DDBT类可溶性聚酰亚胺的合成与性能研究

由二甲基-5，5'-3，7-二苯并噻吩二胺（DDBT）和3，3',4,4'-二苯砚四羧酸二酐（DSDA）、2,2'-双（3，4-二羧酸）六氟丙烷二酐（……FDA）、均苯四羧酸二酐（PMDA）、联苯四羧酸二酐（BPDA）等多种二酐单体进行缩聚反应制备了新型可溶性聚酰亚胺。测定了其特性粘度为0.6-0.9dL/g；DDBT与DSDA、6FDA反应得到的聚酰亚胺在非质子强极性溶剂中具有良好的溶解性。用IR、热力学分析等手段对DDBT类聚酰亚胺进行了表征，并对可溶性DDBT-DSDA聚酰亚胺膜作了进一步的研究，推导出了苯在DDBT-DSDA聚酰亚胺膜中动态吸附初期的吸附方程。实验结果表明DDBT-DSDA聚酰亚胺膜对苯具有特殊的亲和力。     

聚(氧-1,4-亚苯基对苯二酰基-1,4-亚苯基)的表征与性能

对由对苯二甲酰氯与二苯醚在常规条件下经傅氏亲电取代反应制得的聚(氧-1,4-亚苯基对苯二酰基-1,4-亚苯基)[聚芳醚酮(PEK)]进行了结构表征与性能研究。PEK的T_g=152℃,T_m=374.1℃,热分解温度T_d=545.9℃。热分解活化能E_d=193.5 KJ/mol,表明该聚合物具有优良的热稳定性。     

基于3,5-二胺基-N（N′,N′-正二丁基甲酰胺基苯基）-苯甲酰胺的聚酰亚胺的溶解性、热稳定性和取向性能

用制得的大体积双侧基3,5-二胺基-N（N′,N′-正二丁基甲酰胺基苯基）-苯甲酰胺（DAPDM）,与3,3′-二甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷(DMMDA)、3,3′,4,4′-二苯醚四甲酸二酐(ODPA)采用一步法共缩聚制得聚酰亚胺共聚物。采用核磁共振对该共聚物进行了表征,对其溶解性、热稳定性、预倾角进行了分析。结果表明：制备的聚酰亚胺可溶于氮甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）、二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）等溶剂,溶解性良好,并且聚酰亚胺膜具有2.8°的预倾角。     

离子交联磺化聚(酰亚胺-苯并咪唑)质子交换膜的制备及性能

通过高温溶液缩聚法,将1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸二酐与6,6’-二[2-（4-氨基苯）苯并咪唑]、3,3’-二（4-苯磺酸）-联苯胺反应,得到一系列相对分子质量较高的磺化聚（酰亚胺-苯并咪唑）。将聚合物制备成薄膜,苯并咪唑单元的引入使得磺化聚酰亚胺质子交换膜中形成了咪唑-磺酸之间的酸碱离子交联结构,提高了膜的力学强度、尺寸稳定性、氧化及水解稳定性。质子电导率测试结果表明,薄膜的质子电导率为0.19 S/cm,高于同等测试条件下Nafion115膜的质子电导率（0.13 S/cm）。     

含亚甲基链段苯并二嗯唑类聚合物的合成、表征及性能

通过溶液缩聚的方法合成了一系列含有不同长度亚甲基链段的聚苯并羟基酰胺(PHACx),然后在200～300 ℃下环化脱水制备了相应的聚多亚甲基苯并二唑(PBOCx),并对其结构进行了表征,探讨了聚合物的溶解性、热性能和光物理性能.研究表明:在主链上引入亚甲基提高了苯并二唑类聚合物在有机溶剂中的溶解性,其中PBOC3 和PBOC4具有较好的溶解性能,但随着亚甲基数量的进一步增加,溶解性有下降趋势.此外,所有的PBOCx聚合物均表现出良好的耐热性,在空气中的热分解温度可达到450 ℃以上.对聚合物光物理性能的初步研究表明:随着柔性链段的增加,电子共轭作用逐渐减弱,紫外吸收发生了蓝移.     

D-A型三苯胺-苯并噁唑聚合物的合成与性能

以4,6-二（叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氨基）（TBS）-1,3-二（叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基）苯（DAR）与4,4''-二酰氯三苯胺缩聚制得前聚体（TPA-PrePBO）,并通过热关环,首次制备出具有高相对分子质量的D-A型光电材料聚（三苯胺基苯并二噁唑）共聚物（TPA-PBO）。前聚体TPA-PrePBO在常规的有机溶剂如N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）和二甲基亚砜（DMSO）中具有优异的溶解性能。TPA-PBO的紫外可见吸收光谱的最大吸收峰位于486 nm处,荧光光谱的最大激发峰位于553 nm处,能带间隙仅有2.20 eV,远小于相似结构的三苯胺-聚酰亚胺（TPA-PI）和聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑（PBO）。同时发现TPA-PBO聚合物具有较高的热稳定性,在氮气气氛中的起始分解温度达到527℃。研究结果表明TPA-PBO有望作为一种易加工、高稳定性、低激发电压的新型有机光电材料。     

含萘环苯并唑类共聚物的合成及物理性能

以萘二酸、对苯二甲酸、4,6-二氨基间苯二酚盐酸盐进行共缩聚,合成一系列含有不同萘环含量的聚（亚苯基苯并二噁唑-co-亚萘基苯并二噁唑）共聚物。利用红外光谱、X-射线衍射、紫外-可见吸收光谱、分子荧光光谱等研究聚合物的形态、热物理性能及紫外荧光性能。结果表明：引入萘环后,聚合物分子链仍然保持有序的晶体结构和高耐热性,聚合物的热分解温度保持在550℃以上,800℃下的残炭率达到70%以上。聚合物在甲基磺酸中的紫外吸收及聚合物薄膜的荧光发射光谱均出现红移现象。     

水性丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂料的研究

合成了含羟基的丙烯酸酯树脂，并与甲苯二异氰酸酯反应制备预聚体Ⅰ，Ⅰ与扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸反应得到含羧基的预聚体Ⅱ，最后用1，4-丁二醇交联，制得水性丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂料，讨论了合成过程中影响乳液稳定性和涂膜性能的因素。测试结果表明：涂膜的强度、光泽、硬度等性能均优于传统的同类树脂。     

主链含有机硅结构单元的光敏聚酰亚胺的研究

提出了一类主链上含有机硅结构单元的光敏聚酰亚胺（ＰＳＰＩ）。其合成过程是首先制备聚酰胺酸预聚体，接着在二环己基碳二酰亚胺存在下，使之转变为聚硅氧酰亚胺，然后引入光敏基团。通过ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、元素分析、ＵＶ、介电分析方法对聚酰亚胺的结构、感光特性、热性能、电性能、粘附性、吸湿性能等进行了表征。对结构与性能之间的关系进行了初步探讨。     

茶碱分子印迹聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜的制备与表征

以聚酰胺酸(PAA)溶液为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了聚酰胺酸纳米纤维膜(PAAM),热处理脱水后获得聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜(PIM)。采用PIM表面预涂覆聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA),以茶碱(THO)为模板分子、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂、氯仿为溶剂,在PIM表面进行了热交联反应,制备了THO分子印迹聚酰亚胺纳米纤维复合膜(PIMIM)。讨论了纺膜条件,并用傅里叶红外光谱与扫描电镜分别表征了PIMIM的结构和形态,比较了THO的洗脱方式。结果表明:较佳的纺膜条件为纺丝电压15.0 kV、接收距离12.0 cm和纺丝液流量0.5 mL/h。以PIM为支撑体,获得了聚酰亚胺纳米纤维间有分子印迹层的PIMIM。PIMIM对THO的静态吸附结合容量达144 μmol/g,对THO与可可碱(TB)的选择性分离因子达1.96。对PIMIM循环再生,索氏提取法优于超声洗脱法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.