抑制素B结合相关因素预测卵巢功能价值研究

目的：通过比较卵巢反应不良和卵巢反应正常患者血清及卵泡液中抑制素B（ INH-B）及相关的因素的差异,探讨抑制素B及相关因素预测卵巢功能的临床价值。方法选择45例接受IVF-ET／ICSI 治疗的不孕患者进行回顾性研究,根据获卵数及HCG日雌二醇水平分为卵巢反应不良组21例和卵巢反应正常组24例。比较2组基础血清卵泡刺激素（ FSH）、黄体生成素（ LH ）、雌二醇（ E2）水平、FSH／LH 比值、年龄、窦卵泡数（ AFC ）、平均卵巢体积（OVVOL）、血清及取卵日卵泡液抑制素B水平的差异,评价这些指标对卵巢反应性的预测价值。结果（1）基础血FSH、年龄、AFC、OVVOL、血清及卵泡液INH-B,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0吵．05）,卵巢反应不良组血清FSH及年龄均高于正常对照组,AFC、OVVOL、血清及卵泡液INH-B水平均低于正常对照组。基础血清LH、E2及FSH／LH比值比较差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）;（2）基础血FSH与FSH／LH比值、年龄呈正相关（ r ＝0．36, P ＜0．05;r ＝0．31, P ＜0．05）,与血清INH-B呈负相关（ r ＝－0．31, P ＜0．05）;血INH-B与卵泡液INH-B呈正相关（ r ＝0．33, P＜0．05）;AFC与OVVOL呈正相关（ r ＝0．37, P ＜0．05）;（3）单变量分析基础血FSH水平是预测卵巢反应性较好的独立指标（OR＝0．64, P ＜0．05）,多变量回归分析年龄与卵泡液INH-B对卵巢反应性的预测差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,年龄的评价作用优于卵泡液INH-B。结论血清及卵泡液中抑制素B水平结合相关因素可以更好的预测卵巢反应性,更准确的评价卵巢功能,对实现个性化用药,提高临床妊娠率提供依据。     

急性冠脉综合征患者血内脂素、妊娠相关血浆蛋白A 与 Gensini 和 Grace 评分的相关性分析

目的：对急性冠脉综合征患者血内脂素、妊娠相关血浆蛋白A（ PAPP-A）与Gensini和Grace评分的相关性进行分析。方法110例急性冠脉综合征患者作为观察组,60例稳定型心绞痛患者作为对照组,测定患者血内脂素和PAPP-A,并分析观察组患者Gensini和Grace积分。结果观察组血内脂素和PAPP-A明显高于对照组患者（P＜0．01）。观察组患者Gensini积分为（36．17±10．35）分,与内脂素有明显正相关关系（r＝0．27,P＜0．05）,与PAPP-A有明显正相关关系（r＝0．49,P＜0．05）;观察组Grace积分为（156．3±34．1）分,与内脂素有明显正相关关系（r＝0．53,P＜0．05）,与PAPP-A有明显正相关关系（r ＝0．72,P＜0.05）。结论急性冠脉综合征患者血内脂素和PAPP-A可以作为患者冠脉狭窄程度和预后的预测指标。     

肥胖伴黑棘皮症儿童血清淀粉样蛋白A与胰岛素抵抗的相关性分析

目的：探讨单纯性肥胖伴黑棘皮症（ AN）儿童血清淀粉样蛋白A（ SAA）水平与胰岛素抵抗（ IR）的相关性。方法测定单纯性肥胖伴AN儿童25例（肥胖伴AN组）、单纯性肥胖儿童22例（单纯性肥胖组）及健康儿童20例（对照组）血清淀粉样蛋白A（ SAA）、体质量指数（ BMI）、空腹血糖（ FPG）、空腹胰岛素（ FINS）水平及口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）后0．5h血糖（0．5h-PG）、0．5h胰岛素（0．5h-INS）水平。以胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）为评价IR的指标,以早期胰岛素分泌指数（ IR-EIS）为评价早期胰岛β细胞分泌功能的指标,分析AN与血清SAA、BMI和HOMA-IR及IR-EIS的关系。结果肥胖伴AN组和单纯性肥胖组BMI、WC均明显高于对照组（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）,而肥胖伴AN组BMI、WC又均高于单纯性肥胖组（ P＜0．05）。肥胖伴AN组和单纯性肥胖组FINS、负荷后0．5h-INS、HO-MA-IR、IR-EIS较对照组均明显升高（P＜0．01）,肥胖伴AN组较对单纯性肥胖组亦均明显升高（P＜0．05）;而3组间FPG比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,肥胖伴AN组0．5h-PG高于对照组（P＜0．05）,而与单纯肥胖组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。肥胖伴AN组和单纯性肥胖组InSAA高于对照组（P＜0．05）,肥胖伴AN组高于单纯性肥胖组（P＜0．05）。 Pearson相关分析显示：InSAA与BMI（r＝0．271,P＝0．003）、FINS（r＝0．222,P＝0．014）、0．5h-INS（r＝0．206,P＝0．020）及IR-EIS（r＝0．245,P＝0．006）呈正相关。结论 AN儿童SAA水平明显升高,可能与肥胖儿童胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素早期分泌缺陷的发生发展有关。     

2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素和胰岛素敏感性的相关性

目的探讨正常人和2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清脂联素（APN）和胰岛素敏感性的相关性。方法正常对照组20例,T2DM58例按体重指数（BMI）又分为正常体重组（16例）、超重组（22例）和肥胖组（20例）。测定正常对照组和T2DM各组患者的胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、APN、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、空腹血糖（FPG）和空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平。结果与正常对照组相比,T2DM超重组和肥胖组的APN显著降低（均P〈0．01）,肥胖组APN较超重组显著降低,超重组APN较正常体重组显著降低（均P〈0．05）;与正常对照组相比,T2DM各组HOMA-IR显著升高（均P〈0．01）。所有研究个体APN与BMI（r=-0．538,P〈0．01）和HOMA-IR（r=-0．459,P〈0．01）呈显著负相关。结论T2DM患者血清APN水平显著降低,并以超重组和肥胖组患者降低更为明显;APN与HOMA-IR和BMI呈显著负相关。     

冠心病患者血清鸢尾素与冠状动脉病变严重程度相关性分析

目的：研究冠心病患者血清鸢尾素（ irisin）水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性,探讨irisin对冠状动脉病变评估的意义。方法选取行冠状动脉造影检查的冠心病患者106例为研究对象,分为冠脉正常组（ n＝34）和冠脉病变组（ n＝72）,根据冠状动脉病变范围进一步分为单支病变组（ n＝30）、双支病变组（ n＝26）、多支病变组（ n＝16）。根据冠脉造影结果,计算Gensini评分。采用ELISA法检测血清irisin水平,分析irisin与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。结果冠脉病变组血清irisin水平显著低于冠状动脉正常组（ P＜0．01）;冠状动脉病变组各亚组之间比较,与单支病变组比较,双支病变组、多支病变组Gensini评分逐渐增高（ P＜0．05或0．01）,且C组显著高于B组（ P＜0．05）;与A组比较,B组、C组血清irisin水平均显著下降（ P＜0．05或0．01）,且多支病变组显著低于双支病变组（ P＜0．01）。相关性分析显示, irisin水平与冠状动脉Gensini评分、血糖水平呈负相关（r＝－0．438,r＝－0．525,均P＜0．05）。 Logistic回归分析显示,血清尿酸、irisin是冠状动脉病变的独立危险因素。结论冠状动脉病变的发生可能与血清irisin水平降低有关,是预测冠心病发生的独立危险因素之一。     

脂联素和原发性高血压患者脉压指数相关性的研究

目的分析血浆脂联素（adiponectin）与原发性高血压（essential hypertension,EH）患者的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、脉压（pulse pressure,PP）、平均动脉压（MAP）和脉压指数（pulse pressure index,PPI）之间的相关性。方法56例新发现且未经过治疗的轻、中度EH患者和54例正常人,记录年龄、性别,测定体重指数（BMI）、空腹血糖（FPG）、血脂谱及血压,放射免疫分析法测定空腹胰岛素（FINS）、血浆脂联素水平。结果EH组血浆脂联素水平较对照组显著降低（P〈0．05）。Pearson相关分析显示：EH组血浆脂联素水平与SBP（P〈0．01）、PP（P〈0．05）、MAP（P〈0．05）和PPI（P〈0．01）呈显著负相关。对照组血浆脂联素水平与SBP、PP、MAP、PPI不具有相关性。结论原发性高血压患者伴有低脂联素血症,异常升高的血压可能是低脂联素血症的原因之一。     

血清脂联素水平与原发性高血压患者肾脏损害的关系

目的探讨血清脂联素水平与原发性高血压（EH）患者。肾脏损害的关系。方法选择我院确诊为EH的门诊及住院患者60例（EH组33,以及体质指数（BMI）、年龄、性别匹配的健康体检者60例（对照组）。用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测其血清脂联素浓度;用放射免疫法（RIA）测定尿微量白蛋白（MA）浓度,计算24h尿白蛋白排泄量（UAE）;进行24h动态血压监测（ABPM）及常规的临床和实验室指标的检测。EH组以UAE值为基础,分为MA（-）／EH亚组和MA（＋）／EH亚组。采用SPSS11．5统计软件进行统计分析。结果EH组脂联素浓度不呈正态分布,取其对数值进行统计学分析。EH组lg（脂联素浓度）为（0．96±0．21）mg／L,对照组为（1．06±0．16）mg／L,组间比较差异有统计学意义（t=2．934,P〈0．01）。EH组UAE〈30mg／24h20例,30—300mg／24h40例,2组lg（脂联素浓度）与UAE呈显著负相关（r=-0．532,P〈0．01）,校正各因素后仍呈显著负相关（偏相关系数r=-0．279,P=0．036）。EH组中动态血压节律杓形34例,非杓形26例,UAE分别为（21．17±11．08）mg／24h和（28．20±12．48）mg／24h,差异有统计学意义（t=2．280,P〈0．05）,2组lg（脂联素浓度）差异无统计学意义。结论EH患者血清脂联素浓度低于正常对照者,低脂联素血症与EH的发生、发展有一定关系。EH患者中,MA伴有血清脂联素浓度的降低。低脂联素血症与EH患者MA的发生密切相关,脂联素可能有保护EH患者肾脏以及血管内皮功能的作用。血压昼夜节律异常促进了MA的发牛。     

E－选择素、心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白和缺血修饰白蛋白在 AECOPD 合并肺栓塞中的意义

目的：观察 E－选择素、心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白（H－FABP）和缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）在 AECOPD 合并肺栓塞（PE）中诊断价值及其对预后的影响。方法选择2012年1月至2015年6月 AECOPD 合并 PE 患者65例,为AECOPD合并 PE 组。根据 COPD 分级分为Ⅱ级25例,Ⅲ级29例和Ⅳ级11例。根据 PE 危险程度分为低危组18例,中危组27例和高危组20例。选择同期就诊的 AECOPD 患者45例为 AECOPD 组。另选择同期行健康体检者30例为健康对照组。检测对照组、AECOPD 和 AECOPD 合并 PE 组的 E－选择素、IMA 和 H－FABP 水平的比较,并观察 COPD合并 PE 患者 E－选择素、IMA 和 H－FABP 与 COPD 分级,PE 严重程度和预后的关系,分析 E－选择素、IMA 和 H－FABP 指标之间的相关性。结果AECOPD 合并 PE 组和 AECOPD 组的 E－选择素、IMA 和 H－FABP 水平明显高于对照组（ P ＜0．01）,而 AECOPD 合并 PE 组的水平最高（ P ＜0．01）。 AECOPD 合并 PE 患者的 E－选择素、IMA 和 H－FABP 水平随着COPD 分级和 PE 危险程度升高而升高（ P ＜0．01）。 AECOPD 合并 PE 患者死亡组的 E－选择素,IMA 和 H－FABP 水平明显高于存活组（ P ＜0．01）。 COPD 合并 PE 患者血清中 E－选择素水平与 IMA（ r ＝0．653, P ＜0．05）和 H－FABP （r ＝0．753, P ＜0．05）水平呈正相关,IMA 和 H－FABP（ r ＝0．575, P ＜0．05）水平呈正相关。结论E－选择素、IMA 和H－FABP 参与了 AECOPD 合并 PE 的发生发展,对于判断 AECOPD 合并 PE 的严重程度和预后具有重要临床价值。     

血管外肺水、肿瘤坏死因子-α、E-选择素、血管抑制因子-2与急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者预后的相关性研究

目的：分析血管外肺水（ EVLW）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（ TNF-α）、E-选择素、血管抑制因子-2与急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ ARDS）的相关性,探讨EVLW、TNF-α、E-选择素、血管抑制因子-2在ARDS病情严重程度及预后判断中的参考价值。方法选择36例ARDS患者进行PiCCO监测,根据PiCCO监测指标血管外肺水指数（ EVLWI）的高低分为两组,EVLWI≥14 mL/kg组和EVLWI＜14 mL/kg组,监测记录患者EVLWI、PVPI、CI、ITBVI等血流动力学指标,观察患者血气分析结果,记录氧合指数、计算APACHEⅡ评分,应用ELISA方法检测两组患者血清TNF-α、E-选择素、血管抑制因子-2水平。结果 EVLWI≥14 mL/kg组患者APACHEⅡ评分为（23．93±4．44）分、28 d病死率为61．1％、ICU住院时间为（19．05±4．0） d,均较 EVLWI ＜14 mL/kg组[APACHEⅡ评分为（18．58±3．66）分、28 d病死率为27．8％、ICU住院时间为（14．35±3．39）d]高（t＝3．941,χ2＝4．050,t＝3．797,均P＜0．01）;同时血清TNF-α为（85．28±18．25）μg/L、E-选择素为（74．07±14．57）μg/L,也较EVLWI＜14 mL/kg组[TNF-α为（63．27±20．28）μg/L、E-选择素为（40．99±16．35）μg/L]高（t＝3．422、5．847,均P＜0．01）;EVLWI≥14 mL/kg组氧合指数为（122．86±25．45）,较EVLWI＜14 mL/kg组的（156．77±37．58）低（t＝-3．170,P＜0．01）。两组中28 d内仍存活的20例患者（存活组）,在入组后经72 h积极治疗后EVLWI明显下降（Z＝-0．392,P＜0．01）,氧合指数较前升高（Z＝-3．845,P＜0．01）,且TNF-α、E-选择素水平均较前下降（t＝7．194、4．025,均P＜0．01）;而死亡组16例患者经72 h积极治疗后EVLWI、TNF-α、E-选择素水平较前无下降,氧合指数较前无改善,差异无统计学意义（均P＞0．05）。 EVLWI 与PVPI、EVLWI 与TNF-α、EVLWI与E-选择素均呈显著正相关（r＝0．605、0．649、0．549,均P＜0．01）?     

替米沙坦和雷米普利对2型糖尿病患者脂联素和血压的影响

本文对87名2型糖尿病患者的基线水平和使用替米沙坦（最终剂量80mg,n=45）或雷米普利（最终剂量10mg,n=42）治疗9周后的血清脂联素水平进行评价。结果显示,患者的脂联素水平与基线水平收缩压（SBP：r＝0．240,P〈0．05）和舒张压（DBP：r＝0．227,P〈0．05）、以及替米沙坦或雷米普利治疗后的SBP（r＝0．228,P〈0．05）和DBP（r=－0．286,P〈0．05）均呈负相关。脂联素水平的改变与SBP（r=－0．357,P〈0．0I）和DBP（r=-0．286,P〈0．01）的改变有关。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.