复方烟酸辛伐他汀双层缓释片的制备及Beagle犬体内药代动力学

以烟酸和辛伐他汀为模型药物制备复方双层缓释片,并评价其体外释放特性。采用双周期双交叉给药方案,LC-MS/MS法同时测定自制制剂和市售制剂中烟酸和辛伐他汀的血药浓度,对6只Beagle犬进行了药代动力学和生物利用度的初步研究。自制制剂和市售制剂给药后烟酸的c_max分别为（6.43±0.80）和（6.38±0.47）μg/mL,t_max分别为（2.80±1.00）和（2.50±1.00）h,AUC分别为（30.16±4.51）和（27.49±4.04） μg·h/mL;辛伐他汀的c_max分别为（38.65±1.71）和（40.54±2.33）ng/mL,t_max均为（1.50±0.40）h,AUC分别为（118.76±11.83）和（115.76±5.46）ng·h/mL。结果表明两种制剂中烟酸和辛伐他汀的AUC,c_max和t_max都等效,说明自制制剂和市售制剂在Beagle犬体内具有生物等效性。     

LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中奈比洛尔浓度及其在中国人体内的药代动力学

本文建立了一种快速测定人血浆中奈比洛尔血药浓度的LC-MS/MS法,并研究其在中国健康人体内的药代动力学行为。以氨氯地平作为内标,采用C₁₈反相柱(150 mm×2.0 mm,4.6 μm),柱温35 ℃。流动相为乙腈-水（含0.05%甲酸）（45∶55）,流速0.2 mL/min;电喷雾离子化（ESI）,正离子扫描,选择性反应监测（SRM）药和内标分别为：奈比洛尔m/z 406.2→151.0;氨氯地平m/z 409.0→238.2。在本文建立的方法下,奈比洛尔在0.025~25 ng/mL呈良好的线性关系,r=0.998 6,最低检测浓度为0.008 ng/mL,低、中、高浓度下的回收率、日内及日间精密度均符合方法学要求。健康受试者口服5 mg奈比洛尔片后的t_1/2,AUC_0-t,c_max,MRT分别为：(14.4±5.5) h,(7.35±2.48)ng?h/mL,(1.05±0.35) ng/mL,(16.5±5.3) h。结果表明：该方法专属性强,适用于奈比洛尔血样的定量分析。     

注射用头孢曲松钠-他唑巴坦钠人体药代动力学

采用交叉试验设计,研究12名健康受试者分别静脉滴注注射用头孢曲松钠-他唑巴坦钠（4∶1,1.0 g）或注射用头孢曲松钠（0.8 g）的药代动力学特征,确定头孢曲松钠-他唑巴坦钠复方用药是否有药代动力学相互作用。采用HPLC-UV法分别测定血浆中头孢曲松和他唑巴坦的浓度,DAS 2.0软件计算药代动力学参数。受试者分别给予复方制剂和单方制剂后,头孢曲松的主要药代动力学参数分别为：c_max（145.3±14.0）和（123.8±17.1）μg/mL,t_max（0.52±0.04）和（0.51±0.09）h,t_1/2（9.02±1.04）和（8.93±0.72）h,MRT_0-τ（9.34±0.50）和（9.58±0.42）h,AUC_0-τ（979±90）和（984±83）μg·h/mL。给予复方制剂后他唑巴坦相应的药代动力学参数则分别为：（10.4±1.8）μg/mL,（0.53±0.04）h,（1.20±1.66）h,（0.94±0.20）h和（8.33±2.23）μg·h/mL。药代动力学参数统计分析表明,头孢曲松与他唑巴坦无明显的药代动力学相互作用。     

杜鹃素在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的 研究杜鹃素在正常大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法 杜鹃素单剂量ig给予大鼠后,采用HPLC法测定给药后不同时间点大鼠血浆中的杜鹃素,通过DAS软件程序模拟计算,得出杜鹃素在大鼠体内相应的药动学参数。结果 杜鹃素在大鼠体内的药动学模型符合二室模型,主要药动学参数为：t_1/2α＝（0.33±0.10）h,t_1/2β＝（15.22±8.98）h,CL/F＝（14.89±3.45）L/(h?kg),C_max＝（1.61±0.14）mg/L,T_max＝（0.25±0.01）h,MRT_(0-t)＝（2.35±0.08）h,AUC_(0-t)＝（3.06±0.16）mg?h/L。结论 本研究建立的HPLC方法专属性强,简便、准确,可用于杜鹃素在大鼠体内的药动学研究;大鼠ig给予杜鹃素后,其在血浆中分布较快,半衰期较短。     

乙酰葛根素在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的 考察乙酰葛根素ig和iv给药后葛根素在大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法 大鼠ig给予400 mg/kg或尾iv给予160 mg/kg乙酰葛根素。采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法检测血浆样品中葛根素。结果 乙酰葛根素在大鼠体内代谢为葛根素,葛根素药动学过程符合二室模型,主要药动学参数：ig给药葛根素AUC_0～∞为（44.76±4.13）mg?h?L^?1,iv给药葛根素AUC为（36.67±5.3）mg?h?L^?1,ig给予乙酰葛根素后大鼠体内葛根素的暴露水平（生物利用度）为48.12%,ig给药的C_max为（12.07±0.15）μg/mL,t_max（1±0.33）h,t_1/2为（2.52±0.21）h。结论 HPLC法可作为乙酰葛根素在大鼠体内药动学的检测手段,ig乙酰葛根素后,葛根素在大鼠体内的暴露水平得到显著提高。     

基于LC-MS/MS 研究异夏佛塔苷在大鼠体内药代动力学及其绝对生物利用度

建立LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中异夏佛塔苷的浓度，研究异夏佛塔苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学特性及其绝对生物利用度。分别灌胃给药1.5、3.0、6.0 mg/kg和静脉注射异夏佛塔苷0.5 mg/kg后，建立LC-MS/MS分析方法测定大鼠血浆中异夏佛塔苷的含量，运用 DAS 3.0软件计算药代动力学参数。异夏佛塔苷在1.0~500.0 ng/mL内线性良好(r=0.997 6)，专属性、精密度和准确度、基质效应和提取回收率以及稳定性均符合生物样本分析要求。药代动力学参数显示:灌胃给药低、中、高3个剂量组，c_max分别为(109.34±22.87)、(259.84±95.35)、(499.26±288.09)ng/mL，AUC_0-t分别为(310.57±46.18)、(552.67±207.14)、(1 075.03±371.19)h·ng/mL，t_1/2分别为(2.36±0.22)、(2.91±0.19)、(3.04±0.86)h，t_max分别为(1.03±0.25)、(1.18±0.17)、(1.5±0.43)h，MRT_0-t分别为(11.33±1.53)、(11.27±1.09)、(8.29±0.76)h；静脉注射后，AUC_0-t为(1 536±421.3)h·ng/mL，t_1/2为(2.57±0.46)h，MRT_0-t为(9.55±2.37)h，绝对生物利用度分别为6.73%，5.99%，5.80%。结果表明，本研究所建立的LC-MS/MS分析方法可应用于异夏佛塔苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学特性研究。     

天冬酰胺酶纳米微球的药代动力学和生物等效性初步研究

目的 研究载天冬酰胺酶（asparaginase, AAS）自组装透明质酸-聚乙二醇（hyaluronic acid-graft-poly ethylene glycol, HA-g-PEG）/羟丙基-β-环糊精（hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, HPCD）纳米微球（self-assembly HA-g-PEG/HPCD hollow nanospheres loaded with AAS, AHHPs）在雄性SD大鼠体内的药代动力学和生物等效性。方法 采用自组装方法制备AHHPs, 考察AHHPs的透射电镜、粒径、Zeta电位、包封率,分别测定大鼠静脉注射给予AHHPs和游离AAS后,不同时间点大鼠血浆样品中AAS的活性。采用DAS 2.1.1软件计算药动学参数,对AHHPs和游离AAS进行生物等效性评价。结果 制得的AHHPs平均粒径为（367.43±2.72） nm,Zeta电位为（-15.70±1.25）mV,平均包封率为(66.03 ± 3.81)%。AHHPs和游离AAS大鼠静脉注射给药后,AHHPs和游离AAS的主要药动学参数：药时曲线下面积AUC_{(0-48 h)}分别为（162.06±4.01） U/mL·h和（46.38±1.98） U/mL·h,AUC_(0-∞)分别为（203.74±12.91） U/mL·h和（51.44 ±3.01） U/mL·h,平均驻留时间MRT_{(0-72 h)}分别为（4.35±0.06） h和（1.76±0.06） h, MRT_(0-∞)分别为（7.53±1.05） h和（2.44±0.29） h,药峰浓度C_max分别为（30.37±0.43） U/mL和（26.06±0.88） U/mL,达峰时间T_max分别为（0.75±0.00） h和（0.08±0.00） h。与游离AAS比较,AHHPs的AUC_{(0-48 h)}、AUC_(0-∞)、MRT_{(0-72 h)} 、MRT_(0-∞)、C_max和T_max分别提高了3.5倍、4.0倍、2.5倍、3.1倍、1.2倍和9.4倍。AUC_{(0-48 h)}、AUC_(0-∞)和C_max的90%置信区间分别为72.6%~74.0%、72.3%~73.7%、94.7%~96.3%。结论 AHHPs延长了AAS在大鼠体内的生物半衰期,提高了AAS在大鼠体内的生物利用度,且AHHPs与游离AAS不具有生物等效性。     

水飞蓟宾过饱和自微乳给药系统在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的 研究水飞蓟宾过饱和自微乳给药系统（S-SMEDDS）在大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法 12只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,每组6只,对照组大鼠ig给予水飞蓟宾自微乳（SMEDDS）533 mg/kg,实验组大鼠ig给予水飞蓟宾-S-SMEDDS 533 mg/kg。采用Accusampler清醒动物自动采血装置于不同时间点采血,HPLC法测定大鼠ig水飞蓟宾- S-SMEDDS后水飞蓟宾的血药浓度,非房室模型的统计矩分析方法计算药动学参数。结果 对照组和实验组的t_max分别为（1.00±0.40）、（1.50±0.84）h,C_max分别为（5.68±0.52）、（16.10±4.06）μg/mL,AUC_0→t分别为（27.30±3.29）、（82.64±12.36）μg?h?mL^?1。结论 将水飞蓟宾制成S-SMEDDS可进一步提高其口服生物利用度。     

注射用苦参素纳米球与普通粉针剂在大鼠体内药动学比较

目的 比较注射用苦参素纳米球（KU-PLGA-NS）与注射用苦参素普通粉针剂（KUI）在大鼠体内的药动学特性。方法 建立HPLC法检测大鼠血浆中苦参素,采用ANOVA法选择房室模型,将所测得的血药浓度-时间数据,采用DAS程序进行分析,根据F值与AIC选择房室模型求算药动学参数。结果 等剂量KU-PLGA-NS和KUI的AUC_0-t分别为（785.57±170.92）、（342.43±54.49）mg·L^?1·min,C_max为（18.51±2.47）、（28.48±5.40）mg/L,t_1/2Ke为（91.69±1.94）、（11.51±2.47）min。结论 KU-PLGA-NS在大鼠体内的药动学特性与KUI比较AUC和C_max增加,t_1/2延长。     

抗高血压候选药物ATPT在比格犬体内的药代动力学

采用LC-MS/MS方法对ATPT在比格犬体内的药代动力学特征进行了研究。结果表明,比格犬单次灌胃给予ATPT混悬液后,ATPT在比格犬体内的药代动力学行为符合二房室模型特征;ATPT在比格犬体内吸收迅速,并且达峰后消除迅速,3个剂量组（7.5,15,30 mg/kg)的t_max和t_1/2分别为0.7～1.0 h和3.5～4.3 h;3个剂量组的AUC_0-∞分别为(5 465.9±1 748.7)、(7 846.2±3 547.4)和(15 490.9±8 292.4) ng·h/mL,AUC_0-∞与剂量间呈良好的线性关系,呈线性动力学过程;经过剂量校正,求得ATPT在比格犬体内的绝对生物利用度分别为39.7%、28.5%和28.1%。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.