股骨干顺行髓内钉固定后同侧股骨颈骨折的治疗

目的：探讨股骨干骨折行顺行髓内钉固定后发现同侧股骨颈骨折的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析2000年1月至2010年1月股骨干骨折行顺行髓内钉固定后术中或术后发现同侧股骨颈骨折的患者12例,全部以2枚螺钉分别自髓内钉前后方固定股骨颈骨折,定期随访,评估骨折愈合及功能恢复情况。结果：术后随访10—36个月,平均16．5个月。股骨颈骨折平均愈合时间3．6个月,股骨干骨折平均愈合时间5．4个月,无股骨头坏死发生。按Harris评分标准髋关节功能：优7例,良3例,可2例。结论：股骨干骨折顺行髓内钉固定后发现同侧股骨颈骨折,以2枚螺钉分别自髓内钉前后方固定股骨颈骨折方法可行,固定可靠,手术创伤小,骨折愈合率高。     

股骨干骨折髓内固定术后合并股骨颈骨折的原因及治疗分析

目的探讨股骨干骨折髓内固定术后发生股骨颈骨折并发症的原因及治疗方法。方法分析笔者2004年3月至2011年3月收治的12例股骨骨折髓内固定术后发生股骨颈骨折的发生机制。治疗初始均采用保留原股骨干髓内钉固定,股骨颈骨折闭合复位,以空心钉于髓内钉主钉近端前或后固定。术后观察骨折愈合情况及进行患侧髋关节Harris评分。结果所有病例均获随访,其中3例为隐匿性股骨颈骨折漏诊,7例为手术操作、器材所致,2例为过早负重所致。11例股骨颈骨折愈合良好,1例股骨头坏死。术后随访髋关节Harris评分,优8例,良2例,中1例,差1例。结论应用空心钉治疗股骨骨折髓内固定术后合并股骨颈骨折可取得良好的治疗效果,避免漏诊、规范操作、恰当锻炼可有效减少此并发症发生。     

股骨重建髓内钉治疗股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折临床分析

目的分析股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的治疗方法。方法对12例股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折采用股骨重建钉内固定治疗,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果 12例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间120 min,平均术中出血量470 m L,患者均获得随访24~48个月的随访,均获得骨性愈合,仅1例发生髋内翻畸形,未出现股骨头缺血性坏死、内固定物失效或感染等其他并发症。采用Harris髋关节功能评分功能评分,优8例,良4例。结论对股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折采用股骨重建髓内钉治疗,恢复良好,并发症少,值得临床应用。     

股骨重建髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干多节段骨折合并髋部骨折

目的探讨小切口复位股骨重建髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干多节段骨折合并同侧髋部骨折的疗效。方法对54例股骨干多节段骨折合并同侧髋部骨折行小切口复位骨折段及粉碎的股骨干,然后采用股骨重建髓内钉内固定。股骨干骨折合并股骨颈骨折37例,股骨干骨折合并股骨粗隆间骨折17例。结果54例均获得3～6个月的随访,平均4个月。骨折均一期愈合,发生髋内翻1例,股骨头切割2例。末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分平均（92．22±2．17）分。结论小切口复位股骨干骨折同时采用股骨重建髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈或股骨粗隆间骨折,具有手术时间短、出血少且固定牢靠等优点,是预防髋内翻发生和促进骨折愈合的有效术式。     

股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折治疗的临床分折

目的探讨同侧股骨干、股骨颈骨折的临床特点、漏诊原因及治疗方法。方法11例同侧股骨干、颈骨折患者,10例采用股骨干切开复位加压钢板内固定,股骨颈骨折8例经皮空心钉或折断钉固定,1例股骨重建钉固定;1例加压鹅头钉固定,1例股骨颈、干骨折采用加长Gamma钉固定。结果11例随访9个月～8年,股骨干骨折均愈合。股骨颈骨折愈合10例,其中1例畸形愈合,不愈合1例,股骨头坏死2例。结论对股骨干骨折的患者,应常规摄骨盆前后位X线片,一旦确诊,应及早手术。采用股骨干骨折加压钢板固定,股骨颈骨折经皮空心钉或折断钉固定疗效满意。     

股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的手术方法和疗效.方法回顾性分析自1996年1月至2002年12月应用手术治疗资料完整的26例股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折患者,男22例,女4例;年龄17～50岁,平均28岁.受伤原因：交通伤17例,高处坠落伤9例.入院后即刻确诊股骨颈骨折16例;延迟诊断10例,延迟时间为3～75 d,平均13.1d.全部病例均采用切开复位内固定,其中股骨干骨折采用动力加压钢板内固定13例,顺行髓内钉固定2例,逆行髓内钉固定5例,该20例患者合并的股骨颈骨折采用空心钉固定;股骨干及股骨颈骨折同时应用重建髓内钉固定4例,动力髋螺钉（DHS）固定2例.结果术后随访3～9年,平均4.4年.25例股骨干骨折于术后16～32周骨折愈合,平均20周;1例在术后18个月骨折仍未愈合,经再次手术内固定并植骨后24周愈合.25例股骨颈骨折于术后12～28周骨折愈合,平均16周;1例股骨颈骨折10个月不愈合,行全髋关节置换.术后并发症包括伤口感染1例,内固定断裂1例,股骨头缺血性坏死1例,膝关节活动受限3例.结论股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折相对较少,漏诊率较高（38.5%）且治疗复杂.治疗应根据股骨干骨折的部位和股骨颈骨折的移位程度来确定内固定方式.     

股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的诊断与治疗

[目的]探讨股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的临床特点、漏诊原因和治疗方法。[方法]1999～2005年本院收治股骨干骨折伴同侧股骨颈骨折患者12例，回顾性分析这12例患者的临床资料。术前诊断股骨颈骨折7例，术中诊断2例，术后发现合并股骨颈骨折3例。其中3例采用股骨重建髓内针同时固定股骨干和股骨颈骨折，2例采用动力髋螺钉（DHS）固定，1例采用空心钉固定股骨颈骨折，再行闭合复位逆行带锁髓内钉固定股骨干骨折，2例采用顺行带锁髓内钉（UFN）结合空心钉固定，1例合并股骨髁上骨折，采用LISS—DF固定股骨干和股骨髁上髁间骨折，空心钉固定股骨颈，3例采用钢板固定2～3d后发现股骨颈骨折，再行空心钉固定。[结果]术后随访1～6年，平均3．4年，股骨干骨折均愈合，股骨颈骨折愈合11例，其中1例畸形愈合，不愈合1例，股骨头坏死1例。[结论]股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折相对较少，漏诊率较高，对于高能量损伤患者应提高警惕，常规摄骨盆前后位X线片，必要时行CT检查，治疗应根据股骨干骨折的部位和股骨颈骨折的移位程度来确定内固定方式。     

股骨重建带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折

目的:探讨应用股骨重建带锁髓内钉固定治疗股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折的效果.方法:总结我院2000年9月-2004年3月间收治的股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折10例,均用股骨重建带锁髓内钉内固定.结果:所有病例随访8～36个月,平均18个月.骨折全部愈合,其中股骨干平均愈合时间为6.5个月,股骨颈骨折平均愈合时间为5.8个月.所有患者随诊时均未发现股骨头有缺血性坏死的表现,患肢关节功能优良,内固定钉无断裂.结论:应用股骨重建带锁髓内钉一套内固定装置同时固定同侧股骨干及股骨颈两处骨折部位,手术创伤小,固定牢固可靠,符合股骨的生物力学特点,有利于骨折愈合,可早期进行患肢功能锻炼,减少并发症发生,取得满意的疗效.     

股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折治疗的临床分析

目的探讨同侧股骨干、股骨颈骨折的临床特点、漏诊原因及治疗方法。方法11例同侧股骨干、颈骨折患，10例采用股骨干切开复位加压钢板内固定，股骨颈骨折8例经皮空心钉或折断钉固定，1例股骨重建钉固定；1例加压鹅头钉固定，1例股骨颈、干骨折采用加长Gamma钉固定。结果11例随访9个月～8年，股骨干骨折均愈合。股骨颈骨折愈合10例，其中1例畸形愈合，不愈合1例，股骨头坏死2例。结论对股骨干骨折的患，应常规摄骨盆前后位X线片，一旦确诊，应及早手术。采用股骨干骨折加压钢板固定，股骨颈骨折经皮空心钉或折断钉固定疗效满意．     

股骨重建钉治疗股骨干合并同侧髋部骨折适应证探讨

目的探讨股骨重建钉治疗股骨干合并同侧髋部骨折的手术适应证。方法根据入选标准和排除标准,回顾2001年1月至2011年1月收治的股骨干合并同侧髋部骨折病例15例,其中男14例,女1例;年龄21~64岁,平均35.5岁。通过比较术前、术后即刻、术后1、3、6和12个月的临床和影像学随访结果,评估骨折愈合情况和并发症,分析股骨重建钉治疗股骨干合并同侧髋部骨折的最佳适应证。结果全部病例获得随访,随访时间14~48个月,平均27.8个月。13例股骨干骨折一期获得骨性愈合,愈合时间(6.2±4.1)个月,14例股骨颈骨折一期获得骨性愈合,愈合时间(5.4±2.9)个月。合并症:1例股骨远端骨折由于狭部限制,重建钉过细,局部旋转不稳定,并发肥大性骨不连;1例股骨中段骨折延迟愈合;2例股骨干旋转畸形愈合;1例股骨颈头下型骨折不愈合。末次随访时进行Friedman-Wyman评定,优12例,良2例,差1例,优良率93.3%。结论股骨重建钉适用于绝大部分股骨干骨折合并髋部骨折,尤其是股骨颈基底部骨折合并股骨干近端或狭部骨折。但对于股骨颈头下型、难复位的股骨颈骨折合并股骨干远端骨折,股骨重建钉并非最佳的治疗方案。     

股骨头毁损三联征:股骨头骨折-脱位合并股骨颈骨折

股骨头合并同侧股骨颈骨折是一种严重而复杂的创伤,保髋手术大多会失败。其治疗的难点及预后的关键在股骨颈骨折上。鉴于股骨颈骨折的发生与股骨头骨折-脱位之间存在明显的、前后关联的贯序特点,笔者认为以股骨头毁损三联征（disastrous triad of femoral head,DTFH）来概括这种类型的损伤,更能反映其损伤机制和预后特点。结合临床观察和文献资料,DTFH可分为3个类型：Ⅰ型,普通型DTFH,股骨颈骨折的发生紧随于股骨头骨折-脱位之后,是同一暴力造成的损伤;Ⅱ型,医源型DTFH,是在股骨头骨折-脱位的诊疗过程中发生了医源性股骨颈骨折;Ⅲ型,应力型DTFH,发生于股骨头骨折-脱位的治疗之后,在股骨头骨折面的远侧缘发生应力性股骨颈骨折。本文对各型DTFH的临床特点进行了初步的讨论。     

Antegrade nailing of femoral shaft fractures combined with neck or distal femur fractures

Introduction Complex femoral fractures pose considerable therapeutic challenges to orthopedic surgeons. We present a retrospective review of 25 patients with complex femoral fractures treated with intramedullary locked nailing and supplemental screw fixation.Materials and methods Fifteen patients with ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures (group 1) and 10 patients with ipsilateral femoral shaft and distal femur fractures (group 2) were treated from 1990 to 1998. High-energy injuries occurred in all patients. There were 4 open fractures. Antegrade, locked nailing of diaphyseal fractures was performed in all cases. Supplemental screws for the neck were used in all patients in group 1 and in 3 patients in group 2.Results All of the fractures united during the follow-up. Five patients in group 1 underwent reoperation (33.3%): one due to a delayed union, the second due to an implant failure, the third due to a nonunion of a neck fracture, and the last two because of an initially missed femoral neck fracture. None of the patients in group 2 underwent reoperation. Angular malalignment of the shaft was found in 6 fractures in group 1 (average 4.8^o, range 3^o–11^o) and in 4 fractures in group 2 (average 6^o, range 3^o–12^o). Shortening of the limb occurred in 3 patients in group 1 (average 1.4 cm, range 1–1.8) and in 1 patient in group 2 (2 cm). Loss of fixation was seen in 1 patient in each group. Avascular necrosis and infection were not seen in any case in both groups.Conclusion Femoral intramedullary nails with antegrade or retrograde options for insertion and different locking possibilities have extended the indications to include both diaphyseal and metaphyseal fractures. New nail designs, usually more expensive than the conventional nails, have been introduced into the market for this purpose. One has to keep in mind that antegrade, locked nailing of femoral shaft fractures combined with neck or distal femur fractures is a technically demanding but efficacious procedure. The success rate is high when the technique is meticulously implemented.     

Posterior dislocation of the hip with concomitant ipsilateral fractures of both the femoral head and shaft: A case report

Summary we report a rare injury in a 32-year-old man victim of a high-energy motor vehicle accident who sustained a posterior hip dislocation with concomitant ipsilateral fractures of both the femoral head and femoral shaft. Closed reduction of the hip was attempted but failed. Surgical approach was necessary to reduce the hip and then femoral nailing was performed. The femoral head fragment was neglected. The patient died after 2 days of neurological complications. Combination of posterior hip dislocation with ipsilateral femoral shaft and head fractures is unusual.     

Femoral Head Fracture without Dislocation by Low-Energy Trauma in a Young Adult

We describe the case of a healthy young man with a femoral head fracture by low-energy trauma that occurred without evidence of hip dislocation. While plain radiographs showed no definite fracture or dislocation, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a femoral head fracture with a wedge-shaped cortical depression at the superomedial aspect of the femoral head. Our patient reported feeling that the right hip had been displaced from its joint for a moment. This probably represented subluxation with spontaneous relocation. The characteristic findings and possible mechanisms of this fracture were postulated on the basis of the sequential 3 dimensional-CT and MRI. The clinical results of conservative treatment were better than those of previously reported indentation fractures.     

股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折治疗的临床观察

目的：探讨股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折的治疗特点和不同固定方法的疗效。方法：股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折27例,男22例,女5例;年龄14～65岁,平均35岁。动力髋螺钉（DHS）固定3例,加压钢板加空心加压螺钉固定12例,重建钉固定8例,顺行髓内钉加空心加压螺钉固定4例。13例固定术前用克氏针临时固定股骨颈骨折。结果：术后随访36～75个月,平均44个月。25例股骨颈骨折平均愈合时间4.5个月,2例股骨颈骨折不愈合。27例股骨干均愈合,平均愈合时间6个月。未用克氏针临时固定股骨颈骨折14例中,2例出现股骨颈不愈合,3例轻度髋内翻畸形。结论：股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折有许多固定方法可供选择,加压钢板加空心加压螺钉固定简便易用,在实施固定术前用克氏针临时固定股骨颈骨折可避免股骨颈骨折再移位和损伤。     

股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的漏诊分析与对策

目的 分析同侧股骨干骨折合并股骨颈骨折出现漏诊的原因及治疗。方法 回顾性分析7例同侧股骨干骨折合并股骨颈骨折的治疗方法、结果和漏诊原因。结果 漏诊病例与入院时未重视髋部损伤及X线片未明确显示骨折有关,但经正确治疗后效果满意。结论 提高对股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折损伤的注意并行相应的查体及影像学检查可避免股骨颈骨折的漏诊,出现漏诊后如果采取正确及时的治疗仍可得到较满意的效果。     

Treatment for ipsilateral fractures of femoral neck and shaft

Background

Concomitant ipsilateral femoral shaft and neck fractures present a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon, and no consensus has yet emerged on the optimal treatment method. We report the results of a retrospective study of 43 patients with these complex fractures who were treated at a single Level 1 trauma centre.

Patients and methods

The study participants consisted of 28 males and 15 females with a mean age of 43 years. The mean follow-up period was 48 months. Four different treatment methods were used: (1) antegrade reamed intramedullary nailing of the shaft with cancellous screw fixation of the neck, (2) dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation of the neck and low-contact dynamic compression plate (LCDCP) fixation of the shaft, (3) cancellous screw fixation of the neck and LCDCP fixation of the shaft, and (4) reconstruction nailing of both shaft and neck.

Results

No statistically significant differences in amount of blood loss, duration of surgery, total complication rate, nor clinical results were found among the four treatment methods. For femoral neck fracture, however, the complication rate of cannulated screw with antegrade intramedullary nailing fixation was 11 times that of DHS with LCDCP fixation.

Conclusions

Antegrade nail with screw fixation is not a recommended treatment method in patients with ipsilateral femoral shaft and neck fractures.     

股骨颈重建型交锁髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆下骨折及肿瘤

讨论股骨颈建型交锁髓内钉在股骨粗隆下复杂骨折及肿瘤中的应用。方法：２６例创伤性骨折,５例股骨粗隆下肿瘤,按Ｓｅｉｎｓｈｅｉｍｅｒｓ分类：Ⅱ型３例,Ⅲ型５例,Ⅳ型１６例,Ⅴ型４例。采用股颈重建型交锁髓内钉固定。结果：３０例获得随访１０－１１３个月,平均２９个月。     

8例Hoffa骨折手术治疗临床疗效分析

目的探讨手术治疗Hoffa骨折的临床疗效。方法自2011-01—2015-10共诊治8例Hoffa骨折。对于LetenneurⅠ、Ⅱ型骨折采用2或3枚空心拉力螺钉固定;对于LetenneurⅢ型骨折,3例用2枚空心拉力螺钉外加锁定钢板支撑固定,2例用2枚空心拉力螺钉外加横向2枚空心拉力螺钉固定。结果本组8例均获得随访8~37个月,平均20.3月,术后切口均一期愈合,术后3个月骨折均骨性愈合,随访过程未见骨折移位、内固定物失效、骨折不愈合、骨折畸形愈合等并发症。末次随访疗效用Letenneur评估系统进行评定:优4例,良3例,差1例。结论 Hoffa骨折行手术治疗时,对于LetenneurⅠ、Ⅱ型骨折行2或3枚空心拉力螺钉固定,对于LetenneurⅢ型骨折、粉碎性Hoffa骨折或伴有严重骨质疏松症患者加用锁定钢板支撑固定或横向2枚空心拉力螺钉固定,可达到固定牢固、能早期功能练习、术后并发症少、术后效果满意的疗效。