Hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women in North-East Italy: A seroepidemiological study

Background: Pregnant women can be considered a sentinel population, because they are a relatively unselected population whose prevalence data may be extended to the general population. Methods: A seroepidemiological study was carried out in Padua (North-East Italy) to assess the epidemiological aspects of HCV, HBV and HIV infection in 2059 pregnant women consecutively seen at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology during 1996. Out of them, 1804 (87.2%) were indigenous and 255 (12.8%) immigrants. Sociodemographical and sanitary data were collected for each woman. Results: The overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 1.9% (42.5% with detectable HCV-RNA); HBsAg was found in 1.0%; the prevalence of anti-HIV was 0.3%. Findings are substantially consistent with the epidemiological picture of such infections in the general population of our geographic area. A parenteral risk factor for HCV infection was found in 19 subjects (47.5%): 18 were intravenous drug users and 1 a blood transfusion recipient. HBsAg seroprevalence was higher in immigrants than in autochthonous (3.1% vs. 0.7% respectively, p < 0.01). One of the 6 anti-HIV positive women was intravenous drug user. Logistic regression analysis was carried out for each viral agent to determine which characteristics were independently associated with infection: anti-HCV prevalence resulted independently associated to Italian origin (OR: 3.7), unmarried status (OR: 2.7), unemployed condition (OR: 6.1) and history of previous abortion (OR: 2.8). HBsAg prevalence was independently associated to unemployed condition (OR: 10.8), whereas HIV positivity was significantly related to the unmarried status (OR: 18.5). Conclusion: Our study pinpoints the need of screening all pregnant women for HCV and HIV infection, in addition to the HBsAg screening which is compulsory in Italy.     

Factors associated with a successful expansion of influenza vaccination among pregnant women in Nicaragua

BackgroundPregnant women are at risk of severe influenza disease and are a priority group for influenza vaccination programs. Nicaragua expanded recommendations to include influenza vaccination to all pregnant women in the municipality of Managua in 2013.MethodsWe carried out a survey among 1,807 pregnant women who delivered at public hospitals in the municipality of Managua to evaluate the uptake of influenza vaccination and factors associated with vaccination.ResultsWe observed a high (71%) uptake of influenza vaccination among this population, with no differences observed by age, education or parity of the women. Having four antenatal visits and five or more visits were associated with receipt of influenza vaccination (AORs: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.15, 5.81, and 2.37; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.0, respectively). Also, receipt of influenza vaccination recommendation from a health care provider was positively associated with receipt of influenza vaccination (AOR: 14.22; 95% CI: 10.45, 19.33).ConclusionsThe successful expansion of influenza vaccination among pregnant women in the municipality of Managua may be due to ready access to free medical care and health care providers’ recommendation for vaccination at health care clinics that received influenza vaccine.     

Knowledge,attitudes and practices about influenza vaccination among pregnant women and healthcare providers serving pregnant women in Managua,Nicaragua

BackgroundNicaragua implemented an influenza vaccination program for pregnant women with high-risk obstetric conditions in 2007. In 2014, the recommendation of influenza vaccination expanded to include all pregnant women. Given the expansion in the recommendation of vaccination, we evaluated knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women and their healthcare providers towards influenza vaccination and its recommendation.MethodsWe conducted surveys among pregnant women and their healthcare providers from June to August 2016 at two hospitals and 140 health facilities in Managua. The questions were adapted from the U.S. national CDC influenza survey and related to knowledge, attitudes and practices about influenza vaccination and barriers to vaccination. We analyzed reasons for not receiving vaccination among pregnant women as well as receipt of vaccination recommendation and offer by their healthcare providers.ResultsOf 1,303 pregnant women enrolled, 42% (5 4 5) reported receiving influenza vaccination in the 2016 season. Of those who reported not receiving vaccination, 46% indicated barriers to vaccination. Pregnant women who were vaccinated were more likely to be aware of the recommendation for vaccination and the risks of influenza illness during pregnancy and to perceive the vaccine as safe and effective, compared to unvaccinated pregnant women (p-values < 0.001). Of the 619 health workers enrolled, over 89% recalled recommending influenza vaccination to all pregnant women, regardless of obstetric risk. Of the 1,223 women who had a prenatal visit between the start date of the influenza vaccination and the time of interview, 44% recalled receiving a recommendation for influenza vaccination and 43% were offered vaccination. Vaccination rates were higher for those receiving a recommendation and offer of vaccination compared with those who received neither (95% vs 5%, p-value < 0.001).ConclusionPregnant women in Managua had positive perceptions of influenza vaccine and were receptive to receiving influenza vaccination, especially after the offer and recommendation by their healthcare providers.     

深圳市2011-2014年孕妇乙型肝炎病毒感染状况分析

目的 了解2011-2014年深圳市孕妇乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus,HBV）感染状况,为预防和控制乙型肝炎（简称乙肝）母婴传播提供科学依据。方法 对到助产机构初次进行产前检查的孕妇免费检测乙肝两对半,并由助产机构责任医生将孕妇的基本信息及检测结果录入自主研发的信息管理系统,通过SPSS 19.0进行统计分析。结果 深圳市孕妇乙肝表面抗原（hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg）阳性率、乙肝表面抗体（antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen,抗-HBs）阳性率、乙肝病毒e抗原（hepatitis B e antigen,HBeAg）阳性率、乙肝病毒e抗体（antibody to hepatitis B e antigen,抗-HBe）阳性率及乙肝病毒c抗体（antibody to hepatitis B core antigen,抗-HBc）阳性率分别为8.40%、47.84%、3.11%、12.28%、21.24%。不同年份、户籍类型、年龄、文化程度和职业的孕妇HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe和抗-HBc这五项指标阳性率之间的差异均有统计学意义（均有P<0.001）。结论 深圳市孕妇HBsAg阳性率仍高于全国水平,半数以上孕妇没有检测到抗-HBs,流动人口孕妇HBV感染状况较常住人口严重。加强深圳市孕妇的免疫接种和查漏补种,有助于控制乙肝母婴传播。     

云南省孕产妇乙型肝炎病毒感染现状调查

目的 了解云南省住院分娩孕产妇HBV感染状况.方法 对云南省16个州市129个县范围内2011年l-6月孕产妇进行HBV血清学5项指标筛查,阳性者采集静脉血3 mL进行HBV DNA定量检测,同时进行问卷调查采集孕产妇年龄、居住地及文化程度等信息,比较不同年龄组、居住地、文化程度及感染模式孕产妇HBV DNA水平的差异.结果 调查共筛查235 032人,HBV感染率为2.28％(5 364例),获得合格血液样本4 308份,样本采集率为80.31％;15～34岁占91.71％(3 951人),农村居民占80.52％(3 469人),高中(中专)及以下学历占93.03％(4 008人).4 308份血液样本共检测出18种感染模式,其中模式1(HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc项阳性)和模式2(HBsAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc项阳性)分别占38.74％(1 669例)和45.57％(1 963例);模式4(HBsAg、抗-HBc项阳性)和模式9(HBsAg、HBeAg项阳性)分别占10.17％(438例)和2.16％(93例).不同年龄组孕产妇HBV感染模式1、模式2、模式4和模式9构成比的差异均有统计学意义(χ2=240.76,P＜0.01;X2=203.27,P＜0.01;χ2-=12.40,P＜0.01;x2=10.18,P＜0.05).15～24岁组以模式1感染为主,占52.19％(918/1 759);25～34岁组35～51岁组均以模式2感染为主,分别占52.24％(1 145/2 192)和64.43％(230/357).农村孕产妇模式1感染率为40.53％(1 406/3 469),高于城镇组;模式2感染率为44.31％(1 537/3 469),低于城镇组(x2=21.38和14.17,P均＜0.01).高中(中专)及以下学历模式1的感染率为39.65％(1 589/4 008),高于大专及以上组(X2=21.81,P＜0.01);模式2和模式4感染率分别为44.74％(1 793/4008)和10.03％(402/4008),均低于大专及以上学历组(X2=16.08,P＜0.01;x2=6.46,P＜0.05).模式1和9感染孕产妇中,HBVDNA＞105 IU/mL者占比较高,分别达到84.84％(1 416/1 669)和89.25％(83/93);模式2和模式4感染的孕产妇HBV DNA＜500 IU/mL者占比高,分别达到81.25％(1 595/1 963)和76.48％(335/438).结论 云南省现阶段孕产妇感染HBV血清学组合模式以模式1、模式2为主,HBV DNA含量以＜500 IU/mL及＞105 IU/mL为主,年龄集中在15～34岁,以农村居民及低文化程度群体为主.     

降钙素原对孕妇宫内感染的诊断价值研究

目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)对孕妇宫内感染的诊断价值,为孕妇宫内感染的早期诊断提供依据。方法选择2007年3月-2012年2月孕妇妊娠期宫内细菌感染82例、病毒感染84例、正常孕妇85名,分别为细菌感染组、病毒感染组与对照组,比较3组孕妇血清白细胞(WBC)计数、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、中性粒细胞(N)水平及PCT检测结果,数据采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行处理。结果细菌感染组孕妇WBC、CRP、IL-6、N均显著高于对照组与病毒组,病毒感染组显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);细菌感染组孕妇PCT阳性率86.6%显著高于病毒感染组的17.9%与对照组的5.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PCT对细菌感染诊断敏感度、准确度、特异度、阳性预测值均高于其他检测项目。结论 PCT对孕妇细菌感染检测具有较高的敏感度与特异度,且速度快,准确度高,可作为孕妇宫内感染的早期诊断指标。     

2760例孕妇和婴幼儿TORCH感染情况分析

目的:了解本地区孕妇及婴幼儿TORCH感染情况,为妇幼保健提供参考依据。方法:ELISA法对2010年1月-2011年4月来我院产前筛查孕妇与婴幼儿血清进行TORCH病原体IgG和IgM检测。结果:显示孕妇的TOX、RUV、CMV、HSV-Ⅰ、HSV-Ⅱ的病原体IgG阳性率分别为1.54%、84.02%、97.38%、86.18%、3.28%;其活动性感染病原体IgM阳性率分别为0.46%、0.79%、3.49%、2.25%、1.12%。婴幼儿TOX、RUV、CMV、HSV-Ⅰ、HSV-Ⅱ病原体IgG阳性率分别为0.56%、59.38%、97.76%、5.32%、1.96%。婴幼儿病原体IgM阳性率为0%、0.28%、6.72%、0.56%、0.84%。结论:CMV是孕妇及婴幼儿感染的主要病原体,进行TORCH检测对预防宫内感染,及时发现高危因素,采取对症治疗措施,对优生优育及提高人口质量具有重大意义。     

少数民族地区孕妇弓形虫感染免疫学检测研究

目的:调查少数民族地区弓形虫感染状况及其对胎儿的影响。方法:用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测孕妇血清弓形虫循环抗原(CAg)、IgM及IgG抗体水平。结果:86例病理妊娠的孕产妇中,3项指标阳性40例,阳性率为46.5%,血清中CAg阳性7例,阳性率为8.13%;IgM阳性12例,阳性率为13.95%;IgG阳性21例,阳性率为24.41%。结论:弓形虫感染对胎儿有较大危害,是引起胎儿流产、死胎及畸形的主要原因之一。少数民族地区不同民族孕产妇弓形虫感染率比较差异无统计学意义,孕产妇弓形虫感染率与猫、犬接触史明显相关。基层地区加大孕妇弓形虫感染检测对民族优生优育有较大帮助。     

乙肝免疫球蛋白在乙肝感染孕妇产前阻断中的作用

目的 对合肥市乙肝感染孕妇母婴阻断结果进行分析,评价现行的产前阻断方式的有效性,为阻断乙肝病毒垂直传播提供依据。方法 利用已经建立的合肥市乙肝感染孕妇监测系统,按照乙肝感染孕妇乙型肝炎病毒-DNA（hepatitis B virus-DNA,HBV-DNA）滴度的风险区和产前是否注射乙肝免疫球蛋白分组,在婴儿一周岁时检测乙肝五项,乙肝表面抗原（hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg）阳性者为阻断失败。同时对注射乙肝免疫球蛋白（hepatitis B immune globulin,HBIg）的乙肝感染孕妇进行注射前和注射后HBV-DNA病毒滴度监测,以研究产前注射乙肝免疫球蛋白对乙肝病毒垂直传播的影响。结果 2009-2013年全市共监测乙肝感染孕妇395例,对照组的阳性率为2.74%,阻断组的阳性率为3.88%。χ²检验显示两组间阳性率差异无统计学意义。注射HBIg的乙肝感染孕妇注射前和注射后HBV-DNA病毒滴度变化差异无统计学意义。结论 乙肝感染孕妇产前注射乙肝免疫球蛋白的效果有待进一步研究。     

孕妇体重指数与产后切口感染的关系

目的:探讨孕妇体重指数(BM I)与产后切口感染的关系。方法:选取单胎初产妇360例作为研究对象,分别按照孕前和产前BM I分组:①孕前BM I≥25者33例为孕前肥胖组,孕前BM I25者327例为孕前正常组;②产前BM I≥28者204例为产前肥胖组,产前BM I28且孕期体重增长不超过15 kg者156例为产前正常组。分别随访产妇腹部或会阴切口愈合情况。结果:孕前肥胖组及产前肥胖组与正常组切口愈合情况比较,甲级、乙级及丙级愈合率均有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:孕前BM I≥25、产前BM≥I28是产后切口感染的危险因素,控制孕前BM I及孕期体重过度增长,可降低产后切口感染率。     

孕妇流感疫苗接种相关研究进展

流感是由流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病, 妊娠期间因生理和免疫功能的变化, 孕妇罹患流感及发生相关并发症的风险较高。接种流感疫苗是预防流感的有效手段。WHO和许多国家均将孕妇列为流感疫苗接种的优先推荐人群, 但目前我国孕妇流感疫苗接种率偏低, 且部分产品使用说明将孕妇列为接种禁忌人群, 推动孕妇流感疫苗接种工作仍存在诸多挑战。本文就近年来国内外流感对孕妇及其胎儿的影响以及孕妇接种流感疫苗研究进展进行综述, 并针对目前孕妇流感疫苗接种的现状, 提出促进孕妇接种流感疫苗的策略并进行探讨, 以期为我国相关工作的开展和政策制定提供参考。     

孕妇显性和隐匿性乙肝感染分子进化特征

目的 探讨孕妇人群显性和隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染及其HBV病毒株S基因的分子进化特征。方法 2014年6月1日-31日,在知情同意下,连续招募安徽省安庆市立医院产科初次住院活胎孕妇156人,收集其人口学特征和血清;对所有血清平行进行乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）酶联免疫吸附法和电化学发光法检测、应用实时PCR定量测定HBV DNA、应用巢式PCR进行HBV S片段扩增、测序及进化分析。结果 156名孕妇中,显性和隐匿性HBV感染率分别为10.3%（16/156）、8.6%（12/140）;成功获得13株HBV S基因序列,其中显性7株,隐匿性6株;所有病毒株均为B基因型;仅1例隐匿性HBV株为ayw1血清型,其余12株均为adw2血清型。结论 孕妇人群携带较高比例的显性和隐匿性HBV。     

妊娠合并乙肝病毒感染的临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并乙肝病毒感染对妊娠生化指标及妊娠结局的影响.方法 回顾性对比分析642例妊娠合并乙肝病毒感染(乙肝组)和642例妊娠无乙肝病毒感染(aY-常妊娠组)的常规生化指标及妊娠结局.结果 (1)乙肝组TP,ALB显著低于正常妊娠组;TB,DB,ALT,AST,GGT,TBA,GCT显著高于正常妊娠组:ALP与正常妊娠组无差别. (2)妊娠合并乙肝病毒感染和正常妊娠母体的并发症分别为:IGT 10.8％,6.2％:GDM 10.3％,4.8％;PIH 5.3％,1.1％;产后出血11.5％,4.0％;蛋白尿17.9％,7.5％;尿WBC阳性25.5％.7-8％;尿RBC阳性21.8,6.9％;血清总胆红素升高5.8％,0.6％;肝酶升高21.8％,2.8％. (3)妊娠合并乙肝病毒感染和正常妊娠新生儿并发症的发生率分别为:早产9.7％,2.7％;黄疸32.1％,8.3％;肺炎5.6％,1.9％:小样儿3.6％,1.2％;窒息4.1％,1.2％.结论 妊娠合并乙肝病毒感染妊娠母体和新生儿各类并发症的发生率明显高于正常妊娠孕妇,临床应加强对妊娠合并乙肝病毒感染的母婴监测,减少并发症的发生,提高母婴健康.     

孕妇感染HBV对胎儿的影响及母乳喂养的研究

:[目的 ]　研究孕妇感染HBV其脐血和初乳的感染率和排毒率。 [方法 ]　应用ELISA筛选出 2 13例HBV感染孕妇 ,并用PCR和ELISA法测脐血和初乳HBVDNA和HBVM。 [结果 ]　感染孕妇HBsAg阳性率45 .0 7% ,脐血和初乳感染率以母亲大三阳组最高 ,小三阳组次之 ,单一HBsAg阳性组最低 ;排毒率顺序相同。HB sAg阴性孕妇其脐血和初乳的感染率、排毒率与母亲血中抗体种类和性质有关。 [结论 ]　脐血和初乳HBV感染与孕妇HBV感染程度有关。育龄前青年女性应作乙肝疫苗的免疫接种 ,以减少孕期HBV的感染。产后母乳喂养的选择 ,根据母亲血中HBVM决定     

Predictors of hepatitis B vaccination in women prisoners in two prisons in England

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B is an important public health issue, especially in the female prison population. The high prevalence in this population is largely accounted for by the high rates of injecting drug use and the fact that these women are more likely to exchange sex for drugs or money and practice unprotected sex. There is a national programme in English prisons to vaccinate everyone against Hepatitis B. This study aimed to investigate whether women who had been in prison before were more likely to have been vaccinated against hepatitis B and whether contact with community services was more likely to predict hepatitis B vaccination. METHODS: A questionnaire survey of new entrants into two women's prisons in England. RESULTS: Four hundred and eighty seven out of 613 women approached completed the questionnaire and gave complete data on hepatitis B vaccination status, giving a response rate of 79.4%. One hundred and thirty three women (27.3%) had received at least three vaccinations against hepatitis B. Previous imprisonment and intravenous drug use were independent predictors of vaccination. Six months or more in prison greatly increased an individual's odds of being immunized [odds ratio 12.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.53-26.10)]. Registration with a general practitioner (GP), contact with drug or alcohol services and exchanging money or goods for sex were not independently associated with vaccination status. CONCLUSION: Prisons play an important role in the delivery of hepatitis B vaccination. However, this should not prevent providers of health services making greater efforts to engage this marginalized group and to ensure that they receive an appropriate level of healthcare in the community.     

简阳市乙型肝炎阳性孕妇生命质量评价及影响因素分析

目的  分析简阳市乙型肝炎（以下简称乙肝）阳性孕妇生命质量及其影响因素。 方法  随机选取2018年1月~4月简阳市妇幼保健院就诊的80名乙肝阳性孕妇作为病例组,选择同期就诊的323名正常孕妇作为对照组,使用简明健康调查量表SF-36进行面对面调查,运用t检验、方差分析、多元线性回归进行统计分析。 结果  病例组生理功能（PF）、生理职能（RP）得分低于对照组,总体健康（GH）得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。分析病例组生命质量的影响因素发现,早孕反应越严重,生命质量评分越低。 结论  简阳市乙肝阳性孕妇生理功能及生理职能较正常孕妇差,应采取综合性措施,提高其生命质量。     

上海市虹口区孕妇弓形虫感染情况调查

[目的]　了解虹口区孕妇弓形虫感染现状及孕妇对弓形虫感染的知晓率,分析卫生习惯与感染率的关系。　[方法]　在2家医院中对来院作产前检查的孕妇以问卷方式进行弓形虫知识知晓率的调查,并采血样用ELISA法检测弓形虫IgM及IgG抗体水平。　[结果]　共调查1 075例孕妇,发现弓形虫血清学阳性者(均为IgG) 35例,总感染率为3. 26%。本地区孕妇感染率为2. 57%,显著低于外来孕妇的感染率( 2=7.86,P<0.01)。有宠物密切接触史的孕妇感染率明显高于无此行为者( 2=9.23,P<0.01);未发现有或无不良饮食习惯人群的感染率有显著性差异;本地区孕妇弓形虫感染者曾发生异常妊娠的比例高于外来孕妇;受调查人群对相关知识知晓率低。　[结论]　应在育龄期妇女中普及有关弓形虫感染的卫生宣教,将弓形虫检测列为孕期常规检测项目,提高人口素质。     

我国孕妇乙肝表面抗原阳性率的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析系统评价我国孕妇2002-2012年乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性率情况。方法系统检索中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和万方数据资源系统及PubMed中2002年1月至2012年1月发表的有关中国孕妇HBsAg阳性率的研究报道,分别用广义倒方差模型及MetaAnalyst3.13软件提供的随机效应模型估计孕妇HBsAg合并阳性率。结果共纳入文献35篇,总样本量224 029例,经广义倒方差模型加权合并后的阳性率为7.91%（95%CI：7.78%～8.03%）,MetaAn-alyst合并后的阳性率7.6%（95%CI：6.5%～8.7%）,因纳入研究结果具有异质性,采用MetaAnalyst提供的随机效应模型获得的结果更为合适,即我国孕妇HBsAg阳性率加权合并值为7.60%,95%置信区间为6.50%～8.70%。结论孕妇HBsAg阳性率的Meta分析结果与全国流行病学调查结果相近,可以为乙肝母婴传播的阻断策略制定提供借鉴。     

加强孕产妇乙型肝炎标志物检测阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播

目的了解孕产妇乙型肝炎标志物现状,为阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播提供科学依据。方法用酶联免疫法对3675名孕产妇进行乙型肝炎标志物检测,并对乙型肝炎标志物模式进行统计分析。结果 3675份检测标本中乙型肝炎标志物全阴性的1438份,占39.13%,乙型肝炎标志物结果有阳性项的2237份,占60.87%;通过对2237份乙型肝炎标志物阳性检测结果统计分析共得出17种模式,其中模式1(抗-HBs+)出现率为43.76%,模式4(HBsAg+、抗-HBc+、抗-HBe+)出现率为9.92%,模式5(HBsAg+、抗-HBc+、HBeAg+)的出现率为6.21%,模式11(HBsAg+、HbeAg+)的出现率为0.67%,模式12(HBsAg+)的出现率为0.31%。结论模式5、11、12的孕产妇是阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播的重点目标。     

Attitudes towards Zika screening and vaccination acceptability among pregnant women in Malaysia

The aim of this study was to examine the willingness of pregnant women to have prenatal screening for the Zika virus (ZIKV). Secondly, the study also assessed the acceptability of a hypothetical Zika vaccination and its association with the health belief model (HBM) constructs. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 4th October to 11th November 2016, among pregnant women who attended antenatal care at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The majority (81.8%) was willing to be tested for ZIKV and 78% felt that their spouse would be willing to be tested for ZIKV. A total of 94% expressed a willingness to receive a Zika vaccination if available. The participants expressed high perceived benefits of a ZIKV vaccination. Although many have a high perception of the severity of ZIKV, the proportion with a strong perception of their susceptibility to ZIKV was low. In the multivariate analysis of all the HBM constructs, cue-to-action, namely physician recommendation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.288; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.093–4.793) and recommendation from friends or relatives (OR = 4.030; 95% CI 1.694–9.587), were significantly associated with a willingness to be vaccinated against ZIKV. The favourable response to a Zika vaccination implies that more research attention has to be given to develop a vaccine against ZIKV. Should the vaccine be available in the future, publicity and healthcare providers would play a vital role in ensuring vaccine uptake among pregnant women.