不同骨髓检查在淋巴瘤诊断中的价值

探讨3种骨髓检查方法（骨髓涂片、活检、流式细胞术分析）对淋巴瘤骨髓浸润的诊断及分期价值。方法：对74例患者进行3种方法的骨髓检查,评估不同方法的检出率、对分期的影响以及各亚型中骨髓浸润的风险。结果：骨髓涂片阳性者12例（16.2%）,骨髓活检阳性10例（13.5%）,流式细胞术分析阳性23例（31.1%）,流式细胞术分析的阳性率显著高于涂片和活检检查（P<0.05）;骨髓涂片、活检、流式细胞术分析可互相修正淋巴瘤患者的临床分期;弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤亚型骨髓浸润比例最高;对于无淋巴结、肝脾肿大者,骨髓检查具有明确诊断的作用。结论：骨髓涂片、活检及流式细胞术分析对淋巴瘤有重要的诊断及分期价值,三者互为补充,不能相互替代。     

乳腺恶性淋巴瘤细针吸取细胞学诊断

目的讨论细针吸取细胞学诊断乳腺恶性淋巴瘤病例的细胞形态学特征，鉴别诊断和诊断价值。（方法）对7例患者的临床、病理及细胞学资料进行回顾性分析。（结果）在4918例乳腺肿瘤病例中，发现7例恶性淋巴瘤，占乳腺恶性肿瘤的1．08％（7／647）。7例均为非何杰金淋巴瘤，对照分析其细胞学、组织学及超微结构等形态学表现，证明细胞学结果是可靠的。（结论）细针吸取细胞学诊断乳腺恶性淋巴瘤具有安全、方便和可重复性等优点，诊断时需与良性淋巴组织增生、小细胞未分化癌和具有浆细胞样特征的腺癌鉴别。     

133 例恶性淋巴瘤骨髓细胞学分析

目的：探讨恶性淋巴瘤骨髓浸润的临床特点。方法：回顾性分析133 例经病理确诊的恶性淋巴瘤病例,分析其骨髓浸润情况。结果：133 例恶性淋巴瘤患者中骨髓受累率为21.8%（29/133）;在骨髓受累的病例中,淋巴肉瘤性白血病、骨髓侵犯、淋巴瘤细胞比例未达5% 的病例分别占31.0%（9/29）、55.2%（16/29）和13.8%（4/29）。 在29例骨髓受累病例中,B 细胞淋巴瘤占55.2%（16/29）,T/NK细胞淋巴瘤占41.4%（12/29）,霍奇金病占3.4%（1/29）。 T/NK细胞淋巴瘤的骨髓受累率为37.5%（12/32）,比B 细胞淋巴瘤要高18.2%（16/88）,两组具有统计学差异。结论：恶性淋巴瘤骨髓浸润比例高,不同的病理学类型骨髓受累的风险不一,总体而言T 细胞淋巴瘤的骨髓浸润率更高,而且以淋巴肉瘤性白血病多见,骨髓细胞学检查对恶性淋巴瘤的正确分期、治疗方案的选择和预后判断有重要的意义。     

淋巴瘤侵犯骨髓的诊断和预后

淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯在临床比较常见,依据Ann Arbor分期,一旦发现患者淋巴瘤细胞侵犯骨髓,即可以判断患者为Ⅳ期病变,预后不良,所以淋巴瘤是否累及骨髓与淋巴瘤的临床分期、治疗及预后密切相关,本文就淋巴瘤骨髓浸润的诊断、治疗及预后作一综述.     

骨髓涂片、骨髓活检对弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤临床分期的价值

目的:探讨骨髓涂片、骨髓活检对弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)临床分期的价值.方法:对44例累及骨髓的病例回顾性分析骨髓涂片及骨髓活检切片,分别比较细胞学形态、组织形态、增生程度、纤维组织增生程度、检出率和敏感性.结果:骨髓涂片中可见中到大型的异型细胞骨髓,切片中瘤细胞以灶型最常见.按Manoharm改良法评估,骨髓切片中网状纤维含量有不同程度增多.骨髓涂片与骨髓切片增生程度的比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),切片组增生程度高于涂片组.骨髓涂片与骨髓切片检出率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),切片组检出率高于涂片组.骨髓涂片与骨髓切片敏感性的比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01),切片组敏感性明显高于涂片组.结论:骨髓涂片简单易行,骨髓切片在骨髓组织状况、优势增生细胞等方面有优势,同时开展涂片和切片的检测,提高检出率,可以修正临床分期,如能同时进行流式细胞免疫表型分析,则更能提高检出率.     

骨髓涂片、骨髓活组织检查及流式细胞术在淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯诊断中的比较

目的 比较骨髓涂片、骨髓活组织检查和流式细胞术三种方法对淋巴瘤患者骨髓受累的检测情况,为临床检测骨髓受累提供选择.方法 收集68例恶性淋巴瘤初治患者,观察骨髓涂片、骨髓活组织检查和流式细胞术三种方法检测淋巴瘤患者骨髓受累的阳性率.结果 68例恶性淋巴瘤患者检测骨髓受累时,骨髓涂片、骨髓活组织检查和流式细胞术的阳性率分别为16.2％（11/68）、33.8％（23／68）和10.3 ％（7/68）,骨髓活组织检查阳性率高于涂片和流式细胞术检查,三种方法阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.对三种检测方法进行相关性分析,骨髓涂片与骨髓活组织检查存在相关性（P=0.002）,与流式细胞术没有相关性（P=0.270）.结论 骨髓涂片细胞形态学检查是检测淋巴瘤患者是否有骨髓受累的基础方法,骨髓活组织检查阳性率较高,有明显的优势,但需与骨髓涂片互为补充.     

流式细胞术联合形态学检查对淋巴瘤骨髓累犯的诊断价值

目的 探讨流式细胞术(FCM)联合形态学检查对淋巴瘤骨髓累犯的诊断价值.方法 对52例淋巴瘤患者的骨髓标本行FCM、涂片及活组织病理切片检查,观察骨髓受累率、免疫表型数据和检查前后临床分期(CS)、国际预后指数(IPI)的变化.结果 6例霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)切片法仅发现1例骨髓受累;46例非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)中,骨髓受累FCM检出3l例,涂片法检出5例,切片法检出12例.FCM发现的3l例受累患者中,21例为早期浸润(瘤细胞＜5%);12例为小细胞淋巴瘤(SLL);6例同时表达T、B细胞抗原,1例弥漫大B细胞性淋巴瘤同时表达髓系抗原CD13、CD33;检查后,19例由原分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期升至Ⅳ期,18例进展型NHL的IPI提高.结论FCM联合形态学检查提高了骨髓受累的检出率,并能了解骨髓增生程度,提供免疫表型数据,尤对早期浸润和SLL声重要鉴别价值.准确的骨髓检查提高了患者CS和IPI.     

激光扫描显微镜对恶性淋巴瘤细胞学诊断初步研究

目的为了提高恶性淋巴瘤(ML)细胞学诊断水平.方法采用激光扫描显微镜(LSM)对淋巴结反应性增生(20例)和恶性淋巴瘤(20例)细胞进行观察.结果上述细胞的一般形态要比普通显微镜(CM)下更为显著.在488nm及514nm单色激光激发下,还可见到瘤细胞及其周围RBC有不同程度的自体荧光.正常淋巴细胞及T型淋巴瘤细胞无自体荧光(但其核仁有极弱荧光).B型淋巴瘤细胞有弱荧光.正常淋巴细胞及T,B型淋巴瘤细胞的周围RBC均可见不同强度的自体荧光.其相对强度分别为:B型淋巴瘤细胞8～13,其周围RBC为110～128;T型淋巴瘤周围RBC为123～135;正常淋巴细胞周围RBC为15～36.结论上述特征可为淋巴结良、恶性增生细胞的鉴别诊断提供重要依据.由于LSM比CM对比度高,分辨率高,无需染色,可提高ML细胞学诊断水平.因此,在临床上具有重要的应用价值.     

乳腺恶性淋巴瘤细针吸取细胞学诊断

目的讨论细针吸取细胞学诊断乳腺恶性淋巴瘤病例的细胞形态学特征，鉴别诊断和诊断价值。方法对７例患者的临床、是及细胞学资料进行回顾性分析。结果在４９１８例乳腺肿瘤病例中，发现７例恶性淋巴瘤，占乳腺恶性肿瘤的１．０８％。７例均为非何杰金淋巴瘤，对照分析其细胞学、组织学及超微结构等形态学表现，证明细胞学结果是可靠的。结论细针吸取细胞学诊断乳腺恶性淋巴瘤具有安全、方便和可重复性等优点，诊断时需与良性淋巴组织     

骨髓活检对诊断非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓浸润及分期意义的探讨

目的:探讨骨髓活检切片分析在非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓浸润(NHLBMI)诊断及临床分期方面的价值。方法:对128例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者行骨髓活检术,分析活检切片。结果:骨髓活检切片中非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓浸润的阳性率为35.9%(46例)。经骨髓活检后,16例Ⅰ～Ⅲ期提升为Ⅳ期,骨髓活检前、后Ⅳ期所占比例有明显差异(P<0.01)。结论:骨髓活检切片分析对非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓浸润的诊断及临床分期具有重要意义。     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓受累的诊断技术与预后评估

骨髓受累（bone marrow involvement, BMI）是非霍奇金淋巴瘤不良预后的标志,因其在评估预后和指导治疗中举足轻重的地位,而成为非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）初诊时必备的评估内容。在其检出手段中,骨髓活检（bone marrow biopsy, BMB）具备基石的地位,但随着抽吸物的流式细胞学技术、细胞遗传学技术以及分子生物学技术等技术进步,其诊断意义也在提升,并展现出评估预后的价值。同时,PET-CT作为一种有效的检出方法,也逐渐成为研究热点。本文将综述这些检出方法,同时对BMI新近的预后研究进行回顾,以展望其研究前景。     

Bone Marrow Involvement in Lymphoma: The Importance of Marrow Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Detection of bone marrow involvement is important for staging and treatment decisions in patients with lymphoma. Although routine bone marrow evaluation is based on aspirates and bone marrow biopsies, new diagnostic tools are required to improve diagnostic accuracy. Visual and quantitative assessment of the bone marrow by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is useful for the detection of occult lymphomatous marrow involvement. MRI is also suitable for the evaluation of disease extent in the bone marrow. Furthermore, abnormal images on marrow MRI may be associated with a significantly poorer survival in patients with lymphoma, regardless of histologic findings in the marrow. Evaluation of the bone marrow by MRI is essential to assess disease status in patients with lymphoma.     

高剂量化放疗合并自体骨髓移植治疗晚期难治性恶性淋巴瘤

我们采用高剂量化放疗合并自体骨髓移植治疗５例晚期难治性恶性淋巴瘤，其中何杰金病３例，非何杰金淋巴瘤２例。获得４例完全缓解、１例部分缓解。治疗期间５例病人均来发生与移植有关的致命毒性反应。本研究结果显示高剂量化疗合并自体骨髓移植治疗晚期难治性恶性淋巴瘤，作为诱导治疗后一线方案确能提高临床近期疗效，可使部分病人得以较长期无病生存或治愈。     

流式细胞术(CD45/SSC设门法)检测恶性淋巴瘤骨髓受累的临床意义

目的:探讨流式细胞术(CD45/SSC设门法)检测恶性淋巴瘤骨髓受累的临床价值.方法:采用配对计数资料的实验设计,应用流式细胞仪对恶性淋巴瘤患者的骨髓标本进行检测,同时行骨髓涂片检查.结果:对34例恶性淋巴瘤患者的骨髓同时行上述两种方法检测,流式细胞术阳性率67.65%(23/34),95%可信区间(51.92%,83.37%),涂片法阳性率11.76%(4/34),95%可信区间(0.94%,22.58%).经配对计数资料X2检验,差别有统计学意义.结论:流式细胞术是检测恶性淋巴瘤骨髓受累的有效方法,检出率67.65%,优于传统的涂片法.     

Bone Marrow Transplantation in Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

The low-grade histologic types constitute one quarter of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). Conventional chemotherapy and chemo-radiation therapy have failed to significantly alter the course of this disease, and most patients eventually succumb to lymphoma. Despite the fact that NHLs exhibit a steep dose-response relation to cytotoxic therapy, fewer than 30% of eligible patients undergo bone marrow transplantation. Reasons for fewer patients receiving this course of treatment include: elderly patient population, extensive previous chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, high incidence of bone marrow involvement, and transformation to higher grade NHLs. In recent years, improvements in several areas have enhanced the therapeutic index for bone marrow transplantation. These advances include the use of more effective preparative regimens, recombinant hematopoietic growth factors, extended-spectrum antibiotics, and an increased expertise in blood transfusion techniques and practices. Other, more effective strategies include sophisticated in vitro bone marrow purging approaches and peripheral blood progenitor cell collection. As a result, more patients have been able to receive dose-intensive therapy followed by hematopoietic cellular rescue. Although follow up is short in most series, encouraging results have stimulated some centers to begin transplanting responding patients earlier in their disease course; in more than 200 patients treated in this fashion, long-term disease-free survival has been achieved in nearly 70% of patients, some patients for a period of greater than 6 years. The new purine analogues fludarabine, pentostatin, and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine also have shown promise in both initial and salvage treatment of low-grade NHLs. It remains to be determined whether this group of drugs will be complimentary to the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant approach.     

Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma in Children and Adolescents: Role of Bone Marrow Transplantation

Although PTCL in children, as in adults, has a spectrum of clinical, morphologic, cytogenetic and immunologic features, there are several significant differences in these features between children and adults. Our data show that CD30 expression is much more common in pediatric PTCL than is reported in adult PTCL. Furthermore, the majority of children with CD30-positive PTCL do not have tumors with anaplastic large cell histology. Our data also suggest that the t(2;5) is not a specific marker of anaplastic large cell lymphoma in childhood. The likelihood of cure for children with PTCL is unclear, predominately because of the lack of large numbers of pediatric patients with this less common entity. As with other NHL, we expect that treatment with conventional dose chemotherapy following relapse will be unsuccessful in most cases. Although the data are preliminary, it appears that high dose chemo-radiotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective therapy in these patients. We have been particularly successful with a regimen based on thioTEPA, VP-16 and total body irradiation, but other regimens may also be efficacious. Further studies of this interesting group of tumors are clearly needed.     

Cell Suspensions from Collagenase Digestion of Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsy Specimens—its Use in Lymphoma

Collagenase digestion allows cells to be released into suspension from bone marrow tissue. Discrete abnormal populations of lymphoid cells can be identified by cell morphology and immunological phenotyping techniques. Viable cells are also available for chromosomal analysis. This technique makes cells available for analysis in cases of dry bone marrow taps and has a particular use in the investigation of bone marrow involvement by malignant lymphoma.     

The Use of Myeloablative Therapy with Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation in the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma

Follicular lymphomas are rarely curable by conventional treatment despite temporary responsiveness to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The use of intensive treatment with autologous bone marrow support is being investigated at several centres and this article reviews the results to date. Although the follow-up is short the toxicity of the procedure appears tolerable and the initial results are encouraging. The relevance of residual bone marrow infiltration at the time of harvest and ex-vivo treatment are discussed.     

37例原发骨恶性淋巴瘤的临床特点及预后因素分析

探讨原发骨恶性淋巴瘤（primary bone lymphoma,PBL）的临床特点及其与预后的相关性。方法：回顾性分析1995年6月至2009年5月本院收治的37例PTL患者的临床资料,以Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,用Log-rank检验进行单因素分析,多因素分析采用Cox回归模型以评估独立的预后因素。结果：37例患者的中位发病年龄为61（18～85）岁,首发症状主要表现为骨痛,局部软组织肿胀、肿块形成和病理性骨折。78%患者的病理类型为弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤。经化疗和/或放疗,18例完全缓解（complete response,CR）,13例部分缓解（partial response,PR）,3例稳定（stable disease,SD）,2例进展（progressive disease,PD）。中位随访时间32（7～171）个月,5年和10年总生存率分别为59.5%和43.2%。患者接受4周期以上化疗,B细胞淋巴瘤加用利妥昔单抗者疗效较好。多因素分析显示：Ann Arbor分期、B症状、年龄和结外受侵数是PBL的独立预后因素。结论：PBL应采取综合治疗,同时给予蒽环类药物为主的全身化疗,B细胞淋巴瘤首选利妥昔单抗联合化疗,给予帕米膦酸盐治疗骨病变。Ann Arbor分期、B症状、年龄和结外受侵数为PBL预后的独立影响因素。