Prolonged chronic phase in chronic myelogenous leukemia after homoharringtonine therapy

Background Homoharringtonine （HHT） is effective in treating late stage chronic myelogenous leukaemia （CML）, but little is known about long term maintenance during complete cytogenetic response. Long term efficacy and toxicity profiles of low dose HHT were evaluated in this study. Methods One hundred and six patients with CML received 1.5 mg/m^2 of HHT alone by continuous daily infusion for seven to nine days every four weeks. Of 79 patients in the control group, 31 were treated with interferon α （IFN-α） and 48 with hydroxycarbamide. For 17 patients who failed to achieve cytogenetic response within 12 months＇ treatment of IFN-α, HHT was administered. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the BCR-ABL mRNA expression in 36 Philadelphia positive CML patients enrolled after 2007. Haematological and cytogenetic responses were evaluated in all patients at the 12th month of follow-up. Long term efficacy was assessed in a follow-up with a median time of 54 months （12 months-98 months）. Results After 12 months of therapy, cytogenetic response rate of the HHT, IFN-α and hydroxycarbamide groups were 39/106, 14/31 and 3/48, and corresponding molecular cytogenetic response rates 6/18, 3/8 and 0. Of the 17 patients who received HHT as salvage treatment, 6 achieved cytogenetic response （3 major）. At the 48 months＇ follow-up, cytogenetic response was maintained in 32/39 patients treated with HHT. Patients who had cytogenetic response in HHT group or treated with IFN-α also showed longer median chronic durations, which were 45 months （12 months-98 months） and 49 months （12 months-92 months） respectively, indicating a longer survival time. Conclusions Low dose HHT alone showed considerable short term and long term efficacy in the treatment of late stage CML. It may also be a good choice for patients who have failed imatinib, IFN-α treatment or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or cannot afford these treatments.     

慢病管理对慢性乙型肝炎治疗效果的评价

目的观察慢病管理对慢性乙肝治疗的干预效果。方法将180例慢性乙肝患者随机分为观察组90例和对照组90例。对观察组进行慢痛管理干预,对照组未进行干预。采用疾病认知、依从性、生活方式测定量表对患者进行评价。结果观察组干预后疾病认知度、治疗依从性及生活方式积分较干预前明显提高,干预前后比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;干预后积分与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。时照组干预前后治疗依从性评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,疾病认知度及生活方式积分观察前后比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论实施慢病管理干预可以提高乙肝患者对乙肝的认知度及治疗依从性,改善不良的生活方式。     

四种方法治疗慢性淋巴水肿、淋巴管（结）炎的比较研究

目的应用四种常用方法,比较治疗慢性淋巴水肿和淋巴管（结）炎的疗效。方法采用音频电疗结合绑扎、桑叶注射液结合绑扎、香豆素、消肿乳糜清制剂分组治疗。结果音频电疗结合绑扎、桑叶注射液结合绑扎、香豆素、消肿乳糜清制剂组对慢性淋巴水肿疗后基本治愈和显效率分别为36．36％、68．75％、41．07％和61．78％,对慢性淋巴管结炎的治愈率分别为54．17％、83．33％、69．64％、95．85％。结论消肿乳糜清制剂是慢性淋巴水肿、淋巴管（结）炎患者最理想的天然治疗药物。     

Approaching chronic cough

Chronic cough is one of the most common reasons for referral to a respiratory physician. Although fatal complications are rare, it may cause considerable distress in the patient’s daily life. Western and local data shows that in patients with a normal chest radiograph, the most common causes are postnasal drip syndrome, postinfectious cough, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and cough variant asthma. Less common causes are the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, smoker’s cough and nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis. A detailed history-taking and physical examination will provide a diagnosis in most patients, even at the primary care level. Some cases may need further investigations or specialist referral for diagnosis.     

Tropical chronic pancreatitis

Tropical chronic pancreatitis (TCP) is a juvenile form of chronic calcific non-alcoholic pancreatitis, seen almost exclusively in the developing countries of the tropical world. The classical triad of TCP consists of abdominal pain, steatorrhoea, and diabetes. When diabetes is present, the condition is called fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) which is thus a later stage of TCP. Some of the distinctive features of TCP are younger age at onset, presence of large intraductal calculi, more aggressive course of the disease, and a high susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic calculi are the hallmark for the diagnosis of TCP and in non-calcific cases ductal dilation on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, computed tomography, or ultrasound helps to identify the disease. Diabetes is usually quite severe and of the insulin requiring type, but ketosis is rare. Microvascular complications of diabetes occur as frequently as in type 2 diabetes but macrovascular complications are uncommon. Pancreatic enzyme supplements are used for relief of abdominal pain and reducing the symptoms related to steatorrhoea. Early diagnosis and better control of the endocrine and exocrine dysfunction could help to ensure better survival and improve the prognosis and quality of life of TCP patients.     

合理氧疗对慢性肺源性心脏病预后的影响

目的探讨不同氧疗方法对慢性肺源性心脏病预后的影响。方法通过改进氧疗方法观察慢性肺源性心脏病预后。结果观察组较对照组疗效佳。结论合理氧疗对患者的早日康复有一定的影响。     

慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征诱发因素的临床研究

2004年1月2008年1月随机抽取了160例慢性前列腺炎／慢性盆腔疼痛综合征（CP／CPPS）在门诊治疗后症状缓解的患者,对几种常见的CP／CPPS诱发因素如饮酒、吃辣椒、骑自行车、过频性生活等进行临床对照研究,对诱发因素引起相应症状的程度、时间和转归等进行探讨。现报告如下。     

前列解毒胶囊联合盐酸坦洛新缓释片治疗慢性前列腺炎/慢性骨盆疼痛综合征的临床研究

目的 探讨前列解毒胶囊联合盐酸坦洛新缓释片治疗慢性前列腺炎/慢性骨盆疼痛综合征的临床效果.方法 选取我院2016年1月—2017年1月收治的慢性前列腺炎/慢性骨盆疼痛综合征患者100例,采取抽签法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组50例.对照组采用前列解毒胶囊联合左氧氟沙星进行治疗,观察组在此基础上加用盐酸坦洛新治疗,对2组患者的疼痛症状、 慢性前列腺炎症状指数(NIH-CPSI)、 白细胞(WBC)、 生活质量等临床指标及不良反应发生率进行比较.结果 观察组患者经过治疗后疼痛症状评分、WBC、NIH-CPSI评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组生活质量评分明显优于对照组(P<0.05);2组患者不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 前列解毒胶囊联合盐酸坦洛新缓释片治疗慢性前列腺炎/慢性骨盆疼痛综合征临床疗效优异.     

Fluoxetine ameliorates symptoms of refractory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Background  Category III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common syndrome of unclear etiology with significant impact on quality of life. Because the outcomes of multiple therapies for CP/CPPS have been far from approving, the possible psychological factors have been considered to play an important role in CP/CPPS. Based on this, we investigated the role of antidepressant drug (fluoxetine) in men with refractory CP/CPPS.

Methods  In this study, 42 men diagnosed with refractory CP/CPPS without response to standard therapy (include multiple antibiotic courses and α-blockers) were referred for fluoxetine therapy. All patients received fluoxetine (20 mg/d) for three months and were clinically evaluated before (baseline), and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of therapy. The evaluation included a National Institutes of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) and a Beck depression inventory (BDI) questionnaire. Moreover, the subjective global assessment (SGA) was assessed at the 4th, 8th and 12th week of therapy.

Results  Significant decreases were observed for total NIH-CPSI (28.55 to 9.29), NIH-CPSI pain (14.69 to 5.19), NIH-CPSI urinary (4.95 to 1.88 ), NIH-CPSI quality of life (8.83 to 2.20), and BDI (34.67 to 13.95) scores compared with baseline, all P values <0.05. Twenty-nine (69.05%) reported marked improvement on the subjective global assessment and 33 (78.57%) had a greater than 50% decrease in NIH-CPSI at the end of therapy (12th week). At the same time, the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between BDI score and each CPSI score. No adverse events were reported in this study.

Conclusions  Fluoxetine appears to be a safe and effective treatment in improving symptoms in, and the quality of life of, men with difficult CP/CPPS. Moreover, amelioration of difficult CP/CPPS-related symptoms could be related to a decrease in depressive symptoms.

     

Adolescents and chronic illness

An epidemiologic background of chronic illness in children in the United States is presented, including prevalence data for 21 major chronic conditions. Normal adolescent development is reviewed, and the impact of chronic disease on this development is discussed. Finally, access to care for these patients and participation by primary providers are examined.     

慢性咳嗽的研究

咳嗽是机体的自我防御机制,临床以咳嗽为唯一症状或主要症状、时间超过8周、胸部X线检查无明显异常者为不明原因的慢性咳嗽.引起慢性咳嗽的病因有多种,虽然机制还尚不清楚,但是大多数病人存在咳嗽反射过敏和敏感性增加,可能与呼吸道感染等因素导致感觉神经阈值降低有关.咳嗽一症可单独存在,也可合并存在.     

鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效观察

目的:观察鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效,研究提高鼻内镜手术疗效的方法及手术中的要点。方法:468例慢性鼻窦炎患者,其中Ⅰ型106例,Ⅱ型228例,Ⅲ型134例,术前予以抗生素、激素、稀化粘素等药物,均行鼻内镜下手术治疗。手术采用Messerklinger基本术式,摘除鼻息肉,切除钩突,开放筛窦后清理中组筛房至筛顶,然后清理前组筛房和眶上筛房,扩大上颌窦自然开口,根据病情、CT结果和术中所见扩大额窦和蝶窦口,同期治疗合并存在影响鼻腔通气引流的病变,术后定期随访观察,及时清理鼻腔痂皮、囊泡、小息肉及肉芽组织,合理规范用药,直至术腔完全上皮化。结果:治愈350例(74.79%),有效96例(20.51%),无效22例(4.7%),总有效率95.3%。主要并发症是术中出血、眶纸板损伤,术后鼻腔粘连、窦口粘连、闭塞等。结论:鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎具有创伤小、疗效好等传统鼻窦手术无法比拟的优点。充分的术前准备、熟练的手术技能、术中保持术野清晰、彻底清除病灶、正确处理中鼻甲、同期处理影响鼻腔通气的病变、规范的术后随访是防止手术并发症和提高疗效的关键。     

慢性支气管炎患者慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病影响因素的研究

目的 研究慢性支气管炎患者慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）发病的影响。方法 1992年对≥15岁的67251名农民普查发现1999例未发生COPD的慢性支气管炎患者,收集吸烟、COPD家族史、炉灶情况、粉尘接触、肺功能等基线资料。整群随机分为干预区和对照组,对干预区实施戒烟宣传等干预措施。2000年采用分层随机抽样方法抽取1114例进行复查。结果 应答且资料完整者869例（占1114例的78．0％）。吸烟、基线COPD家族史阳性使第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）和／或第1秒用力呼气量百分比（FEV1／FVC）随年龄下降速度加快,戒烟者与不吸烟者下降速度无显著差异。COPD8年累积发病与基线年龄、吸烟、COPD家族史阳性呈独立的正相关,而与基线FEV1和FEV1／FVC呈独立的负相关,戒烟与不吸烟者发病危险差异无显著意义。结论 衰老、吸烟、COPD家族史、肺功能低下且慢性支气管炎患者COPD发病独立的危险因素,特别不是独立的危险因素,戒烟可使吸烟者发病危险降低至近似于不吸烟者的水平。