动脉锥度角对非定常血流速度分布的影响

从动脉血管具有1°左右的锥度角的实际情况出发,应用Navier-Stokes方程和质量连续原理对非定常状态下动脉中血液流动的锥度角效应问题建立了一组数学模型,继而采用贝塞尔函数方法进行了解析求解,获得了非定常状态下的动脉血液发展流动的速度分布公式.和无锥度角的动脉血管中的血液发展流动做了比较.得出了一些颇为新颖而重要的结论.     

锥度角对非定常的动脉血流的压力分布的影响

应用Navier-Stokes方程和质量连续原理对具有锥度角的动脉血管中非定常状态下的血液发展流动建立了一组数学模型，采用贝塞尔函数方法进行了解析求解，获得了非定常状态下的动脉血液发展流动的速度分布和压力分布公式。并与定常状态下动脉血管中的血液发展流动做了比较。结果表明，非定常状态下动脉血液发展流动的压力分布和定常状态下的动脉血管中的血液发展流动的压力分布差别很大。     

锥度角对弯曲动脉血管的血流动力学影响

运用血流动力学的基本原理和计算流体力学方法,对具有锥度角的弯曲血管内的血液二维定常流动流场进行数值模拟和分析.计算出具有锥度角的弯曲动脉内血液流动的压力和速度的分布情况.计算结果表明由于弯曲血管的曲率和沿血管渐缩的锥度角使得血管截面血流速度分布尤其是径向速度分布发生较大畸变;锥度角对弯曲动脉血管的血流动力学影响主要体现在对血流径向速度分布的影响.     

有锥度角的主动脉弓血液脉动流数值分析

目的 探求在正常生理脉动流条件下主动脉弓内血液流动速度和压力脉动分布，为动脉粥样硬化的成因和排除方法的研究提供理论依据。方法 运用计算流体力学方法和血流动力学的基本原理，对具有锥度角的主动脉弓内血液脉动流动进行数值模拟和可视化分析。结果 计算获得了具有锥度角的主动脉弓内血液流动在心动周期不同时刻的压力分布、速度分布、流线分布。结论 主脉弓内的血液脉动流流态表现复杂的原因是多方面的，而其中最为重要的原因就是主动脉弓的锥度角和曲率。     

血液循环系统中入口流动问题的研究

本文着重研究振荡状态下动脉血管的入口流动问题。从基本的Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程出发，进行线性化之后采用虚宗量Ｂｅｓｓｅｌ函数的方法求解，得出了一组描述血管振荡状态下发展流动的速度分布、压力分布公式。它们较之Ａｔａｂｅｋ等人推导的公式更为简明和易于计算。并且，在相同的条件下简化为形成流动的表达式后，两者的公式完全一致。数值计算还表明，本文公式的理论结果无论是和Ａｔａｂｅｋ等人的理论计算结果比较，还是和他们的实验结果比较，都是相当一致的。     

复杂动脉血管内血液流动的研究进展

动脉硬化是一种严重影响人类健康的动脉血管常见病。大量的研究证明动脉硬化病灶的产生与动脉管壁的切应力分布有着密切的联系，其易友部位位于腹主动脉末端、冠状动脉、颈动脉分又等处。本文就动脉硬化的易发部位出发，对复杂动脉血管内血液流动的近期研究作一综述。     

粘弹性血管入口区域内血管壁与血液耦合运动模型及其应用

从血液流动、血管壁运动、血液 血管壁耦合运动三方面出发 ,建立了粘弹性血管发展流动的数学模型。导出了一组血液流动的速度分布、压力分布公式以及管壁位移公式。并结合一组狗的胸主动脉参数进行分析与讨论。结果表明 :(1)入口区域内血液流动的速度分布、压力分布公式与管壁的粘弹性无关 ;(2 )导得的管壁运动公式反映了定常、非定常、入口流动、充分发展流动等不同流动时态和形态下血流压力、速度变化对血管壁运动的影响。 (3)定常、非定常状态下粘弹性血管的运动呈现一定的规律 :当x/RnR <0 .16时 ,管壁位移变化显著 ;当x/RnR >0 .16时 ,管壁位移变化平稳。在相同条件下 ,弹性血管的位移变化幅值大于粘弹性血管。 (4)粘弹性血管的运动不仅与它的径向、轴向位置有关 ,而且与血液对血管的作用力有关。 (5 )完全弹性问题可视为本文公式的特殊情况     

弹性动脉狭窄血管内血液流动的ALE方法分析

针对弹性动脉狭窄血管中血液的流动状况,采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法(ALE),在给定相同的边界条件下模拟出了弹性血管和刚性血管中血流速度和压力的变化情况,分析了不同狭窄程度模型的血流状态.结果表明:随着动脉的狭窄程度增加,其中心流速越来越大,窄前压力逐渐升高,窄后压力逐渐降低,狭窄前后的压差单调增加;刚性血管无法对人体正常生理状态进行比较好的模拟,其计算所得结论与实际情况差距较大.说明ALE方法对血液流动的数值研究是可行的.     

动脉分叉处的流体力学研究:流量分配比作为参数的重要性

动脉分叉处的流体力学研究：流量分配比作为参数的重要性［英］／ＭａｔｓｕｏＴ…／／Ｂｉｏｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｙ．１９９３，３０．２６７动脉分叉处的血流扰动和一些重要血管疾病（如动脉粥样硬化、动脉血管瘤）的成因密切相关，近年来对于分叉处的流动图案与速度分布做了...     

锥形血管内血液脉动流的数值模拟

将锥形血管与人体血液的脉动流动联系起来研究发展中的血液流动问题 ,给出了锥形血管的几何模型、血液流动的理论模型、生理边界条件以及计算条件 ;根据人体生理脉动流条件 ,建立了血流平均速度函数 ,并就此对三维锥形血管内的血液脉动流动进行了数值模拟 ,获得心动周期不同时刻的轴向速度、径向速度、断面压力和轴向压力分布曲线。将数值模拟计算结果与实验和分析计算结果进行对照 ,讨论了锥形血管内血液脉动流的特点。     

Computerised multiparametric analysis from images of blood flow through frog mesenteric arterial bifurcation

A computerised multiparametric procedure is developed to analyse the images of blood flow through various locations of the mesenteric arterial bifurcation of frog. The data are recorded by a video microscopic system and, after digitisation and pre-processing, are analysed by an IBM PC/AT based image processing system to obtain erythrocyte and velocity distribution profiles by axial tomographic and image velocimetry techniques respectively. The vessel radius, haematocrit, blood flow through main and branch arteries and flow separation zones are determined from the data by various analytical procedures. In contrast to the earlier techniques the data are obtained from the same location of the vessel and thus the variability in flow parameters is minimised.     

Velocity profile distribution along an arterial vessel: way to improve detection of stenotic sites

The influence of an arterial stenosis on the pattern of blood velocity spatial distribution is investigated. The blood velocity field in a human femoral artery in a stenotic state is computed by means of numerical simulation. Four distributions of velocity profiles along the vessel are shown, corresponding to four different instants of the cardiac cycle. The shape of the spatial pattern of the velocity profile is strongly perturbed by the stenosis: disturbances are so clear that an easy, precise localisation of the stenotic site is always possible, whatever instant of the cardiac cycle is considered. The reported results prove that a three-dimensional view of the velocity profile distribution along the vessel best emphasises the relevant haemodynamic information from a diagnostic point of view.     

T型分叉血管中血液流动对动脉血栓形成的影响

目的 从血流动力学角度研究T型血管分叉处血液流动的改变对血栓形成的影响。主要从血流速度、分支直径、T型分叉角度及血液粘度方面研究血液流动对血栓形成的影响。同时结合相关医学病例,从多学科角度分析并验证医学研究中的有关血栓形成机理的猜测。方法 建立T-型动脉血管的几何模型,采用计算流体动力学方法对血管内流场进行数值分析研究,分析不同条件的流动对血栓形成影响。结果 在分叉血管附近的支血管和主血管中分别形成了两处较大区域的涡流区域,另外,在分叉交接处的下游位置也出现了一处较小的区域,这些区域速度较低,剪应力出现突然增大趋势,符合血栓形成,因此成为“最适成栓位置”。结论 血栓在“最适成栓位置”的形成还与分支血管直径、血管中血流速度、分叉角度以及血液粘度等有密切关系。     

Blood-flow distribution at branches of arterial microvessels in the frog mesentery

The blood-flow distribution was studied in 49 bifurcations of arterial trunks 25.7 in diameter into branches 0.9 in diameter in the mesentery ofR. temporaria. The flow was calculated as the product of the linear velocity of blood flow and the area of cross-section of the vessel. The linear velocity was measured by impulse digital chronometry of the erythrocyte transit time, and the geometry of the bifurcation was studied in intravital photographs. The asymmetrical structure of the bifurcation was established: One branch had a lumen 2.2 times greater than the other, and a smaller angle of turn (29° and 59°). The flow into branch I was 3 times greater than the flow into branch II, as the result of its larger lumen and the greater linear velocity of the blood flow. According to calculations, the specific resistance of turn of the branch was negligible compared with the total resistance to its blood flow; hence it follows that the angle of turn of the branches is not an important regulator of the blood volume flowing through it. The correlation found experimentally between the blood flow in the branches, their radius, and their angle of turn is well described by equations of an optimal model of vascular ramification.Institute of Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 307–309, March, 1976.     

模拟正常动脉壁残余应变和应力的数值研究

目的 探讨残余应变对动脉壁周向应力-应变分布的影响.方法 构造残余应变数值施加方法,对在不同生理血压下的动脉壁应力-应变进行数值模拟,并且模拟了残余应变使动脉圆环张开的情形.结果 动脉壁的周向应力水平明显降低;周向应变沿壁厚的分布趋于均匀;动脉圆环的张开角α大致为7°.结论 残余应变降低了载荷状态下的应力水平;残余应变直接改变了载荷状态下动脉壁沿径向的周向应变分布;残余应变的存在会使无载荷状态的动脉圆环发生张开;血管壁优化状态体现了均匀应变优化标准.     

In vivo total retinal blood flow measurement by Fourier domain Doppler optical coherence tomography

There is considerable interest in new methods for the assessment of retinal blood flow for the diagnosis of eye diseases. We present in vivo normal human volumetric retinal flow measurement using Fourier domain Doppler optical coherence tomography. We used a dual-plane scanning pattern to determine the angle between the blood flow and the scanning beam in order to measure total flow velocity. Volumetric flow in each blood vessel around the optic nerve head was integrated in one cardiac cycle in each measurement. Measurements were performed in the right eye of one human subject. The measured venous flow velocity ranged from 16.26 mm/s to 29.7 mm/s. The arterial flow velocity ranged from 38.35 mm/s to 51.13 mm/s. The total retinal venous and arterial flow both added up to approximately 54 microl/min. We believe this is the first demonstration of total retinal blood flow measurement using the OCT technique.     

Flow and stress characteristics in rigid walled and compliant carotid artery bifurcation models

Computer simulation of pulsatile non-Newtonian blood flow has been carried out in different human carotid artery bifurcation models. In the first part of the investigation, two rigid walled models are analysed, differing in the bifurcation angle (wide angle and acute angle bifurcation) and in the shape of both the sinus (narrow and larger sinus width) and the bifurcation region (small and larger rounding of the flow divider), in order to contribute to the study of the geometric factor in atherosclerosis. The results show a significant difference in the wall shear stress and in the flow separation. Flow recirculation in the sinus is much more pronounced in the acute angle carotid. An important factor in flow separation is the sinus width. In the second part of the study, flow velocity and wall shear stress distribution have been analysed in a compliant carotid artery bifurcation model. In the mathematical model, the non-Newtonian flow field and the idealised elastic wall displacement are coupled and calculated iteratively at each time step. Maximum displacement of approximately 6% of the diastolic vessel diameter occurs at the side wall of the bifurcation region. The investigation demonstrates that the wall distensibility alters the flow feld and the wall shear stress during the systolic phase. Comparison with corresponding rigid wall results shows that flow separation and wall shear stress are reduced in the distensible wall model.     

Blood flow in the triceps brachii muscle in humans during sustained submaximal isometric contractions

The main purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which blood flow through the profunda artery within the triceps brachii muscle may be compromised during maintained low-force isometric fatiguing contractions. Doppler ultrasound techniques were used to record mean blood velocity and arterial diameter of the profunda brachii artery during sustained isometric contractions of 20% maximal voluntary contraction. The arterial diameter did not change throughout the contraction. Thus, blood velocity was considered to be an indicator of blood flow. The mean blood velocity increased initially and then remained constant during the contraction period. When compared to rest [0.06 (SD 0.03) m s^–1] mean blood velocity was significantly larger at the start of the contraction [0.13 (SD 0.07) m s^–1] and larger yet during recovery following the contraction [0.30 (SD 0.14) m s^–1]. Although blood flow through the conduit artery did not drop during the contraction, the post-contraction hyperaemia suggested that circulatory compromise might have occurred at the level of the capillary beds. Electronic Publication