高频喷射呼吸机常频通气的疗效评价

目的：高频喷射呼吸机常频通气的应用，可进一步改善肺内气体交换，本研究评价常频通气对呼吸衰竭动脉血气的影响。方法：３１例无自主呼吸的患者，用高频喷射呼吸机持续、常频、控制呼吸，通气频率１６～２０次／ｍｉｎ，持续通气时间１２～７２ｈ。结果：通气１ｈ后ＰａＯ２（１５．９２±２．５０）ｋＰａ，ＰａＣＯ２（５．９０±０．７６）ｋＰａ；通气２４ｈ后ＰａＯ２（１４．７６±３．２１）ｋＰａ，ＰａＣＯ２（６．１１±０．８４）ｋＰａ。在Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭，常频与高频通气交替应用比单用高频通气辅助呼吸，其提高血氧分压的疗效优越（Ｐ＜０．００１），且可防止高碳酸血症。结论：合理选用常频通气，可进一步提高疗效     

不同频率时高频喷射通气膈神经电位的影响

目的：研究麻醉犬高频喷射通气（１５０次／ｍｉｎ、３００次／ｍｉｎ和６００次／ｍｉｎ，驱动压０．５ｋｇ／ｃｍ＾２）和常频机械通气（１６次／ｍｉｎ，驱动压０．５ｋｇ／ｃｍ＾２）对膈神经动作电位的频率、幅度和持续时间的影响。方法：用电生理方法测定高频喷射通气时膈神经电位的变化。结果：常频机械通气和高频喷射通气（１５０次／ｍｉｎ和３００次／ｍｉｎ）后，膈神经动作电位的幅度无显著改变（Ｐ＞０．０５）。高频喷射通气（６００次／ｍｉｎ）ｌ５ｍｉｎ，膈神经动作电位幅度显著增大（Ｐ＜０．０５）。通气５和１５ｍｉｎ，膈神经动作电位的放电频率显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。停止常频机械通气１５ｍｉｎ，膈神经动作电位的持续时间显著缩短（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：中等频率的高频喷射通气比高频率的高频喷射通气的效果好。     

高频喷射通气时组胺致肺损伤犬动脉血CO2分压的估计

作应用测定５－８次常频呼吸后Ｐｅｔｃｏ２的方法，探讨高频喷射通气（ＨＦＪＶ）时组胺致肺损伤犬Ｐａｃｏ２与Ｐｅｔｃｏ２的关系。结果表明，在通气频率分别为６０及１００次／ｍｉｎ时，Ｐａｃｏ２较Ｐｅｔｃｏ２均显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｐａｃｏ２与Ｐｅｔｃｏ２呈显正相关（ｒ＝０．８０，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示，测定５－８次常频呼吸后的Ｐｅｔｃｏ２不能准确地反映ＨＦＪＶ时组胺致肺损伤犬Ｐａｃｏ２的变化。     

常频喷射通气和高频喷射通气对蒸气吸入伤犬通气效率的比较

采用蒸气吸入性损伤犬模型，比较常频喷射通气（ＮＦＪＶ）和高原喷射通气（ＨＦＪＶ）的通气效率。结果表明：（１）与ＨＦＪＶ比较，ＮＦＪＶ时的气道压峰值显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）与ＨＦＪＶ比较，ＮＦＪＶ时的Ｐ＿ＡＯ＿２显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＰａＣＯ＿２显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（３）与ＨＦＪＶ比较，ＮＦＪＶ时的心输出量（ＣＯ）、氧供量（ＤＯ＿２）和氧耗量（ＶＯ＿２）均显著减少（分别减少１４％、２０％和２４％，Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＰａＯ＿２、ＳａＯ＿２、Ｐ＿（Ａ－ａ）Ｏ＿２、ＰａＯ＿２／Ｆ＿１Ｏ＿２、ＰｖＯ＿２、ＳｖＯ＿２和氧摄取率（ＥＲＯ＿２）均无明显变化。提示，ＮＦＪＶ与ＨＦＪＶ比较，前者导致肺泡通气不足和ＣＯ＿２潴留，且对循环和组织氧合有不良影响。     

BiPAP30在治疗COPD呼吸衰竭急性加重时的应用

对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）慢性呼吸衰竭急性加重，ＰａＣＯ２＞９３ｋＰａ，并出现神志改变的患者１２例（年龄６４９±１０１岁），进行面（鼻）罩压力支持通气治疗。结果：应用较高的压力支持水平（ＩＰＡＰ２６６±２４ｃｍＨ２Ｏ）可使应用原型号（ＢｉＰＡＰ２０）呼吸机效果欠佳的患者通气明显改善。ＰａＣＯ２下降（１１８５±１２ｖｓ８７１５ｋＰａ，Ｐ＜００５），ＰａＯ２升高（７８±１７ｖｓ１６８±２３Ｐ＜００５），呼吸肌疲劳改善，症状减轻，减少建立人工气道的可能性。在ＢｉＰＡＰ高压力水平通气早期，建议用面罩通气，保证气道的通畅性；较长时间应用时尚须注意加强湿化，定期调整参数并注意监测。     

声带显微手术中气管插管常频喷射通气效果观察

作者在声带显微手术中，于静脉复合全麻下应用略细气管导管插管，作常频喷射通气（ＮＦＪＶ）。结果：麻醉前和ＮＦＪＶ后１０ｍｉｎ动脉血气分析，ＰａＣＯ２均属正常范围，前后比较有上升趋势，但无统计学意义。ＰａＯ２增高明显，术中ＢＰ、Ｐ、ＳｐＯ２未发生有意义的改变。提示：气管插管常频喷射通气应用于声带显微手术是安全有效的。     

高频喷射通气时麻醉犬动脉血二氧化碳分压的估计

作用测定５－８次常频呼吸后呼气末二氧化碳分压的方法，探讨了高频喷射通气时麻醉犬动脉脉血二氧化碳分压与Ｐｅｔｃｏ２的关系，结果表明，在通气频率分别为６０，１００及２００次／ｍｉｎ时，Ｐｅｔｃｏ２和Ｐａｃｏ２均无显性差异，Ｐｅｔｃｏ２呈显相关（ｒ＝０．８３，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示，测定５－８次常频呼吸后的Ｐｅｔｃｏ２可较准确地评估ＨＦＪＶ时麻醉犬的Ｐａｃｏ２。     

双相气道正压通气模式与压力支持通气模式治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的疗效比较

目的：比较双相气道正压通气（ＢＩＰＡＰ）与压力支持通气（ＰＳＶ）对于慢阻肺伴（ＣＯ２潴留患者辅助通气的疗效;方法：对２４例ＣＯＰＤ急性发作期伴ＣＯ２潴留病人,应用呼吸机辅助通气,患者均神均清楚,有自主呼吸,分别测定相同气道压力,两种模式的分种通气量（ＶＣ）,呼吸频率（ＲＲ）,动脉血气分析（ＰＨ、ＰａＣＯ２、ＰａＯ２）,心率（ＨＲ）、血压（ＢＰＳ、ＢＰｄ）,结果：ＢＩＰＡＰ通气模式在ＶＥ、ＲＲ、Ｐａ     

高频喷射通气治疗Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭48例临床分析

应用高频喷射通气（单侧鼻孔超声湿化供氧）治疗Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭４８例。结果显示：ＰａＯ２平均有明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１或０．０５）。ＰａＣＯ２对于轻、中度Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５），对于重度Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭有加重趋势。     

BiPAP呼吸机治疗慢性阻塞性肺病并呼衰的疗效观察

用ＢｉＰＡＰ呼吸机治疗了２４例慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者，结果表明：ＢｉＰＡＰ呼吸机治疗可明显提高ＰａＯ＿２和ＳａＯ＿２（Ｐ＜０．０１），降低ＰａＣＯ＿２（Ｐ＜０．０５），心率、呼吸频率减慢，神志障碍者恢复。表明ＢｉＰＡＰ呼吸机是治疗ＣＯＰＤ并Ⅱ型呼衰的一种有效的通气方式。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.