急性白血病Ki-67的表达研究

目的检测急性白血病Ki-67的表达,探讨细胞增殖在白血病发生中的作用.方法运用免疫组织化学技术检测Ki-67在25例急性白血病患者骨髓组织切片上的Ki-67表达,以良性血液病患者作为正常对照组.结果 25例急性白血病Ki-67表达水平[(34.18±17.20)%]明显高于对照组[(12.17±6.23)%,P<0.01];急性淋巴细胞性白血病的Ki-67表达[(31.19±14.25)%]与急性非淋巴性白血病[(36.28±11.87)%,P>0.05]无差异;缓解的白血病患者Ki-67水平接近对照组.结论增殖作用增强可能在白血病发生发展中起重要作用,Ki-67可作为细胞增殖的良好标志.     

血管内皮细胞生长因子及其受体KDR、Flt1在急性髓系白血病中的表达及其意义

目的　分析血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)及其受体KDR、Flt1在急性髓系白血病 (AML)中的表达和意义。方法　用RT PCR方法检测VEGF及其受体KDR、Flt1mRNA表达 ,ELISA法检测血浆中VEGF水平。结果　 13个髓系白血病细胞系VEGF、KDR及Flt1mRNA表达阳性率分别为 10 0 %、5 3 8%和 92 .3 %;39例治疗前AML患者有 32例检测了骨髓单个核细胞 (BMMNC)VEGF、KDR及Flt1mRNA的表达 ,其阳性例数分别为 2 1例 ( 6 5 .6 %)、1例 ( 3.1%)和 17例 ( 5 3 .1%) ,3名健康献髓者BMMNC及 2名健康人骨髓CD34 +细胞均不表达VEGF及其受体。 39例治疗前AML患者血浆VEGF水平为 ( 135 .3±87.9)ng/L ,较 15例治疗后获完全缓解 (CR)的AML患者 [( 80 .6± 36 .9)ng/L]及 12名正常对照 [( 80 .6± 33 .1)ng/L]明显升高 (P =0 .0 2 8,0 .0 0 7)。 39例患者中有 35例接受常规化疗 ,2个疗程后未达CR的15例患者血浆VEGF水平为 ( 188.2± 118.6 )ng/L ,明显高于 2个疗程内获CR的 2 0例患者血浆VEGF水平 [( 10 4.2± 30 .9)ng/L](P =0 .0 0 4)。结论　AML白血病细胞不同程度表达VEGF及其受体mRNA ,AML患者血浆VEGF水平升高 ,VEGF水平影响患者化疗的疗效。     

竞争性定量PCR检测恶性血液病造血干细胞移植术后克隆性TCRVγI-Jγ基因重排

目的 :为提高恶性血液病患者微小残留病 (MRD)检测的临床意义。方法 :构建竞争性定量聚合酶链反应 (PCR)检测技术并定量分析 3 1例恶性血液病患者 (包括 12例急性淋巴细胞白血病 ,10例急性非淋巴细胞白血病 ,6例非霍奇金淋巴瘤和 3例慢性粒细胞白血病 )造血干细胞移植术后TCRVγI Jγ基因重排。结果 :建立定量PCR方法的灵敏度为 10 -5水平 ;3 1例恶性血液病造血干细胞移植术后 1个月MRD的水平为 (3 16± 2 74)× 10 -5,移植后 1个月MRD水平显著低于移植前 [(4 2 1± 3 2 7)× 10 -5] (P <0 0 2 5 ) ;2 2例自体造血干细胞移植术后MRD为(3 47± 2 91)× 10 -5水平 ,显著高于 9例异基因造血干细胞移植术后 [(2 63± 2 2 1)× 10 -5] (P <0 0 5 ) ;MRD >40 0×10 -5的 13例病人中 2年内复发率为 5 3 8% (7/13 ) ,而MRD <40 0× 10 -5的 18例病人中仅有 2例 (11 1% )出现复发。MRD >40 0× 10 -5患者 2年内的复发率显著高于MRD <40 0× 10 -5患者 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :所构建竞争性定量PCR技术简便、快速、灵敏 ;定量检测恶性血液病造血干细胞移植术后MRD水平有利于预后预测。     

老年高血压及高血压心脏病血浆神经肽Y和神经降压素的变化

目的 :探讨老年高血压及高血压心脏损害血浆神经肽Y(neuropeptideY ,NPY)和神经降压素 (neurotensin ,NT)的变化及其临床意义。方法 :采用同位素放射免疫分析法 ,对 5 0例老年高血压患者和 30例正常健康老年人进行血浆NPY和NT含量的检测。结果 :老年高血压患者血浆NPY含量 [( 1 5 0 .7± 1 5 .5 )ng/L]明显高于正常对照组 [( 1 0 1 .9±37.9)ng/L],血浆NT含量 [( 4 8.5± 1 9.1 )ng/L]则明显低于对照组 [( 88.4± 2 7.8)ng/L];高血压心脏病患者血浆NPY含量 [( 1 6 5 .7± 2 0 .1 )ng/L]明显高于无心脏损害患者 [( 1 2 0 .7± 2 3.4)ng/L],而NT含量 [( 4 0 .5± 1 6 .4)ng/L]则明显低于无心脏损害患者 [( 5 9.4± 1 7.3)ng/L]。 结论 :老年高血压及心脏损害患者存在血浆NPY水平异常增加和NT含量的降低 ,二者可能协同促进了老年高血压及高血压心脏病的形成。检测血浆NPY和NT的水平在一定程度上可作为评估老年高血压及其靶器官心脏损害受损程度的指标。     

急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗时血浆凝血酶抗凝血酶复合物水平的变化

目的　观察急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者溶栓治疗后凝血系统的变化。方法　对临床确诊的 34例AMI患者和 33名正常对照者 ,采用ELISA法检测血浆凝血酶抗凝血酶复合物 (TAT) ,对其中 6名患者溶栓前、溶栓6h及溶栓 1 2h血浆TAT进行动态观察并与正常对照组进行比较。结果　AMI患者的TAT[(1 3.1 0± 6 .70 )μg/L]较正常对照组 [(6 .96± 3.6 0 ) μg/L]显著升高 (P <0 .0 1 )。 6例患者TAT在溶栓治疗前 [(1 1 .6 0± 5 .1 0 )μg/L]较正常对照组显著升高。溶栓治疗 6h后 ,TAT[(1 5 .1 0± 7.6 0 ) μg/L]较治疗前均有显著升高。溶栓治疗 1 2h后 ,TAT[(1 3.75± 5 .80 ) μg/L]下降接近治疗前水平 ,但仍高于正常人。 结论　AMI患者的凝血酶活力增加 ,溶栓治疗后 ,导致TAT短时间内进一步提高     

脂肪乳在急性胰腺炎治疗中的应用

目的　探讨脂肪乳剂在急性胰腺炎治疗中的意义。方法　将 40例急性胰腺炎患者随机分为两组 ,治疗组 (n =18)及对照组 (n =2 2 )。两组均按常规给予治疗 ,包括使用奥曲肽或乌司他丁、胃酸抑制剂、抗生素、65 4 2、静脉补液、禁食等 ,治疗组每日加用 10 %脂肪乳剂 5 0 0ml,至恢复正常饮食。定期查血淀粉酶、血糖、血钙、肝肾功能。观察两组腹痛缓解及血淀粉酶降至正常及胰腺水肿缓解天数、住院治疗天数及并发症的发生率。结果　治疗组及对照组腹痛缓解天数 [(5 .0± 0 .5 )vs (5 .5± 1.2 ) ]比较 ,差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,血淀粉酶恢复正常天数 [(2 .6±1.45 )vs (3 .2± 1.5 4) ]、胰腺水肿缓解天数 [(6.5 6± 1.98)vs (8.5± 2 .2 3 ) ]、住院天数 [(14.5± 9.88)vs (2 0 .89±9.5 6) ]比较 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,治疗组无并发症发生 ,对照组并发症及病情加重转手术治疗共 5例 ,发生率为 2 2 .7% ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　急性胰腺炎患者应用脂肪乳剂作为综合治疗措施 ,可以缩短病程 ,减少并发症     

流式细胞术检测外周血CD14+细胞的活化程度

目的　利用流式细胞术检测外周血CD14+细胞活化程度。方法　应用流式细胞术分别检测了 2 5份 ( 7份肝素抗凝的正常对照标本、7例肝素抗凝、11例枸橼酸钠抗凝的慢性活动性乙型肝炎标本 )外周血 (PBMC)CD14+细胞的侧向角光散射 (颗粒度 )SSC值、细胞活化相关表面抗原 (CD6 9)表达率。结果　肝素抗凝HBV组CD14+细胞颗粒度值 [( 85 3 1± 2 46 3)道 ]高于肝素抗凝正常对照组CD14+细胞颗粒度值 [( 474 5± 47 9)道 ](P≤ 0 0 5 ) ;肝素抗凝HBV组CD14+细胞颗粒度值 [( 85 3 1±2 46 3)道 ]高于枸橼酸钠抗凝组 [( 5 2 0 1± 10 5 6 )道 ](P≤ 0 0 5 ) ;肝素抗凝HBV组CD6 9在CD14+细胞的表达率 ( 2 2 71± 13 5 7) %明显高于肝素抗凝正常对照组CD6 9在CD14+细胞的表达率 ( 7 18±4 2 7) % (P≤ 0 0 5 ) ;肝素抗凝HBV组CD6 9在CD14+细胞的表达率 ( 2 2 71± 13 5 7) %明显高于枸橼酸钠抗凝HBV组 ( 3 93± 3 94) % (P≤ 0 0 1)。结论　采用流式细胞术检测细胞颗粒度、活化抗原表达率 ,是一种灵敏、快速、客观的评价外周血CD14+细胞活化程度的方法 ;使用不同抗凝剂肝素或枸橼酸钠对外周血CD14+细胞颗粒度、活化抗原表达率有影响 ,肝素抗凝血用来检测CD14+细胞活化程度效果更好。     

白血病细胞内谷胱甘肽硫转移酶的表达与化疗耐药的关系

为了探讨白血病细胞内谷胱甘肽硫转移酶 (GST)的表达与化疗耐药的关系 ,本研究采用 1 氯 2 ,4 二甲基为底物的比色分析法和原位杂交法对 5 6例白血病患者白血病细胞内GST的表达进行检测 ,并结合临床化疗药物敏感度和治疗效果进行临床分析。结果显示 :①同类型白血病患者的白血病细胞内GST表达 ,无显著性差异 ;②初治和复发白血病患者白血病细胞内GST活性分别为 (4.5± 1.0 )U和 (7.9± 1.5 )U ,GSTmRNA表达率分别为33.3%和 6 6 .3% ;③ 5 6例白血病患者在临床完全缓解 (CR ,19例 )、部分缓解 (PR ,2 0例 )和未缓解 (NR ,17例 )组的GST活性分别为 (1.7± 0 .7)U ,(5 .9± 2 .0 )U和 (9.3± 1.7)U ,GSTmRNA表达率分别为 13.3% ,2 9.7%和76 .6 %。结论提示 :白血病细胞内GST异常表达与白血病化疗耐药明显相关 ,高表达GST的患者易复发 ,检测白血病细胞内GST活性可作为白血病治疗评价和预后判断的有用指标     

急性白血病患者血清sICAM-1的水平变化及其意义

目的探讨急性白血病患者血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子 - 1(sICAM 1)的水平变化及其临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验法 (ELLSA)测定 5 0例急性白血病患者的血清sICAM 1含量 ,比较其水平在不同病理状态下的变化。结果初诊治疗前的急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)、急性非淋巴细胞白血病 (ANLL)、不缓解或复发ALL及ANLL患者的血清sICAM 1测定值分别为 (10 5 8± 114) μg/L、(10 0 8± 84) μg/L、(885± 146 ) μg/L、(910± 174) μg/L ,与完全缓解或部分缓解组ALL组 (5 6 7± 15 5 ) μg/L、ANLL的 (493± 76 ) μg/L及正常对照组的 (5 78± 16 8) μg/L相比 ,其差异有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;而处于相同病理状态的ALL与ANLL患者血清sICAM 1水平比较 ,其差异未见显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论血清sICAM 1含量升高与急性白血病的化疗效果及预后不良有关     

N—心钠素在无症状性心力衰竭中的诊断价值

目的 :评价N 心钠素 (N ANP)对无症状性心力衰竭的诊断价值。方法 :通过放射性核素门控心血池显像 ,筛选无症状性心力衰竭患者 3 2例 ,心力衰竭患者 3 2例 ,并选取心功能正常健康人 3 2例作为对照组 ;采用放射免疫法测定三组血浆N ANP水平。结果 :无症状性心力衰竭组血浆N ANP [( 13 82 .2 5± 5 49.5 1)ng/L ]水平显著高于对照组[( 4 2 2 .0 6± 2 5 5 .3 8)ng/L ,P <0 .0 5 ] ,却显著低于心力衰竭组 [( 4 0 2 0 .43± 2 0 90 .95 )ng/L ,P <0 .0 5 ] ;以血浆N ANP >92 3 .0 0ng/L(对照组的 x± 1.96s ) ,诊断无症状心力衰竭 ,敏感度为 75 % ,特异度为 94%。结论 :N ANP可用来诊断无症状性心力衰竭且以N ANP >92 3 .0 0ng/L作为诊断无症状性心力衰竭的指标较为合适。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.