社区卫生服务中电子病历质量控制体系及其应用效果的研究

目的 探索适用于社区卫生服务工作的电子病历质量控制体系,并通过实际应用验证该体系在提高和规范社区卫生服务电子病历质量方面的效果.方法 以前期社区卫生网络系统为基础,建立社区卫生服务电子病历质量控制体系,对北京市东城区从事社区卫生服务工作的全科医生按质量控制体系进行管理,并比较2006年下半年～2008年上半年电子病历质量的变化.结果 电子病历的优秀率从25.55%提高至32.48%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.677,P=0.001);合格率从86.19%提高至96.62%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=50.050,P=0.000).结论 电子病历质量控制体系的应用可以提高社区卫生服务医疗质量,规范社区诊疗行为.     

电子病历妇产科手术知情同意书缺陷分析与改进措施

目的探讨电子病历知情同意书质量问题,为制定措施提供参考。方法抽查某院2014年第一季度妇产科出院病案中手术相关知情同意书980份,进行质量检查与分析。结果 980份知情同意书中存在缺陷571份,缺陷率58.3%,其中患者授权委托书占21.5%,替代医疗方案占20.7%,拒绝拟行手术风险占7%,麻醉知情同意书占4.4%。此外,电子知情同意书普遍存在无患方签名及意见等记录内容。结论加强医师法制教育,定期举办知情同意书专题讲座与点评,严格三级质量监控与考核,如科室自查、质控人员下科室抽查、院长行政查房时再次强调等,规范填写知情同意书并及时扫描归档,才能提高电子病历知情同意书的书写质量,减少或避免因知情同意书缺陷引起的医疗纠纷。     

提高社区卫生服务中心病历质量措施的探讨

目的通过规范社区卫生服务中心病历书写,提高医疗质量,保障医疗安全。方法成立本社区卫生服务中心病历管理领导工作小组,按照卫生部颁发的《病历书写基本规范》和上海市卫生局对病历书写的相关要求,制定本中心病历书写细则,并从环节入手,实行动态管理。结果门诊病历、住院病历及家庭病床病历得到规范,环节质量、内涵质量均有较大提高,减少了医疗纠纷及医疗事故的发生。结论制定社区卫生服务中心病历书写细则,实施动态管理,有利于提高医疗质量,减少医疗纠纷,保障医疗安全。     

426份知情同意书缺陷分析

目的查找知情同意书存在的缺陷和改进措施,提高病历质量。方法回顾性分析2009年1月-6月的出院病案38 901份中知情同意书的填写情况。结果 38 901份病案中,知情同意书填写缺陷的病案426份,缺陷率1.10%。结论增强法律意识,规范知情同意书的书写,控制病历缺陷的发生,有利于提高病案质量,防止医疗纠纷发生。     

持续质量改进在基层医院输血病历质量管理中的应用

目的 通过输血病历质量改进,完善输血病历书写规范与质控标准,促进临床合理、有效、安全输血.方法 对2011年住院病案中输血相关记录,包括病案首页、输血医嘱、病程记录(含术中输血记录)、护理记录、输血记录单、输血知情同意书、输血前筛查、输血会诊及合理用血的各个环节进行系统检查、分析缺陷原因,制订质量改进计划,运用持续质量改进(CQI)方法指导2012年输血病历书写规范.结果 上述输血相关记录缺陷发生率2012年较2011年明显减少,两者比较有统计学差异(P值＜0.01),输血病历达标率从74.86％提高到92.26％,质量改进达到预期效果.结论 采用持续质量改进方法,能有效提高输血病历书写质量,提高医护人员法律意识,规范医疗行为,保证医疗安全.     

依法依规抓好病历书写质量

病历是推定医疗过错及医疗事故判断的重要书证,病历质量十分重要,病历质量管理应树立依法书写、依法管理的观念。病历书写必须客观、真实、准确;病历的书写者必须符合医疗行政部门的有关规定;病历的书写必须在规定的时间内完成;病历书写的内容必须符合法律法规的规定;重视患者的知情权和知情同意书的签署。     

增强法律法规意识 提高病案书写质量

病案是推定医疗过错及医疗事故判断的重要法律依据,因此病案质量十分重要,病历质量管理应依法书写、依法管理。病历书写必须客观、真实、准确完整;恪守病历书写的资格与权限,符合医疗行政部门的有关规定要求;并在规定的时间内完成;病历书写的内容也必须符合法律法规的规定;重视患者的知情权和知情同意书的签署。     

门诊急诊病历质量分析，提高门急诊诊疗质量

目的：了解门急诊病历书写规范化状况,分析影响书写质量的主要因素,提高医疗文件质量：方法：依据门急诊病历书写质量评价标准,对2008年10月～2009年4月门急诊就诊患者的病历进行随机抽查,寻找病历质量中的不足之处,并提出对策。结果：门诊病历合格率92．17％,急诊病历合格率93．5％．结论：分析门急诊病历质量缺陷。提出对策,有利于提高病历书写质量。     

新农合扣款病历缺陷分析与对策

本文通过对407份新农合扣款病历缺陷分析,发现主要存在新农合目录外用药知情同意告知不足、重复检查、病程记录简单、诊疗不规范等缺陷,并认真分析了产生缺陷的主要原因,采取了强化组织领导,加强培训;规范医疗服务行为,把农合办医疗管理具体措施细化为病案书写要求;严格考核,严把新农合病历质量关等相应整改措施,达到了规范病历书写、有效控制医疗费用、提高医疗质量的目的。     

知情同意书质量分析与改进对策

目的 检查了解手术与有创操作知情同意书签署缺陷,分析原因,寻找对策.方法 随机抽取某院2013年1月-2014年3月手术及有创检查6369份归档病案,根据卫生部颁布的《病历书写基本规范》与总部病案检查评分标准,就知情同意书填写格式、项目、内容签署缺陷进行质控检查并做统计.结果 在手术与有创检查的6369份病案中检出各类知情同意书缺陷病案631份（达9.91％）.631份病案中各类知情同意书均有一项至多项缺陷,其中手术知情同意书缺陷580频次;麻醉知情同意书缺陷236频次;输血知情同意书缺陷173频次;有创治疗检查操作同意书缺陷213频次;其它缺陷167频次.结论 病案中知情同意书规范性、完整性尚存在不足,须采取有效措施加以提高.保障知情同意书作为法律依据的完整性、有效性,是有效规避医疗纠纷的有力措施.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.