前后联合入路治疗复杂髋臼骨折(附46例报告)

目的:探讨复杂髋臼骨折的最佳手术入路.方法:回顾性分析46例复杂髋臼骨折的治疗方法及临床结果.结果:38例获得随访,优25例,良8例,可3例,差2例,优良率为86.84%.结论:前后联合入路是治疗复杂髋臼骨折的最佳选择.     

经前后联合入路治疗复杂髋臼骨折28例分析

目的探讨经髂腹股沟联合K-L,入路治疗复杂髋臼骨折的疗效。方法自1999年7月至2007年6月，采用前后联合入路手术治疗复杂髋臼骨折28例，统计平均手术时间和出血量，术后X线表现按Matta标准评估，远期髋关节功能和异位骨化分别按d’Aubigne和Brooker标准评估。结果平均手术时间3．5h，平均失血量为1000mL。术后以Matta复位标准评价，优18例，良7例，中3例。术后随访6个月～3年，平均16个月。髋关节功能按d’Aubigne标准评定，优19例．良7例。中2例。异位骨化按Brooker标准评定，髂腹股沟人路无一例异位骨化，K—L入路发生异位骨化6例，无一例感染。结论前后联合手术入路有利于复杂髋臼骨折的显露和复位，临床效果好，并发症少     

后侧入路治疗髋臼骨折

目的 探讨后侧入路在治疗髋臼骨折中的应用。方法 对16例髋臼骨折行Kocher—Langenbeck入路切开复位、内固定治疗。结果 16例中，随访15例，平均随访3年。按Matta标准，优8例，良3例，可4例。结论 后侧入路有显露好、复位方便、固定牢靠的优点。     

联合手术入路治疗复杂型髋臼骨折

目的总结复杂型髋臼骨折联合手术入路的治疗经验。方法对19例复杂型髋臼骨折行联合手术入路治疗。结果术后以M atta复位标准:优4例,良13例,中2例。经6个月~3年随访,患者均下地行走,按照M atta功能评分:优5例,良11例,中2例,差1例。结论联合手术入路治疗复杂型髋臼骨折可以取得满意疗效。医师的临床经验对于提高复位质量、改善疗效十分重要。     

改良Stoppa入路治疗髋臼骨折

近年来应用改良Stoppa入路治疗髋臼骨折的临床报道逐渐增多。该入路技术能充分显露髋臼内侧壁、四边体、坐骨切迹和骶髂关节,利于该部位骨折复位与固定;较常规手术入路创伤小,可减轻局部组织损伤;易于发现和处理异常的闭孔动脉支（死冠）,减少术中出血,降低常规手术入路并发症,取得了较满意的,临床治疗效果。该文就改良Stoppa入路治疗髋臼骨折研究进展作一综述。     

一次消毒铺巾联合入路治疗高能量复杂髋臼骨折

目的 探讨高能量复杂髋臼骨折的内固定及疗效.方法 用一次消毒铺巾后前联合入路复位固定治疗高能量复杂髋臼骨折38例.结果 38例随访6～54个月,平均25个月.按Matta髋关节功能评分标准:优15例,良11例,可7例,差5例,优良率68.4%.结论 高能量复杂髋臼骨折复位内固定获得满意结果的先决条件,是正确把握手术时机与入路.一次消毒铺巾先后路再前路的手术方法可以满足复杂髋臼骨折的复位固定.     

经前后联合入路治疗双柱型髋臼骨折

目的 探讨经髂腹股沟联合K-L入路治疗双柱型髋臼骨折的手术方法和临床疗效.方法 采用髂腹股沟联合K-L入路治疗双柱型髋臼骨折51例.结果 所有患者获得10个月～7年的随访.对骨折复位质量、远期X线表现、髋关节功能、异位骨化分别评估:解剖复位42例(82.35%),满意复位6例(11.76%),不满意复位3例(5.89%).髋关节功能按D′Aubigne 6分法评定:优良45例(88.24%),可4例(7.84%),差2例(3.92% ).X线片按Epstein标准:优良41例(80.39%),可6例(11.76% ),差4例(7.84%).K-L入路发生Brooker Ⅲ度异位骨化2例,Ⅱ度4例,Ⅰ度3例.结论 联合入路可以改善双柱型髋臼骨折的复位质量,提高疗效.     

后侧手术入路治疗髋臼骨折的临床报告

髋臼骨折往往由高能量损伤所致,治疗不当可引起髋关节功能障碍,严重影响患者生活。2004年11月至2007年12月,对38例髋臼后部骨折的患者采用Kocher-Langenbeck人路行切复内固定治疗,取得良好疗效。     

累及双柱(壁)髋臼骨折手术入路的选择

目的总结使用不同手术入路治疗累及双柱(壁)的髋臼骨折经验。方法治疗累及双柱髋臼骨折38例,先取一侧入路,根据情况决定入路变化。结果平均随访47.6个月。根据改良的Merled Aubigne和Postel评分标准评价临床结果:优17例,良14例,一般4例,差3例。1例出现深部感染,1例发生股骨头坏死,1例发生严重异位骨化。结论对累及双柱(壁)的髋臼骨折,灵活选择手术入路可提高手术效果。     

前后联合入路治疗复杂髋臼骨折

目的探讨前后联合入路治疗复杂髋臼骨折的临床疗效。方法采用髂腹股沟入路、联合K-L入路,切开复位重建钢板固定治疗21例复杂髋臼骨折患者。结果患者均获随访,时间10～36个月。切口均一期愈合,无血管、神经医源性损伤。按Matta复位标准：解剖复位18例,满意复位2例,不满意1例。骨折均愈合,愈合时间3—4．5个月。关节功能按d’Aubigne-Postel评分系统评定：优16例,良3例,可1例,差1例。出现股骨头坏死1例,异位骨化2例。结论前后联合入路、切开复位、重建钢板固定可明显提高复位质量,固定方便可靠,是治疗复杂髋臼骨折的有效方法。     

Operative management of acetabular fractures. A review of 73 fractures

Between June 1994 and December 2000, 80 displaced acetabular fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, where possible by a single surgical approach. We report our results in 72 patients (73 fractures) who completed a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The average age of patients was 39.5 years (range 15-76 years). Thirty-four fractures were classified as simple and the remaining 39 were complex fractures. Twenty-four patients were recorded to have posterior dislocation of the hip joint at the time of initial presentation and at surgery eight patients were noted to have varying degrees of damage to the head of the femur. The average time to surgery was 11.7 days (range 1-35 days); 80% of cases were operated within 2 weeks period. The average follow-up was 45.5 months (range 24-96 months). In 67 fractures (92%), only a single approach was used (Anterior Ilioinguinal 26 cases; Posterior Kocker-Lagenbach 41 cases). Five fractures needed an extensile triradiate approach and only one case required a combined anterior and posterior approach. Congruent reduction was achieved in 89% of cases. Main complications included deep infection in two patients (2.7%) and severe degenerative changes in three patients (4.2%). A total of four patients (5.5%) required a total hip replacement. There were no cases of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Heterotopic ossification grade III was seen in three (4.1%) cases and none were grade IV. At the latest follow-up the average Harris hip score was 85 (range 20-100). We conclude that in the majority of cases internal fixation is possible through a single approach provided patients are referred early to a specialist unit. This results in satisfactory outcome with reduced morbidity and complication rate.     

Ilioinguinal approach for acetabular fractures

Objective  Exposure of the entire anterior column of the acetabulum and of the inner part of the posterior column. Indications  Open reduction and internal fixation of fractures of the anterior wall and anterior column of the acetabulum and of fractures, which involve both columns, on the condition that the posterior column can be reduced indirectly. Contraindications  Fractures of the posterior wall. Fractures of the posterior column. Fractures which involve both columns where the posterior column has to be reduced directly. Fractures requiring a direct access to the acetabulum, e.g., with intraarticular fragments. Surgical Technique  Exposure of the acetabular fracture through three surgical windows. First window situated between the iliopsoas and the iliac crest, second window between the inguinal vessels and the iliopsoas, third window between the spermatic cord and the inguinal vessels. Indirect reduction of the fracture. Orientation through anatomic landmarks and image intensifier. Fixation of fracture with lag screws (iliac crest) and a long curved plate placed on the iliopectineal line. Results  In a 9-year period, 61 patients with acetabular fractures were treated with a stabilization through an ilioinguinal approach. 27 fractures were classified as “simple” and 34 as “combined”. Intraoperative complications related to the approach were four (6.6%) secondary motoric neurologic damages, one thrombosis of the external iliac artery, and a thrombosis of the iliac veins. One fourth of the patients had paresthesias in the area of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Of 48 patients examined after an average of 23 months, 85.4% obtained an excellent or good result using Merle d’Aubigné and Postel score.     

经单一髂腹股沟入路治疗复合髋臼骨折

目的评价经单一髂腹股沟入路治疗某些复合类型髋臼骨折的疗效。方法自1994年6月～2003年10月,通过单一髂腹股沟入路手术治疗46例复合类型髋臼骨折,对患者的功能结果和并发症进行随访。结果有完整随访结果者40例,平均随访40.4个月,40例骨折全部愈合,未发生感染。异位骨化发生率为2.5%(1例)。髋关节功能优良率为82.5%。结论髋臼骨折中,前方伴后半横形骨折、大部分双柱骨折及有些T形骨折可以通过单一髂腹股沟入路完成骨折的复位及内固定,手术中能达到解剖复位或接近解剖复位,术后功能良好。经单一入路完成手术减少了手术创伤,可以及早进行功能锻炼,且术后并发症发生率较低。     

陈旧性髋臼骨折的治疗

目的探讨陈旧性髋臼骨折手术和影响临床结果的相关因素。方法2001年2月～2005年7月，收治陈旧性髋臼骨折37例，其中简单型骨折10例，复合型骨折27例。受伤至手术时间平均44．8d，选择Kocher—Langenbeek入路6例，髂腹沟入路1例，延长髂腹沟人路2例，前后联合入路28例。手术平均耗时226min，术中平均失血l798mL。结果全部患者平均随访18．9个月，采用Matta的复位标准以及改良的D’Aubigne和Postel临床结果评分。解剖复位31例，不满意4例，差2例；临床结果优21例，良9例，一般5例，差2例，优良率为81．1％。股骨头坏死1例，异位骨化11例，坐骨神经一过性麻痹4例。结论除单纯的后壁或／和后柱、前壁与前柱骨折选择单一的入路外，对于陈旧性髋臼骨折原则上采用前后联合入路或延长的髂腹沟人路；骨关节炎的发生与骨折的严重程度有关；股骨头坏死与术前股骨头是否向内或向后移位并无直接关系；临床结果、手术耗时和术中失血不仅与骨折程度和损伤至手术的时间有关，而且与手术医生的经验有关。     

不同髋臼骨折手术入路的选择

目的探讨采用不同手术入路治疗髋臼骨折的临床疗效。方法手术治疗髋臼骨折22例，手术入路采用Kocher—Langenbeck切口8例，Smith—Petersen切口4例，髂腹股沟切口6例，扩大的Smith—Petersen切口2例，前后联合切口2例。结果22例患者随访6～60个月（平均28个月）。根据Maria的复位标准：解剖复位15例，良3例，差4例，复位优良率为81．8％（18／22），根据Merled Aubigne的临床评定标准：解剖复位者疗效优良率为13／15，复位良者2／3，复位差者1／4。结论髋臼骨折的复位质量是决定临床手术疗效的关键，正确选择切口、正确放置钢板和置入螺钉，是提高复位质量的关键。     

不同髋臼横行骨折手术入路的选择

目的探讨改良Judet—Letournel分型系统在不同髋臼横行骨折手术入路选择中的临床意义。方法本组共13例横行骨折患者，其中B1．1型2例，B1．2型4例，B1．3型7例；修正因子a1有4例，a2有2例，aL3有5例，a4有2例。切开复位内固定手术采用髂腹股沟入路的有3例，Koeher—Langenbeek入路有6例，前后联合入路有4例。术后通过Matta’s标准评分评价影像学结果，用改良Merled’Aubigne评分评估临床结果。结果平均32个月随访证实本组患者所有的骨折达到愈合，平均骨折愈合时间17．3周。解剖学复位7例，复位欠佳4例，复位差2例。修正因子a1／a2患者中解剖学复位83．3％，修正因子a3／a4患者为28．6％。临床评分平均15．3，9例（69．2％）满意；4例（30．8％）不满意。7例解剖学复位者临床效果满意。结论髋臼横行骨折手术入路的选择取决于横行骨折的水平及倾斜度、移位程度和旋转程度，以及是否合并后壁骨折。改良Judet—Letournel分类结合了传统髋臼解剖学分类和AO分型在预后评估上的优点，对于髋臼横行骨折手术计划具有重要意义。     

经髂腹股沟入路手术治疗移位髋臼骨折

为减少手术治疗移位髋臼骨折的高异位骨化率，改善髋关节功能，作者以骨盆内髂腹股沟入路有选择地替代骨盆外入路，手术治疗双柱骨折３例、Ｔ形骨折２例、横形骨折４例、前柱骨折２例、前柱合并后半横形骨折１例。结果显示：解剖复位１０例，满意复位２例。经１～５年随访，关节功能８例优（６７％），４例良（３３％）；Ｘ线片表现８例优（６７％），３例良（２５％），１例尚可（８％），单纯髂腹股沟入路者无１例异位骨化。作者认为，骨盆内入路具有术后功能恢复快、异位骨化率低等优点，可用于手术治疗某些累及双柱的髋臼骨折，并可获得理想暴露、复位和固定。     

Outcome of alternative approach to displaced acetabular fractures

IntroductionAnatomical reduction of displaced acetabular fracture is not without its’ limitations and complications. This study is conducted to assess clinical and radiological outcomes as well as complications of treating displaced acetabular fractures with emphasis on anatomical reduction in weight-bearing area, mainly the posterior column, and imperfect reduction of the anterior column is acceptable. However, stability of both columns is mandatory.MethodsIt was a retrospective study carried out in a Level 1 arthroplasty and trauma centre. 23 patients (17 males, 6 females) with average age of 50.1 years (range, 36–68 years) with displaced acetabular fracture treated with combined incisions and plate-cable systems were included. There were 3 elementary and 18 associated fractures according to Letournel classification. Average follow-up was 23.5 months (range, 12–38.7 months). Mean operation time was 160 min (range: 75–320 min). Functional scores were evaluated using Harris Hip Score (HHS) whilst reduction was assessed by Matta criteria. Any displacement of reduction, osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification, and other complications was recorded.Result65.2% (15/23) of the patients obtained excellent HHS and 21.7% (5/23) had good HHS. There were 12 anatomical, 6 imperfect, and 5 poor reductions. No displacement was recorded in final follow-up. Complications documented: three lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injuries, two conversions to total hip arthroplasty, three Brooker stage 1 heterotrophic ossification, one pulmonary embolism and one screw irritation. No incidence of wound breakdown, infection and radiological osteoarthritis was reported.ConclusionsImperfect reduction of the anterior column provided clinical outcomes that are as good as total anatomical reduction. This approach minimizes soft tissue damage and reduces perioperative morbidities.     

改良Stoppa入路在骨盆髋臼骨折治疗中的初步应用

目的 探讨改良Stoppa入路在骨盆髋臼骨折治疗中的应用疗效.方法 2008年3月至2009年12月共收治26例骨盆骨折和9例髓臼骨折患者,男28例,女7例;年龄18～61岁,平均37岁.26例骨盆骨折按Tile分型:B1型2例,B2型4例,B3型7例;C1-1型4例,C1-2型2例,C1-3型4例,C2型3例.9例髋臼骨折按Letournel分型:前柱骨折1例,横形骨折3例,T形骨折2例,前柱伴后半横形骨折1例,双柱骨折2例.26例骨盆骨折中单独使用改良Stoppa入路10例,联合髂窝入路15例,联合后路1例.9例髋臼骨折中单独使用改良Stoppa入路3例,联合Kocher-Langenbeck入路4例,联合髂窝入路及Kocher-Langenbeck入路2例.结果 除1例患者外,其余34例患者的平均手术时间为90 min(65～135min),平均出血量为320 mL(150～1200 mL).术后根据Matta影像学评分,骨盆骨折前后环损伤均复位优;髋臼骨折解剖复位8例,满意复位1例.4例骨盆骨折患者失访,其余22例患者平均随访4个月,钢板断裂及螺钉松动各1例.2例髋臼骨折患者失访,其余7例患者获平均4个月随访,1例屈髋轻度受限,1例BrookerⅡ型异位骨化,无股骨头坏死.29例获随访患者骨折均获愈合,平均愈合时间为2.7个月(2.5～4.0个月).结论 改良Stoppa入路可单独或联合其他入路治疗骨盆髋臼骨折,其具有操作便捷、并发症少的优点.