Muscle infarction in a young woman with brittle type 1 diabetes

We present the first case of muscle infarction in a 30-year-old woman who had a 5-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus that was not complicated by nephropathy, retinopathy or neuropathy. All common causes of muscle infarction were excluded, particularly microangiopathy and a hypercoagulable state. The differential diagnosis included infection (pyomyositis, necrotic fasciitis), focal inflammatory myositis, vascular events, trauma, tumor and diabetic amyotrophy, all of which were excluded. In spite of good glycaemic control, her diabetes remained brittle; alternating states of transient acute hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia may have been responsible for the infarction. Brittleness resumed after treatment with subcutaneous insulin infusion using a portable pump. No recurrence of muscle infarction was observed during a 18-month follow-up.     

Silent myocardial ischemia in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with coronary artery disease

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for CAD; silent ischemia is reported to be frequent in diabetic populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of silent ischemia in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with assessed CAD. Methods and results: We recruited a total of 618 patients with CAD: 309 were consecutive diabetic patients and 309 were age- and gender-matched nondiabetic patients. Myocardial ischemia was evaluated both during daily life and during exercise testing. Angina pectoris during daily life was more frequent in diabetic than in nondiabetic patients (80% vs. 74%, P<0.05). The anginal pain intensity either during daily life or acute myocardial infarction (MI), the prevalence of a previous MI, the extent of CAD and ergometric parameters were similar in diabetics and nondiabetics. Silent ischemia during exercise was documented in 179 (58%) diabetics and in 197 (64%) nondiabetics (nonsignificant, ns). Both diabetics and nondiabetics with silent exertional myocardial ischemia differed from symptomatic subjects in higher heart rate values (P<0.01), systolic blood pressure (P<0.01), rate–pressure product (P<0.001), work load (P<0.01) and maximum ST-segment depression at peak exercise (P<0.05). Conclusions: The incidence of silent myocardial ischemia during exercise was similar in diabetic and nondiabetic CAD patients. Surprisingly, diabetics showed a higher prevalence of angina pectoris during daily activity than nondiabetics. A significant association between the presence of symptoms during daily life and exercise was observed in both groups. Our results may contribute to the planning of the clinical management of diabetic CAD patients and confirm the individual attitude to pain of CAD patients independent of the presence of diabetes.     

糖尿病对冠心病药物洗脱支架植入患者临床效果的影响

目的：探讨糖尿病对冠心病药物洗脱支架植入患者疗效的影响。方法：入选2009年7月～2012年9月在我院行冠脉药物洗脱支架植入术患者278例,根据患者是否合并有糖尿病分为冠心病并糖尿病组（n=127）和冠心病组（n=151）,术后对患者进行为期两年随访,比较两组患者的疗效。结果：冠脉造影术显示,冠心病并糖尿病组患者冠脉三支病变发生率显著高于冠心病组患者（39．3％比31．1％,P〈0．05）;两年随访后发现,冠心病并糖尿病组患者远期心脏事件发生率显著高于冠心病组患者（37．0％比17．9％,P〈0．05）。结论：糖尿病对药物洗脱支架植入冠心病患者疗效具有显著影响,在临床上对于这类患者要积极进行降糖治疗。     

老年男性冠心病患者无症状心肌缺血的研究

目的：探讨老年男性冠心病患者无症状心肌缺血的发作特点及规律。方法：选择老年男性冠心病（Ⅰ组）、冠心病合并高血压病（Ⅱ组）及冠心病同时合并高血压病、2型糖尿病（Ⅲ组）患者各66例，对其进行动态心电图检查。结果：动态心电图检出老年男性冠心病患者心肌缺血主要为无症状心肌缺血（SMI）；SMI发生率Ⅲ组〉Ⅱ组〉Ⅰ组（P〈0．05），Ⅲ组的SMI总次数与Ⅱ组、Ⅰ组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）；SMI持续时间Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）；三组的发作高峰均在上午。日间SMI发生次数明显多于夜间，夜间SMI发生比例Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05），Ⅲ组昼夜SMI平均持续时间有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：高血压病、2型糖尿病均可增加老年男性冠心病患者SMI的发生，尤其是夜间的发生：动态心电图是老年男性冠心病，特别是合并高血压、2型糖尿病患者SMI的重要检测手段。     

和肽素和白介素在2型糖尿病患者无症状冠心病中的作用

目的探讨和肽素、白介素（IL-2、IL-4、IL-10）与2型糖尿病无症状冠心病患者的关系。方法选择213例冠状动脉（冠脉）连续造影证实至少一支血管狭窄≥70％的2型糖尿病患者，其中无典型心绞痛史61例（为无症状组），稳定性心绞痛或急性冠脉综合征102例（为症状组）。另选择50例单纯糖尿病患者作为对照组。用放射免疫和ELISA方法测定血清和肽素、白介素和可溶性糖基化终末产物受体（esRAGE）浓度。结果与症状组比较，无症状组和肽素增高，IL-10和esRAGE减低，但三组间IL-2和IL4比较无明显差异。进一步分析显示，症状组中急性冠脉综合征患者较稳定性心绞痛IL-2、IL4、IL-10增高（P〈0．05），和肽素减低。随冠脉病变血管支数增加，IL-10增高、esRAGE减低，但和肽素无显著变化。无症状组患者糖尿病病程较长。结论和肽素及IL-10在2型糖尿病患者无症状冠心病发病中具有重要作用。     

血脂康对胆固醇正常的冠心病患者血脂及心肌缺血的影响

目的：观察血脂康对血清胆固醇正常水平的冠心病患者血脂及心肌缺血的影响。方法：65例冠心病患者[空腹血清总胆固醇(TC)为4.71～5.69 mmol/L],随机被分为2组：常规治疗组(33例),予常规治疗；血脂康组 (32例),在常规治疗基础上,加用血脂康胶囊,每晚1.2g。3个月为一疗程,连续用药二个疗程。每疗程开始前1 日与结束次日,进行血脂与动态心电图(DCG)检测。结果：血脂康组3个月后血 TC、LDL-C 水平明显下降(P＜ 0.01),TG 亦下降(P＜0.05)、HDL-C 无变化(P＞0.05)。用药6个月 TC、TG LDL-C、进一步降低(P 均＜ 0.01),HDL-C 亦上升(P＜0.05)。常规治疗组上述血脂参数治疗前、后差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。用药3、6个月时,治疗组血脂改善均较常规治疗组显著(P＜0.05～＜0.01)。用药3个月时 DCG 显示,两组的症状性与无症状 ST 段压低次数及其持续时间均减少(P 均＜0.05),但两组间无差异(P＞0.05)。用药6个月示血脂康组症状性与无症状的 ST 段压低次数及其持续时间较3个月时进一步减少(P＜0.01),与常规治疗组比较差异亦有显著性(P＜ 0.05)。治疗过程中发生心血管事件：常规治疗组有2例；而血脂康组无1例发生心血管事件,且未见血脂康严重不良反应。结论：血脂康有调脂与改善心肌缺血的作用,有益于胆固醇正常的冠心病患者的治疗。     

Angiographic characteristics of the coronary artery in patients with type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate the adverse effect of type 2 diabetes on coronary artery anatomy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The coronary angiograms of 1564 consecutive patients were analyzed. The coronary lesions of patients with and without type 2 diabetes were compared.

RESULTS:

Seventy-four diabetic and 824 nondiabetic patients were found to have coronary artery disease. Diabetic patients had more multivessel (48.7% versus 34.7%, P<0.01), multilesion (64.9% versus 46.1%, P<0.05), extensive (51.4% versus 7.8%, P<0.01) and small vessel disease (95.2% versus 39.8%, P<0.01) than nondiabetic patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

Type 2 diabetes is a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease. These findings may provide useful information for the future development of therapeutic strategies.     

The extent of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients with myocardial infarction: an ECG study

In 91 non-diabetics (age 63 +/- 12, mean +/- SD, years range 31-94 years) and 85 patients with known diabetes or clearly abnormal levels of HbA1c (age 66 +/- 10 years, range 36-87 years) electrocardiograms were analysed sequentially after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). There was no significant difference in infarct site between the two groups. Generalized ischaemic change without ST elevation was seen in 33% of diabetics and 22% of non-diabetics (p greater than 0.1). In patients with transmural AMI, cardiogenic shock (CGS) was significantly commoner in diabetics (relative risk 3.1, CL 1.2-8.1) but there was no difference in the frequency of reciprocal change between the two groups. In both diabetic and non-diabetic patients the development of cardiogenic shock was more frequently associated with the presence of reciprocal change, the difference reaching significance in the diabetic group (chi 2 = 4.4, p less than 0.05). Thus cardiogenic shock in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients with AMI may be associated with the presence of extensive coronary artery disease, but differences in the prevalence of extensive disease do not explain the predisposition of diabetic patients to CGS.     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者临床及血运重建特点分析

目的 分析冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的临床和血运重建特点.方法 以2011年9月至2012年4月于天津市胸科医院心内科住院,并行冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病的215例患者作为观察对象,分为2型糖尿病组77例和非糖尿病组138例,分析临床和冠状动脉血运重建特点.结果 与非糖尿病组比较:(1)2型糖尿病组合并高血压的患者比例较高(87.0％比74.6％,P＜0.05),三酰甘油水平较高[(2.03 ± 1.22) mmol/L比(1.65±0.78) mmol/L,P＜0.01],左心室射血分数较低(58.03％±9.80％比61.07％±7.35％,P＜0.05);(2)2型糖尿病组单支病变发生率低(16.9％比43.5％,P＜0.01),多支病变发生率高(39.0％比25.4％,P＜0.05);(3)两组患者血运重建策略差异有统计学意义,2型糖尿病组患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术者比例较高(17.2％比7.3％,P＜0.05),选择行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗者平均置入支架数目较多[(2.06±0.95)枚比(1.66±0.83)枚,P＜0.01].结论 冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者高血压及血脂异常的发生率高,冠状动脉病变严重且弥漫,血运重建方式更复杂.     

A head-to-head comparison of the coronary calcium score by computed tomography with myocardial perfusion imaging in predicting coronary artery disease

Objective The coronary artery calcium (CAC) score has been shown to predict future cardiac events. However the extent to which the added value of a CAC score to the diagnostic performance of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between CAC score and SPECT in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Methods A retrospective review of the CAC scores by use of the Agatston calcium scoring method and cardiac SPECT diagnostic reports was conducted in 48 patients, who underwent both coronary computed tomography (CT) and SPECT examinations due to suspected coronary artery disease. A Pearson correlation test was used to determine the relation between CAC scores and MPI-SPECT assessments with regard to the evaluation of the extent of disease. Results Forty-seven percent of the patients had CAC scores more than 100, while 42% of these patients demonstrated abnormal, or probably abnormal, MPI-SPECT. Of the 23% of patients with a zero CAC score, only 7% had normal MPI-SPECT findings. No significant correlation was found between the CAC scores and MPI- SPECT assessments (r value ranged from 0.012 to 0.080), regardless of the degree of coronary calcification. Conclusions There is a lack of correlation between the CAC scores and the MPI-SPECT findings in the assessment of the extent of coronary artery disease. CAC scores and MPI-SPECT should be considered complementary approaches in the evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease.     

动态心电图评价男性冠心病无症状心肌缺血的发作特点

目的：探讨老年男性冠心病患者无症状心肌缺血（SMI）的动态心电图特点。方法：对198例老年男性冠心病患者进行动态心电图检查。结果：老年男性冠心病患者常规心电图心肌缺血检出率低（18．69％），动态心电图心肌缺血检出率高（65．15％），主要为SMI；SMI发生高峰为上午8时，日间SMI发生明显多于夜间；睡眠及日间休息时SMI平均持续时间较活动时明显延长（P〈0．05）。结论：老年男性冠心病患者SMI发生率高，其发生和持续时间有一定的规律，动态心电图是冠心病患者SMI的重要检测和评估手段。     

心脏双能量CT与负荷/静息心肌灌注显像和冠状动脉造影的对比研究

目的:探讨心脏双能量CT对冠状动脉狭窄和心肌灌注缺损的诊断价值。方法:34例临床可疑或已知冠心病患者行心脏双能量CT检查。重建冠状动脉CTA图像(dual-energy CT angiographyDE-CTA)和双能心肌灌注图(dual-energy CT perfusion DE-CTP)用于冠状动脉狭窄程度和心肌灌注缺损的评判,并与冠状动脉造影和负荷/静息心肌灌注显像(single photo emission computed tomographySPECT)为参考标准,评价心脏双能量CT对冠状动脉狭窄程度和心肌灌注缺损诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果:1.28例符合纳入标准的患者进入本研究;2.DE-CTA显示408段冠状动脉,其中44段冠状动脉狭窄≥50%,以冠状动脉造影为参考标准,DE-CTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为89.28%、97.70%、86.20%及98.29%,准确性为96.58%;3.DE-CTP显示心肌节段476段,其中90段显示心肌灌注缺损,以负荷/静息心肌灌注显像为参考标准,DE-CTP诊断心肌灌注缺损的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为85.71%、93.09%、74.07%及96.58%,准确性为91.71%,DE-CTP诊断心肌灌注缺损与负荷/静息心肌灌注显像,诊断心肌灌注缺损具有较好的一致性,kappa值0.74(P<0.001)。结论:双能量CT作为一项新的成像方法,不仅能够诊断冠状动脉狭窄,还能对病变冠状动脉的血流动力学改变做出准确判断。     

冠状动脉支架置入术对老年冠心病患者心肌纤维化和左心功能的影响

目的 比较老年冠心病患者行冠状动脉支架置入术前、术后心肌纤维化的程度及左心功能的变化. 方法 经冠状动脉造影证实为单支血管病变的冠心病老年患者121例,在心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级、症状及心肌流量储备分数(FFR)综合指导下行冠状动脉支架置入术,术后12个月复查冠状动脉造影,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定并比较患者术前、术后3个月、12个月血清Ⅰ型前胶原(PC I)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、层黏蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)以及醛固酮(ALD)水平的变化;左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、血浆N末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平及6 min步行试验(6 MWD)改善情况;并对FFR与PCⅢ、PCⅢ,NT-proBNP、ALD与PC I、PCⅢ、LN、HA进行相关性分析. 结果 患者支架置入术均成功,术后12个月复查冠状动脉造影,6例患者置入支架内或其他大血管存在不同程度狭窄,FFR为0.56～0.82;术后3个月血清PC Ⅰ、PCⅢ、LN、HA、ALD水平和LVEDD及NT-proBNP较术前降低(均P＜0.05),术后12个月更显著(P＜0.01);FFR与PCⅢ呈负相关(r=-0.67,P＜0.01);PCⅢ与NT-proBNP和ALD与PC Ⅰ、PCⅢ、LN、HA均呈正相关(r值分别为0.67、0.52、0.55、0.46、0.51,均P＜0.01).结论 老年冠心病患者在TIMI分级、症状及FFR综合指导下行单支冠状动脉支架置入术,能减轻心肌纤维化,改善心功能,提高生活质量.     

老年急性冠脉综合征合并糖尿病患者的冠脉病变及其危险因素

目的：研究老年急性冠脉综合征（ACS）合并糖尿病患者的冠状动脉病变特点及相关危险因素。方法：选择老年ACS患者209例,被分为两组：ACS合并糖尿病组（观察组,73例）,ACS无糖尿病组（ACS对照组,136例）。并根据冠状动脉造影结果,对其冠脉病变特点进行分析。结果：观察组三支病变（50．68％）、弥漫性病变（27．22％）以及Gensini积分（24．21±4．37）分,均显著高于对照组[30．15％,16．09％,（18．53±3．59）分,P〈0．05～〈0．01]。多元Logistic逐步回归分析显示观察组高血压的合并风险比值（OR）为1．455,P=0．013,甘油三酯OR为1.930,P=0．003,总胆固醇OR为1．552,P=0．006,均为其危险因素。结论：老年急性冠脉综合征合并糖尿病患者的冠脉病变复杂、严重,甘油三酯、总胆固醇以及合并高血压病史是其发生、发展的重要危险因素。     

高龄男性急性冠脉综合征合并2型糖尿病患者的临床分析

目的：探讨高龄男性急性冠脉综合征（ACS）合并2型糖尿病患者的临床特征。方法：将70例研究对象分为合并2型糖尿病组及不合并2型糖尿病组（对照组）,回顾性分析两组心血管危险因素等的差异,观察两组患者发病情况及住院期间心力衰竭、恶性心律失常、肺部感染、心源性休克、死亡等不良事件的发生率。结果：与对照组比较,糖尿病组高甘油三酯血症的比例更高（P〈0．05）、肾功能损伤更为严重（P〈0．01）、既往发生急性心肌梗塞（AMI）和脑卒中的比例更高（P均〈0．05）;糖尿病组心力衰竭（P〈0．01）、肺部感染（P〈0．05）、心源性休克（P〈0．05）发生率明显高于对照组。两组在恶性心律失常的发生率方面无明显差别。结论：高龄男性急性冠脉综合征合并糖尿病的患者肾功能损伤加重,心力衰竭、血脂异常发生率更高,预后更差,更需加强综合治疗。     

冠心病并糖尿病患者血栓形成前状态分子标志物变化及机制研究

目的 :观察冠心病 (CHD)并 2型糖尿病 (NIDDM)患者血栓形成前状态 (PTS)分子标志物的变化 ,并探讨其机制。方法 :对 2 0例稳定型心绞痛 (SAP)、2 0例不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP)、2 8例UAP并NIDDM患者以及2 0例正常人体内PTS分子标志物、血管内皮功能以及脂质过氧化物水平进行系列检测。结果 :CHD患者尤其是并NIDDM患者体内存在明显的PTS分子标志物变化 ,并且以并糖尿病 (DM)微血管病变者或伴有心脏事件发生者更为明显 ,与此同时 ,这些患者的内皮功能障碍及脂质过氧化损伤明显。Logistic回归分析表明心脏事件发生与血管性假血友病因子、抗凝血酶Ⅲ、血浆血小板颗粒膜糖蛋白 14 0、血浆纤维蛋白原变化尤其密切 ,并且后者变化与内皮功能失调及脂质过氧化损伤密切相关。结论 :CHD尤其是并NIDDM患者存在明显的PTS分子标志物变化 ,这种变化在DM微血管病变者尤其明显 ,并与心脏事件发生密切相关。其产生机制可能与血管内皮功能障碍、脂质过氧化损伤有关     

长期服用麝香保心丸改善冠心病缺血心肌灌注96例研究

目的 采用SPECT心肌显像中的半定量指标评价长期应用麝香保心丸对心肌缺血的改善.方法 选择冠心病患者145例,随机分为对照组及治疗组.对照组采用标准抗缺血治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用麝香保心丸治疗6个月,检测治疗前、后患者心肌放射性缺损面积（MIA）及放射性异常分布积分,并随访临床事件.结果 治疗组MIA较对照组进一步下降（31.3±6.8比34.3±7.2,P＜0.05）,放射性异常分布积分进一步减低（19.2±7.5比21.0±7.4,P＜0.05）,同时临床事件减少（P＜0.05）.结论 标准治疗基础上长期应用麝香保心丸可以进一步改善冠心病缺血心肌灌注.     

替罗非班对急性冠脉综合征伴糖尿病患者介入术后心肌灌注及心肌损伤的影响

目的探讨替罗非班对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）伴糖尿病（DM）患者冠状动脉介入（PCI）术后心肌灌注及及心肌损伤的影响。方法选择ACs合并DM患者92例,随机分为两组,对照组（n=45）应用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、低分子肝素钙抗凝等常规治疗;替罗非班组（n=47）在常规治疗基础上加用替罗非班。观察两组患者冠脉内注药20min后梗死相关动脉（IRA）的TIMI及心肌灌注血流分级,术后8h、12h、24h的心肌肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）,主要不良心血管事件及出血发生率。结果术后8h、12h、24h替罗非班组的cTnT、hs—CRP均显著低于对照组（P〈O．05或P〈0．01）。冠脉内注药后20min行冠脉造影,替罗非班组IRA的TIMI及心肌灌注血流分级均显著优于对照组（P〈0．05）。替罗非班组心血管事件发生率显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）;术后30d内两组出血并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论在常规抗凝基础上合用盐酸替罗非班治疗ACS合并糖尿病患者,可明显改善心肌灌注,减少心肌损伤．减少心血管事件。     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的研究

目的:探讨2型糖尿病与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法:对象为选择性冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者266例,其中合并2型糖尿病者96例,无糖尿病者170例。计算冠脉病变支数和进行Gensini冠脉病变评分。结果:冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的冠脉病变Gensini评分和三支病变者明显多于不合并2型糖尿病的冠心病患者(P<0.05);简单直线相关分析表明,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、体重指数等与冠状动脉病变严重程度显著相关(P均<0.01)。结论:冠心病患者合并2型糖尿病将加重冠状动脉病变严重程度。