted, but further studies are needed.     

Transpedicular reconstruction of vertebral body height with simultaneous interbody spondylodesis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Surgical treatment of traumatic spinal injury should include fast and complete decompression of spinal cord and radices wits reduction of broken vertebral body, restoration of physiological spinal curvatures and spondylodesis of injured segments. Restoration of natural spinal curvatures is only possible when the height of broken vertebral body is reconstructed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1992 and 2001, 75 patients were operated on because of traumatic injuries of thoracolumbar spine in the Ortopaedic and Traumatology Department Skubiszewski Medical University of Lublin. 48 patients had broken vertebral body reduction with simultaneous filling of bone loss with autogenic bone grafts inserted through pediculum. Only in 4 cases posterior spondylodesis was carried out on arches and spinous processes. Transpedicular plasty of 44 broken vertebral bodies was connected with posterior interbody fusion with PLIF technique using graft application to interbody space. RESULTS: The operative protocol presented above allowed for the height of the anterior vertebral wall to be restored on average to 81.5% of the original height. We did not observe either fatigue breakage of the screws or screws loosening with kyphosis recurrence. We did not note serious postoperative complications, including neurological compromise. The operative procedure did not significantly change the neurological status of the patients. In 9 cases we noted neurological improvement: usually by 1 or 2 grades in Frankel's score. CONCLUSIONS: Restoration of the fractured vertebral body with bone grafts combined with posterior interbody spondylodesis effectively prevents the recurrence of the kyphotic deformation.     

Spinal cord ischaemic stroke associated with vertebral body infarction.

Only eight cases of spinal cord ischaemic stroke causing paraplegia with associated vertebral body infarction have been previously described. We describe a ninth case with histopathology confirming the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) appearance of vertebral body infarction. We have reviewed the literature concerning this condition and discuss its diagnosis and aetiology.     

Linear accelerator-based single-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy for symptomatic vertebral body hemangiomas: The Mayo Clinic experience

Symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas (SVHs) are rare benign tumors that when symptomatic require procedural intervention or radiotherapy (RT). Although conventionally-fractionated RT has been an alternative to surgical resection, there is very little data on stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for SVHs. Six consecutively treated patients with SVHs underwent definitive single-fraction SBRT from 2010 to 2018 at our institution. The RT planning parameters, treatment, outcome, and toxicities are reported for 6 patients with 6 total SVHs treated with single-fraction SBRT. Each patient presented with back pain and received single-fraction SBRT to a thoracic vertebral body hemangioma. One patient had received radiofrequency ablation prior to SBRT. The median SBRT dose was 18 Gy (range, 13–20). Following SBRT, 4 (67%) patients reported improvement in presenting symptoms and 2 patients (33%) were refractory. There were no acute or chronic toxicities associated with SBRT including esophagitis, vertebral compression fractures, or myelopathy. To date, this is the largest series of single-fraction SBRT for SVHs. Single fraction SBRT appears to be a feasible option for SVHs. Further studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings and optimize dose fractionation.     

Complications associated with cervical vertebral body replacement with expandable titanium cages

Our aim was to analyze complications and risk factors for cervical vertebral body replacement (VBR) with expandable titanium cages (ETC). Fifty patients; 22 women and 28 men, mean age 61 years, undergoing cervical VBR from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed. Complications were stratified by hardware-association (HA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors. Single, two and three level corpectomies were performed in 32, 15 and 3 patients respectively. A circumferential approach was necessary in 16 cases. At mean follow-up (7.3 months) 66% of patients had recovered. Radiological data showed a significant distraction (2.60 mm, p < 0.0001) and lordosis (5°, p = 0.001). Twenty-three patients experienced 42 complications; 18 HA, 24 non-HA and 24% needed revision surgery. The number of corpectomy levels and surgical approach significantly correlated with the risk of complications (p = 0.001), especially non-HA complications (p = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, only the number of corpectomy levels (p < 0.02, odds ratio 5.48, 95% CI 1.31–22.91) was a significant predictor of complications. We conclude that ETC are efficacious devices for cervical spine VBR, however, when used for more than 1 level, the corpectomy complication rate significantly increases.     

Morphometrical study of uncinate processes and vertebral body of cervical spine

Objective

The anatomical knowledge is the most important and has a direct link with success of operation in cervical spine surgery. The authors measured various cervical parameters in cadaveric dry bones and compared with previous reported results.

Methods

We made 255 dry bones age from 19 to 72 years (mean, 42.3 years) that were obtained from 51 subjects in 100 subjects who donated their bodies. All measurements from C3-C7 levels were made using digital vernier calipers, standard goniometer, and self-made fix tool for two different cervical axes (canal and disc setting). We classified into 4 groups (uncinate process, vertebral body, lamina, and pedicle) and measured independently by two neurosurgeons for 28 parameters.

Results

We analyzed 23970 measurements by mean value and standard deviations. In comparing with previous literatures, there are some different results. The mean values for uncinate process (UP) width ranged from 5.5 mm at C4 and 5 to 6.3 mm at C3 and C7 in men. Also, in women, the mean values for UP width ranged from 5.5 mm at C5 to 6.3 mm at C7. C7 was widest and C5 was most narrow than other levels. The antero-posterior length of UP tended to increase gradually from C3 to C6. The tip way, tip distance, and base distance of UP also showed increasing pattern from C3 to C7.

Conclusion

These measurements can provide the spinal surgeons with a starting point to address bony architectures surrounding targeted soft tissues for safeguard against unintended damages during cervical operation.     

Cervical vertebral body fracture with ankylosing spondylitis treated with cervical pedicle screw: A fracture body overlapping reduction technique

We describe a patient with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with cervical spinal fracture treated with cervical pedicle screw placement (CPS) through a single posterior approach.A 43-year-old male patient with AS visited our emergency centre due to paralysis following a trauma. Coronal reconstructed cervical spine computed tomography (CT) scan showed a C5 oblique fracture, and the bilateral pedicles were separated superiorly and inferiorly. The sagittal reconstructed CT image revealed bamboo spine and C5 vertebrae body fracture. Hyperextension between the fractured segments of the C5 body was noted because the fracture gap was anteriorly open. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cord compression and injury at the C4–5 level.CPS was performed at the C3–6 levels. Because the left and right pedicles were displaced superiorly and inferiorly, dual compressions between the left C5 and left C6 pedicle screws and between the right C5 and right C4 pedicle screws were performed. Decompression at the C4 and C5 levels was performed after identifying good alignment. This posterior fusion surgery was performed for two hours. After surgery, the radiograph showed complete reduction and fracture gap apposition. The patient was rehabilitated, and his muscle strength improved. Postoperative CT and X-rays revealed complete fracture site fusion and correct CPS position.Considering increased morbidity of long-level or -duration surgery, our fracture body overlapping technique using CPS and posterior only approach seems to be a possible and good surgical method in traumatic cervical fracture with AS.     

颈椎治疗过程中骨与椎体的生物力学变化

目的：观察颈椎病患者与正常人、颈椎病患者治疗前后影像学和颈周肌群力学指标变化情况,探讨颈椎稳定性在颈椎病发病中的作用,对颈椎病患者非手术疗法的效果以及颈椎病患者的康复结果进行评定。 方法：实验于2005-09/2008-11在上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院和国家中医药管理局推拿生物力学三级实验室完成。将63例颈椎病患者随机分为推拿组和牵引组,30名正常人做对照组。选取年龄性别与对照组相匹配的颈椎病患者30例,比较两者不稳节段发生率、不稳发生节段部位,以及颈肌力学指标,并观察颈椎病患者采用推拿和牵引治疗2周后的颈椎椎体位移以及颈周肌肌力。 结果：①与正常人相比颈椎节段出现不稳病例数及节段数均显著升高。②推拿组患者治疗后颈椎不稳病例数和不稳节段数均显著减少。③颈椎病患者颈伸肌和颈屈肌在60 (°)/s等速运动状态下峰值力矩(PT)、F/E显著低于正常人群。④推拿手法治疗后颈椎病患者的峰值力矩、主动肌/拮抗肌比值都有显著的改善。 结论：①颈椎稳定性和颈椎周围肌群尤其是颈伸肌肌力变化是颈椎病发生和发展的重要因素。②改善颈椎周围肌群尤其是颈伸肌的肌力是颈椎病手法等非手术治疗方法发生作用的关键环节。