Identification of differentially expressed proteins in senescent human embryonic fibroblasts

Normal human fibroblasts undergo a limited number of divisions in culture, a process known as replicative senescence (RS). Although several senescence-specific genes have been identified, analysis at the level of protein expression can provide additional insights into the mechanisms that regulate RS. We have performed a proteomic comparison between young and replicative senescent human embryonic WI-38 fibroblasts and we have identified 13 proteins, which are differentially expressed in senescent cells. Some of the identified proteins are components of the cellular cytoskeleton, while others are implicated in key cellular functions including metabolism and energy production, Ca(2+) signalling, nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking and telomerase activity regulation. In summary, our analysis contributes to the list of senescence-associated proteins by identifying new biomarkers and provides novel information on functional protein networks that are perturbed during replicative senescence of human fibroblast cultures.     

骨质疏松症骨组织cDNA差减文库的构建

目的构建人抑制差减文库,为筛选骨质疏松骨相关基因奠定基础。方法分别从正常骨和骨质疏松症骨组织分离mRNA并反转录成cDNA,酶切后骨质疏松cDNA分成两组,分别与不同的接头连接。经过两轮差减杂交和两次抑制性PCR后得到两者之间差异表达的cDNA挑取克隆进行PCR扩增鉴定。结果成功地构建了骨质疏松相关的的差减cDNA文库,获得的正、反向差减文库分别含652、345个重组子;插入片段的平均大小为526bp。结论该差减cDNA文库的建立为进一步在分子水平上阐明骨质疏松症的分子机制奠定了基础。     

低压缺氧延迟预适应小鼠海马差异表达基因的筛选及鉴定研究

目的：探索低压缺氧延迟预适应小鼠海马差异表达基因。 方法： 将近交系Babl/c小鼠放入减压舱，模拟海拔 7 000 m高度减压2.5 h/d，连续3 d。第3次减压毕36 h后，提取海马总RNA，SMART PCR合成cDNA，经抑制消减杂交，建立消减cDNA文库。随机挑取文库单克隆，用反向Northern杂交，分别对来自于正、反向文库的452个和74个克隆进行了筛选。 结果： 用消减探针筛选时，217个基因片段的杂交信号在延迟预适应海马增加2倍以上，85个基因片段的杂交信号则降低66%以下。用未消减探针筛选时，135个基因片段的杂交信号在延迟预适应海马增加2倍以上，44个基因片段的杂交信号则降低66%以下。对部分基因片段测序显示，小鼠线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚单位1、线粒体NADH脱氢酶亚单位1和6、小鼠DSS1和克隆号为IMAGE:3582855的基因在延迟预适应海马表达增加。克隆号为IMAGE: 3593193的基因、与成年雄性小鼠嗅脑的一个cDNA高度相似的基因及与小鼠bladder RCB-0544 MBT-2 cDNA高度相似的基因在延迟预适应海马表达降低。 结论： 小鼠海马低压缺氧延迟预适应多种基因表达发生改变，它们可能是产生低压缺氧延迟预适应的重要机制之一。     

肝癌组织差异表达基因cDNA序列的筛选与鉴定

目的：筛选并鉴定肝癌组织特异表达基因。方法：通过菌落原位杂交技术筛选用抑制消减杂交法构建肝癌与癌旁肝组织差异表达基因消减cDNA文库，用PCR方法进一步筛选出有插入片段的阳性克隆，将阳性克隆进行DNA测序和同源性比较分析，用Northern印迹方法对新的cDNA序列进行初步鉴定。结果：从消减文库中随机挑取的100个白色克隆中筛选出13个阳性克隆，DNA测序获得11个不同的cDNA序列；同源性比较分析表明，6个cDNA片段与在基因高度同源，5个cDNA片段为新的序列。其长度大于300bp的3个新序列，Norther印迹证实它都来源于肝癌组织。结论：用抑制消减杂交方法构建的肝癌差异表达基因消减cDNA文库富含肝癌特异表达基因，经验证的3个新的cDNA序列可能为肝癌特异的基因序列。     

热适应差异表达基因消减文库的筛选

目的：研究热适应大鼠的肝细胞基因差异表达，探讨热适应的分子机制。 方法： 构建热适应差异表达基因消减文库［1］，扩增并克隆T/A载体形成重组质粒，转化感受态细胞后分离获得目的基因，采用PCR-select differential screening技术筛选差异表达基因，测序后所得序列与GenBank中的已知序列进行比对，确定其可能的功能。 结果： 确认8个上调表达基因，与GenBank中已知序列进行比较，证实其中有3种已知基因，5个新序列表达标签（EST）。 结论： 相关基因表达水平上调可能参与生物体热适应的信号转导通路，而p53可能是热适应分子环路的又一节点。     

大鼠小脑部分表达序列标签的鉴定

目的:为了获取大鼠小脑特异表达的cDNA序列,筛选新的EST基因片段,以便进一步获取有意义的cDNA全基因。方法:以大鼠大脑、脑干mRNA逆转录cDNA作为driver(驱动)cDNA,大鼠小脑mRNA逆转录cDNA作为tester(测试)cDNA,经消减杂交法,消除与大脑及脑干相同的cDNA,并富集低丰度基因,从而获得大鼠小脑特异表达基因片段,以及低表达基因片段,克隆制备成大鼠小脑特异表达cDNA文库。结果:共挑选出32个阳性克隆质粒,测序得到34个不同基因片段的序列。最后用反Northern杂交去除假阳性,筛选出8个有意义的差异表达cDNA基因片段。同时,将测序结果与Genbank进行同源性比较,发现13个新的EST序列,并申请获得基因序列号(AW288461-AW288474)。结论:抑制消减杂交法是一种筛选特异表达基因的有效方法。本结果可为研究脑功能的分子机制提供有益的资料。     

Analysis of immune system gene expression in small rheumatoid arthritis biopsies using a combination of subtractive hybridization and high-density cDNA arrays

Subtractive hybridization of cDNAs generated from synovial RNA which had been isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or normal controls was used in conjunction with high-density array hybridization to identify genes of immunological interest. The method was designed to detect gene expression in small needle biopsy specimens by means of a prior amplification of nanogram amounts of total RNA to full-length cDNA using PCR. The latter was cut with Rsa I, ligated with adapters, hybridized with unmodified driver cDNA, and subjected to suppression subtraction PCR. Differentially expressed products were cloned into E. coli and picked into 384 well plates. Inserts were obtained by PCR across the multiple cloning site, and the products arrayed at high density on nylon filters. The subtracted cDNAs were also labelled by random priming for use as probes for library screening. The libraries chosen were the subtracted one described above and a set of 45,000 ESTs from the I.M. A.G.E consortium. Clones showing positive hybridization were identified by sequence analysis and homology searching. The results showed that the subtracted hybridization approach could identify many gene fragments expressed at different levels, the most abundant being immunoglobulins and HLA-DR. The expression profile was characteristic of macrophage, B cell and plasma cell infiltration with evidence of interferon induction. In addition, a significant number of sequences without matches in the nucleotide databases were obtained, this demonstrates the utility of the method in finding novel gene fragments for further characterisation as potential members of the immune system. Although RA was studied here, the technology is applicable to any disease process even in cases where amounts of tissue may be limited.     

Identification of genes expressed during Xenopus laevis limb regeneration by using subtractive hybridization.

Suppression polymerase chain reaction-based subtractive hybridization was used to identify genes that are expressed during Xenopus laevis hindlimb regeneration. Subtractions were done by using RNAs extracted from the regeneration-competent stage (stage 53) and regeneration-incompetent stage (stage 59) of limb development. Forward and reverse subtractions were done between stage 53 7-day blastema and stage 53 contralateral limb (competent stage), stage 59 7-day pseudoblastema and stage 59 contralateral limb (incompetent stage), and stage 53 7-day blastema and stage 59 7-day pseudoblastema. Several thousand clones were analyzed from the various subtracted libraries, either by random selection and sequencing (1,920) or by screening subtracted cDNA clones (6,150), arrayed on nylon membranes, with tissue-specific probes. Several hundred clones were identified from the array screens whose expression levels were at least twofold higher in experimental tissue vs. control tissue (e.g., blastema vs. limb) and selected for sequencing. In addition, primers were designed to assay several of the randomly selected clones and used to assess the level of expression of these genes during regeneration and normal limb development. Approximately half of the selected clones were differentially expressed, as expected, including several that demonstrate blastema-specific enhancement of expression. Three distinct categories of expression were identified in our screens: (1) clones that are expressed in both regeneration-competent blastemas and -incompetent pseudoblastemas, (2) clones that are expressed at highest levels in regeneration-competent blastemas, and (3) clones that are expressed at highest levels in regeneration-incompetent pseudoblastemas. Characterizing the role of each of these three categories of genes will be important in furthering our understanding of the process of tissue regeneration.     

构建不稳定型心绞痛淋巴细胞差异表达cDNA消减文库

目的:构建不稳定型心绞痛淋巴细胞差异表达cDNA消减文库。方法:将不稳定型心绞痛病人(n=15)和稳定型心绞痛病人(n=15)的淋巴细胞的RNA进行抑制性消减杂交(SSH), 将获得的顺向和逆向消减产物分别与T/A载体连接, 采用1×TSS一步法转化大肠杆菌JM109, 获得消减cDNA文库, 采用蓝白斑筛选和菌落PCR筛选有插入片段的克隆。结果:各组cDNA文库各获得2000个阳性克隆, cDNA片段大部分分布于(200-600)bp之间。结论:本研究构建了不稳定型心绞痛淋巴细胞消减cDNA文库, 此cDNA文库有助于进一步筛选不稳定型心绞痛淋巴细胞中的差异表达基因。     

The pattern of differentially expressed genes in biliary atresia

Biliary atresia is a progressive obliterative cholangiopathy, but the etiology of this disorder remains uncertain. Identifying genes specifically expressed in biliary atresia and analyzing the pattern of expression may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis. Liver tissues were taken from a recipient with biliary atresia and a normal donor during liver transplantation. Total RNA was extracted from each sample and reversely transcribed to cDNA. Then radiolabeled cDNA probe pools were made by random primed DNA labeling method and used for screening of differentially expressed genes by hybridizing with expressed sequence tags (EST) dot blot panel. Northern blot hybridization was done to confirm that these genes are also differentially expressed in other liver tissues. Among 1730 EST clones, 26 cDNA clones were significantly overexpressed in biliary cirrhosis, while 2 clones were significantly decreased in biliary atresia. By Northern blot hybridization, the results of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and IGFBP-2 were well correlated with differential EST screening (DES). This study identified the pattern of differentially expressed genes in the biliary cirrhosis due to biliary atresia using DES technique.     

cDNA代表性差异分析法分离鼻咽癌上皮细胞株HNE1表达差异cDNA序列的初步研究

目的寻找鼻咽癌中差异性表达基因，包括与鼻咽癌发病相关的候选抑瘤基因。方法应用ｃＤＮＡ代表性差异分析法（ＲＤＡ），分离原代培养的正常人鼻咽上皮细胞与鼻咽癌细胞株ＨＮＥ１中差异表达的ｃＤＮＡ序列，Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交被用来分析差异性表达产物的来源，最后，将这些序列克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔｅａｓｙ载体中，并用链终止法测序。结果在第４轮杂交及扩增反应后，获得４条差异性条带。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交及Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证明，这些差异性片段来自作为“检测”扩增子的正常人鼻咽上皮，在鼻咽癌细胞株ＨＮＥ１中不表达或表达降低。序列分析这些差异性片段的克隆，发现一些序列是与已知基因高度同源的基因，包括一些看家基因；另有一些基因则为新基因序列。结论鼻咽癌的发生是一个多基因参与的过程，所获得的差异性片段中，与之同源的一些已知基因具有抑瘤功能。     

The genetic profiling of preferentially expressed genes in murine splenic CD8α+ dendritic cells

In the murine splenocytes, CD8α+ dendritic cells (abbreviated as 8+DC) and CD8α− dendritic cells (abbreviated as 8−DC) are identified with some vague features for each of them. 8+DCs but not 8−DCs cross-prime cytotoxic T cells in vivo. We aim to distinguish the two subtypes of DC based on gene expression profiling. Suppressive subtractive hybridization was undertaken to get differentially expressed genes from such subtracted cDNA library specific to 8+DC. A total of 114 sequences from the subtracted cDNA library specific to 8+DC library were analyzed. Most of them are known proteins, but some of them were novel, either totally novel genes or homologs to known genes, but with novel exon. About 55 probably novel exons were discovered, and 11 exons had longer length than those in gene bank. The clones 12, 44, 79, and 110 have no match with known sequences in gene bank. Then, semi-quantitative PCR was done to compare the expression of the enriched sequences between 8+DC and 8−DC. About 14 genes are differentially expressed in 8+DC. Therefore, SSH is an effective method to clone differentially expressed genes for 8+DC compared to 8−DC.     

应用基因芯片技术对Graves病免疫相关基因的研究

应用基因芯片技术研究Graves病 (GD )和正常成人甲状腺组织免疫相关基因的差异表达。分别用Cy5和Cy3两种不同的荧光染料通过逆转录反应将GD组和对照组甲状腺组织的mRNA分别标记成探针 ,并与载有一组靶基因的基因表达谱芯片进行杂交。通过扫描荧光强度 ,计算机软件分析 ,寻找两组差异表达基因。GD组和正常对照组之间共筛选出 80条差异表达基因 ,其中表达增加的基因有 31条 (2 0倍以上 ) ,表达降低的基因有 4 9条 (0 5倍以下 )。基因表达谱芯片筛选GD与正常成人甲状腺组织差异表达基因具有样品用量少、高速度、高敏感、高通量等特性。通过筛选所得差异基因提示GD的发病涉及细胞因子、受体信号转导等多个方面 ,为进一步阐明GD的发病机制提供新线索。     

Cloning of TPA-inducible early (TIE) genes by differential hybridization using TPA-Nonresponsive variant of mouse 3T3-L1 cells

The tumor promoter 12-O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induces DNA synthesis in quiescent 3T3-L1 cells but not in its variant VT-1 cells. A gt10 cDNA library was constructed using poly(A)⁺ RNA from 3T3-L1 cells that were stimulated by TPA for 20 min. Radioactive cDNA probes were prepared from mRNAs of TPA-treated 3 T3-L1 and VT-1 cells and used for screening of the 3T3-L1 cDNA library by differential hybridization. Nine of 6000 phage plaques hybridized only to the 3T3-L1 cDNA probe. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of five of these clones indicated a high degree of homology with human or mouse type I and type III collagen genes. Three other independent clones showed no homology with any known DNA sequences. These isolated clones of TPA-inducible early (TIE) genes may be useful to study the signal transduction pathway of phorbol esters.     

Isolation of genes from the Batten candidate region using exon amplification

In order to identify genes originating from the Batten disease candidate region, we have used the technique of exon amplification to identify transcribed sequences. This procedure produces trapped exon clones, which can represent single exons or multiple exons spliced together and is an efficient method for obtaining probes for physical mapping and for screening cDNA libraries. The source of DNA for these experiments was a collection of chromosome 16 cosmid contigs isolated by the direct subcloning of region-specific yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) and hybridization of inter-alu PCR products from these YACs to the flow-sorted Los Alamos chromosome 16 cosmid library. We are now using the resulting exon probes to screen retina and brain cDNA libraries for candidate JNCL genes. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.