LC-MS/MS法研究头孢美唑钠中有关物质

建立采用LC-MS/MS法对头孢美唑钠中有关物质进行定性分析。采用ODS色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相线性梯度洗脱;柱后分流,80%流出液经PDA检测,20%流出液电喷雾离子化MS测定。采集有关物质的PDA谱、质谱母离子及子离子谱,进行解析推测有关物质的结构。在所建立的条件下,头孢美唑钠及其有关物质分离良好,检测出8个有关物质,对其结构进行解析。建立的LC-MS/MS法有效地分离分析了头孢美唑钠及其有关物质,为其质量控制和工艺优化提供了技术参考。     

LC-MS/MS法分析复方缬沙坦氨氯地平片中的有关物质

目的采用LC-MS/MS法对复方缬沙坦氨氯地平片中有关物质进行定性分析。方法采用Thermosyncronis C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以20mmol/L的醋酸铵溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采集有关物质的PDA谱、质谱母离子及子离子谱,并进行解析,推测有关物质的结构。结果在所建立的条件下,复方缬沙坦氨氯地平片中有关物质分离良好,检测出11个有关物质。结论本文建立的LC-MS/MS法可有效地分离分析复方缬沙坦氨氯地平片中的有关物质,并为其质量控制和工艺优化提供了技术参考。     

LC-MS／MS 法分析注射用头孢唑林钠中的有关物质

目的：建立对注射用头孢唑林钠中有关物质进行定性分析的 LC-MS/MS 法。方法采用 Phenome-nex ODS（250 mm×4．6 mm,5μm）为色谱柱;10 mmol 醋酸铵水溶液为流动相 A,乙腈为流动相 B 的挥发性流动相线性梯度洗脱。采集有关物质的 PDA 谱、质谱母离子及子离子谱,并进行结构解析,推测有关物质的结构。结果在所建立的条件下,注射用头孢唑林钠中有关物质分离良好,检出11个有关物质峰。结论本文建立的LC-MS/MS 法可有效地分离分析注射用头孢唑啉钠中的有关物质,并为其质量控制和工艺纯化提供技术参考。     

LC-MS法鉴定利伐沙班有关物质

采用LC-MS法对利伐沙班有关物质进行结构鉴定。采用Inert Sustain C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以含0.2%甲酸的乙腈-水为流动相线性梯度洗脱,对利伐沙班及其强制降解产生的有关物质进行分离;电喷雾正离子化高分辨TOF/MS检测,结合MS/MS法和对照品对照鉴定各有关物质的结构。在所建立的条件下,利伐沙班及其有关物质分离良好,检测到15个有关物质,分别为利伐沙班合成起始原料或由起始原料引入的有关物质(3个)、合成副产物(4个)和降解产物(10个)。建立的LC-MS法能有效鉴定利伐沙班有关物质,为其工艺过程控制和质量保障提供参考依据。     

色谱-质谱联用技术研究盐酸西那卡塞的有关物质

采用LC-MS法分离和鉴定盐酸西那卡塞有关物质。采用Hypersil C₁₈(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.4 μm)色谱柱,以0.1%乙酸铵溶液-乙腈(93∶7)为流动相A相,乙腈为流动相B相进行线性梯度洗脱,对盐酸西那卡塞有关物质及强制降解产物进行分离。经过电喷雾正离子化-高分辨TOF/MS检测,同时结合MS/MS光谱和对照品对照,对各有关物质进行分析鉴定。在所建立的液-质联用分析条件下,盐酸西那卡塞及其有关物质得到有效的分离,共检测到10个有关物质,分别为盐酸西那卡塞合成起始原料(1个)、合成中间体(1个)、合成副产物(4个)和降解产物(5个)。建立的LC-MS法能有效鉴定盐酸西那卡塞有关物质,并为其质量控制和工艺优化研究提供参考依据。     

注射用苯磺顺阿曲库铵有关物质的LC-MS初步鉴定

采用高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用技术对注射用苯磺顺阿曲库铵中有关物质进行初步结构鉴定。采用SEPAX GP-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,水-乙腈-甲醇-甲酸(650∶175∶175∶10,1.010 L中含甲酸铵1.3 g)流动相等度洗脱,对注射用苯磺顺阿曲库铵有关物质进行分离;采用LC/TOF-MS测定各有关物质的准确质量,电喷雾离子化LC-MS/MS进行结构解析。共检测出11个有关物质,其中7个的含量在0.1%以上,并初步鉴定了它们的结构,其中5个有关物质在已有药典标准中未明确规定。     

液-质联用技术鉴定安立生坦有关物质

采用液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(LC-TOF/MS)和液相色谱-二级质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)两种液-质联用技术对安立生坦有关物质进行结构鉴定。采用XBridge C₁₈(4.6 mm×150 mm,3.5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水溶液(含0.15%甲酸)为流动相线性梯度洗脱,对安立生坦及其有关物质进行分离;通过电喷雾正离子化TOF/MS检测,并结合MS/MS碎片和对照品对照鉴定各有关物质的结构。在建立的色谱条件下安立生坦及其有关物质均分离良好,共检测到10个有关物质,并通过联用技术和有机反应机制解析确证了它们的结构。液-质联用技术能够有效地鉴定安立生坦有关物质,为其质量控制和工艺优化提供参考依据。     

HPLC法测定盐酸非那嗪奈原料药含量及有关物质

目的建立测定盐酸非那嗪奈原料药的含量及其有关物质的HPLC法,为盐酸非那嗪奈原料药制定质量控制标准.方法采用Waters Spherisorb苯基柱(250mm×4.6mm, 5μm), 0.01mol/L磷酸氢二铵和0.01mol/L五水合氢氧化四甲基铵缓冲液(磷酸调pH至3.0)-甲醇-乙腈(124)为流动相;检测波长为254nm;柱温30℃;流速1.0mL/min.结果主峰能与相邻杂质峰较好分离,盐酸非那嗪奈的浓度在1.0～200μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,r为0.9999.结论该法简便、准确、专属性好,可用于盐酸非那嗪奈原料药的含量及有关物质的测定.     

盐酸苯达莫司汀有关物质结构鉴定

建立HPLC法对盐酸苯达莫司汀的有关物质进行分析,检测出2个有关物质IMP01和IMP02;通过LC-MS/MS法推测出2个有关物质的结构,并合成制备得到2个有关物质单体,根据Q-TOF/MS以及NMR结果综合解析确证了两个有关物质结构,IMP01为4-(1-甲基-5-吗啉-2-苯并咪唑基)丁酸盐酸盐,IMP02为4-{1-甲基-5-[(2-氯乙基)(2-羟乙基)氨基]-2-苯并咪唑基}丁酸盐酸盐。结果显示,在建立的LC-MS条件下,盐酸苯达莫司汀与其有关物质分离良好,通过分析鉴定有关物质结构,为其工艺和质量控制提供了参考依据。     

劳拉西泮片有关物质的色谱-质谱结构鉴定

采用色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定劳拉西泮片中的有关物质。采用InertSustain C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.1%冰醋酸-20 mmol/L乙酸铵缓冲溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,对劳拉西泮片有关物质进行分离,电喷雾正离子化-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱（ESI-Q-TOF/MS）高分辨测定各有关物质母离子及其子离子的准确质量和元素组成,通过光谱解析鉴定了有关物质的结构。在所建立的分析条件下,劳拉西泮及其有关物质分离良好,检测并鉴定出劳拉西泮片及其强制降解试验样品中22个含量大于0.1%的主要有关物质,其中5个为美国药典或欧洲药典规定的已知杂质,而其他均为本研究首次鉴定出的未知有关物质。色谱-质谱联用技术能有效地分离鉴定劳拉西泮片中的有关物质,可为其质量控制提供参考依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.