酞胺哌啶酮对人卵巢癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长及血管生成的作用

目的 :观察酞胺哌啶酮对人卵巢上皮癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长及血管生成的抑制作用。方法 :于裸鼠背部右侧皮下接种SKOV3 瘤源 ,随机分为 4组 :治疗组 - 1和对照组 - 1,皮下移植后次日开始分别给予酞胺哌啶酮 2 0 0mg kg .d-1、等体积 0 .5%羧甲基纤维素钠腹腔内注射 ,共 4周。治疗组 - 2和对照组 - 2 ,皮下移植第 15天开始分别给予酞胺哌啶酮 2 0 0mg kg .d-1和等体积 0 .5%羧甲基纤维素钠 ,共 2周。定期检测皮下瘤体积和裸鼠体重。用免疫组化方法检测肿瘤组织微血管内皮细胞的表达情况 ,在光学显微镜高倍视野下 (2 0 0× )分别计数肿瘤组织的微血管密度 (MVD)。结果 :治疗组裸鼠皮下瘤体积较对照组明显减小 :治疗结束时 ,治疗组 - 1抑瘤率为 4 0 .2 % (P <0 .0 1) ;治疗组 - 2抑瘤率为 2 8.5% (P <0 .0 5)。治疗组裸鼠体重与对照组无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5)。两治疗组皮下瘤的MVD明显降低 ,治疗组 - 1的抑制率为 4 3.7% (P <0 .0 1) ,治疗组 - 2的抑制率为4 2 .1% (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :酞胺哌啶酮能抑制人卵巢上皮癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长及微血管生成 ,其生长抑制作用以早期应用效果显著 ,且其副作用不明显     

抗肿瘤血管生成与卵巢癌基因治疗

由于卵巢癌起病隐匿，又缺乏早期诊断手段，其疗效一直困扰着妇科肿瘤医生。卵巢癌的基因治疗是近些年来研究的热点，尤其是以肿瘤血管为靶向的治疗已成为肿瘤治疗的一个前沿性课题。     

血管抑素基因治疗人卵巢癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤的实验研究

目的:研究血管抑素(Angiostatin)基因转染治疗人卵巢癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤的作用及其相关机理。方法:使用人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3建立人卵巢癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型。随机将荷瘤裸鼠分为基因治疗组、空质粒组和空白对照组,分别于瘤体注射Angiosta-tin/PCDNA3、空质粒PCDNA3和无菌生理盐水,质粒用脂质体DOTAP介导转染细胞。观察各组动物的肿瘤生长曲线,检测各组肿瘤Angiostatin、VEGF的表达和微血管密度(MVD),利用TUNEL染色法行原位细胞凋亡分析,计算细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果:基因治疗组裸鼠的肿瘤生长在早期受到明显抑制,大约1周后生长速度有所加快,肿瘤组织中Angiostatin蛋白局部高表达,VEGF的表达高于空质粒组和空白对照组,AI(4.21±0.49)高于空质粒组和空白对照组,MVD(19.3±3.2)低于空质粒组。结论:Angiostatin基因可以通过抑制血管生成而在一定程度上抑制肿瘤生长,其作用的发挥是独立于VEGF的。     

生物钟基因Period2对裸鼠卵巢癌移植瘤生长和血管生成抑制作用的机制研究

目的:探讨生物钟基因Period2对卵巢癌裸鼠移植瘤生长转移和血管生成的作用及可能机制。方法:利用卵巢癌细胞株构建裸鼠卵巢癌皮下移植瘤,利用基因转染技术,外源性导入重组基因Period2,使之在肿瘤组织成功稳定表达,分别采用Real-time定量PCR和Western blot检测移植瘤中Period2表达,治疗期间测量移植瘤体积,治疗2周后处死裸鼠,称取瘤重,免疫组化检测肿瘤组织中血管内皮生长因子/血管通透性因子(VEGF/VPF)、血管内皮生长因子受体1(VEGFR1)、微血管密度(MVD)(CD34标记)的表达情况,Western blot检测肿瘤转移相关基因(MTA1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9),以及PI3K/Akt信号通路的表达。结果:(1)外源性导入Period2基因在裸鼠移植瘤肿瘤组织中成功稳定表达。(2)Period2组移植瘤体积与其他两组相比较,差异有统计学意义(F=23.469,P0.001)。转染后2周,Period2组移植瘤重量明显低于空质粒组和对照组(P0.05),Period2组抑瘤率达到38.9%。(3)免疫组化结果表明,Period2组的VEGF/VPF、VEGFR1表达下降(F=46.80/48.09,P0.001),MVD计数(CD34标记)显著减少(F=138.4,P0.001)。(4)Western blot结果表明,Period2组MTA-1和MMP-9表达明显少于其他组(P0.05),自噬与凋亡相关信号通路PI3K/Akt中标志性蛋白PI3K、Akt表达明显下调(P0.05)。结论:(1)外源性导入Period2过表达可使卵巢癌生长速度减慢,抑瘤率明显提高。(2)Period2可能通过抑制VEGF/VPF、MTA-1、MMP-9表达而抑制卵巢癌的血管新生和浸润转移。(3)Period2可能通过干扰PI3K/Akt信号通路影响凋亡,抑制肿瘤血管形成来发挥抑瘤作用。     

血管形成抑制剂TNP-470对人卵巢癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长的影响

目的 观察血管形成抑制剂TNP－470（简称TNP）对人卵巢癌裸鼠皮上移植瘤生长的影响。方法 对30例裸鼠建立人卵巢癌皮下移植瘤模型,共分为5组：对照组（皮内及腹腔注射无菌生理盐水）,溶剂组（皮内注射1％乙醇及5％阿拉伯糖混合液）,TNP组（皮内注射TNP）,环磷酰胺（CTX）组（腹腔注射CTX）,TNP＋CTX组（皮内注射TNP,同时腹腔注射CTX）。观察各组裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长情况,裸鼠体重的变化,计算抑瘤率,并进行病理学检查。结果 溶剂组抑瘤率为7．9％,对照组为0％,两组比较,差异无显著性（P＞0．05）;TNP组抑瘤率为26．1％,CTX组为33．9％,两组比较,差异无显著性（P＞0．05）;TNP＋CTX组抑瘤率高达70．5％,有极明显的抑瘤效应,与对照组比较,差异有极显著性（P＜0．005）。TNP＋CTX组移植瘤镜下可见肿瘤细胞核浆比例明显小于对照组,核异形性明显少于对照组。结论 TNP对卵巢癌有一定的治疗作用;TNP与化学药物联合应用,抑瘤作用增强。     

人参皂甙Rg3对荷卵巢癌的严重联合免疫缺陷鼠的抗肿瘤血管生成作用的研究

目的　研究人参皂甙Rg3体内抗卵巢癌血管生成的作用。方法　建立荷卵巢癌的严重联合免疫缺陷 (SCID)鼠腹腔移植瘤模型 ,分为 3组。空白组 :SCID鼠荷瘤后不干预 ;对照组 :荷瘤SCID鼠予磷酸盐缓冲液 (PBS)灌胃 ;实验组 :荷瘤SCID鼠予人参皂甙Rg3和PBS混悬液灌胃。分别采用逆转录聚合酶链反应技术、酶联免疫吸附法、免疫组织化学法检测 3组荷瘤SCID鼠的血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)mRNA、蛋白及微血管密度 (MVD)。结果　 (1)人参皂甙Rg3处理后 ,荷瘤SCID鼠体内无腹水形成 ,腹腔中肿块播散减少。 (2 )实验组肿瘤组织VEGFmRNA表达的相对量为 119± 16 ,显著低于空白组、对照组 (分别为 2 5 4± 4和 2 73± 4 4 ,P均 <0 0 5 )。 (3)实验组血中VEGF蛋白的表达量为(14 6± 0 7)pg/ml,显著低于空白组和对照组 [分别为 (18 5± 2 1)和 (2 0 5± 1 7)pg/ml,P均 <0 0 5 ]。(4)实验组肿瘤组织中MVD为 (43± 7)个 /mm3 ,显著低于空白组和对照组 [分别为 (6 5± 12 )个 /mm3 和(73± 10 )个 /mm3 ,P均 <0 0 5 ]。结论　人参皂甙Rg3通过下调肿瘤VEGFmRNA及蛋白的表达量 ,阻滞肿瘤血管生成从而抑制肿瘤生长和转移     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在EMs中研究进展

子宫异位内膜的种植和发展必须依赖足够的血供，新生血管形成是子宫内膜异位症（EMs）发生的基本条件。在众多与血管生成相关的因子中，碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）起到了关键调节因子的作用。在正常子宫内膜组织中，该因子及其受体有表达，且受卵巢激素的调节。在EMs中，该因子及其受体的异常表达与异位内膜的增殖、黏附和血管生成有一定关系。     

Efp、VEGF和bFGF在子宫内膜癌的表达及意义

目的:探讨Efp、VEGF和bFGF在子宫内膜癌组织的表达以及与临床病理参数的关系。方法:采用荧光定量RT-PCR、ELISA和Western blot方法检测Efp、VEGF和bFGF mRNA及蛋白在子宫内膜癌组织的表达。结果:Efp mRNA在子宫内膜癌的表达量为1.12±0.47,低于正常对照组(P(0.05)。VEGF mRNA在子宫内膜癌及不典型增生组的表达量分别为3.20±0.45和2.51±0.37,明显高于正常对照组(P(0.05),bFGFmRNA在子宫内膜癌及不典型增生组的表达量分别为6.43±0.73和3.46±0.62,明显高于正常对照组(P(0.01,P(0.05)。Efp和bFGF mRNA的表达与组织分化程度相关,Efp mRNA在低分化子宫内膜癌的表达低于高分化的表达,而bFGF mRNA的表达则相反。Efp、VEGF和bFGF蛋白的表达与mRNA一致。结论:VEGF和bFGF参与了子宫内膜癌的血管生成,Efp和bFGF在子宫内膜癌的表达变化提示可能与预后有关。     

肌钙蛋白的克隆表达及对卵巢癌SKOV3裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用

目的:研究肌钙蛋白（Troponin,TnI）对卵巢癌的治疗作用。方法:将TnI构建于原核表达载体PTrc99A并转化到大肠杆菌JM109中。细胞在LB培养基中培养到对数生长期后,加IPTG至终浓度为5mmol/L诱导。离心收集菌体,超声破菌。包涵体纯化并复性后在体内、体外抑制血管生成,并用于治疗荷有卵巢癌SKOV3的裸鼠,肿瘤体积每周测2次。结果:TnI能在体内和体外抑制血管生成。TnI治疗组肿瘤生长明显受到抑制,生存率升高。结论:TnI可抑制荷瘤小鼠的卵巢癌生长,延长其生存率。     

肝细胞生长因子对卵巢癌血管生成因子的影响及信号传导途径

目的研究肝细胞生长因子(HGF)对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞血管内皮生长因子的影响及其信号传导机制。方法将不同浓度、不同作用时间的HGF和核转录因子(NFkB)抑制剂PDTC刺激培养的SKOV3细胞;应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应技术(RT-PCR)检测卵巢癌细胞血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)mRNA的变化;采用蛋白印迹方法检测卵巢癌细胞VEGF蛋白和核蛋白NFkB的变化。结果HGF促进卵巢癌细胞VEGF mRNA和蛋白的表达,且随时间和浓度增加作用增强,PDTC可以抑制HGF的刺激作用;HGF促进细胞核NFkB蛋白的活化,且随时间延长作用增强,于刺激1 h达高峰,PDTC可以抑制HGF对NFkB的活化作用。结论HGF通过NFkB途径在核酸和蛋白水平调节卵巢癌细胞分泌VEGF。     

Maspin expression and localization impact on angiogenesis and prognosis in ovarian cancer

INTRODUCTION: The goal of this study is to evaluate the relation of maspin expression and its cellular localization to markers of angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian serous carcinoma (OSC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 118 patients with high-grade advanced stage OSC who were treated at our institution. Clinical data were collected, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with antibodies to VEGF, CD34, COX-2, and maspin was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor blocks. CD34 immunostaining was used to determine microvessel density. The correlation between the various molecular markers was assessed using the Chi-square test. Survival analysis was computed using the Kaplan-Meier model, and various prognostic variables were compared using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Maspin expression was noted in 81.4% (96/118) of tumors. Expression was localized to the nuclear compartment in 21.2% of cases, whereas 60.2% of cases showed evidence of cytoplasmic +/- nuclear expression. Tumors that exhibited nuclear maspin expression had lower VEGF and COX-2 expression than tumors with negative or cytoplasmic expression. Tumors with high nuclear maspin expression had lower mean MVD than those with low or negative expression. The median survival based on localization of maspin was 1146 days for those with negative tumors, 1803 days for those with nuclear maspin, and 637 days for those with cytoplasmic maspin (P < 0.001). In a Cox regression analysis, maspin localization was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: Maspin expression and localization seem to play a role in ovarian cancer angiogenesis and progression. High nuclear expression was associated with reduced markers of angiogenesis and prolonged survival.     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿中PTTG、bFGF和c-myc的表达及意义

目的:探讨PTTG、bFGF和c-myc在卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的表达及意义。方法:用免疫组化法检测60例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者异位内膜、在位内膜及34例正常子宫内膜组织中PTTG、bFGF及c-myc的表达水平。结果:在卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者异位内膜中,PTTG、bFGF及c-myc的阳性表达率分别是80%、76.7%及66.7%,其阳性率明显高于在位内膜(P<0.05)及正常子宫内膜组织,在位内膜亦高于正常对照组内膜(P<0.05)。等级相关分析PTTG、bFGF及c-myc呈正相关关系。结论:卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿中PTTG表达明显高于正常子宫内膜组织,可能是通过上调bFGF和c-myc蛋白表达在卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的发生发展中发挥了作用。     

血管内皮生长因子在卵巢癌细胞浸润转移中的作用

目的 :探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)在卵巢癌浸润转移中的作用。方法 :阳离子脂质体介导VEGF165质粒转染 2株卵巢癌细胞CaOV 3、COC1,并经逆转录聚合酶链式反应 (RT PCR)、Western免疫印迹检测转染VEGF165质粒前后癌细胞VEGFmRNA及其蛋白表达水平 ;用Boyden小室体外侵袭实验比较VEGF165质粒转染前后以及单克隆抗体作用后 2株癌细胞通过人工重组基底膜的能力强弱变化。结果 :VEGF165质粒转染后 ,2株细胞mRNA和蛋白表达水平均较转染前明显增强 (P <0 .0 5 )。VEGF165质粒转染的癌细胞CaOV 3、COC1穿过人工重组基底膜的相对百分率分别为 4 2 .5± 4 .1、2 6 .8± 2 .4 ,明显高于对照组穿膜细胞相对百分率 (2 4 .7± 1.9、8.6± 1.1) (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而在VEGF单克隆抗体存在时 ,2株癌细胞穿膜细胞相对百分率 (10 .2± 0 .7、5 .4± 0 .3)较处理前均有不同程度的下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :VEGF参与了卵巢癌转移的侵袭、浸润阶段 ,应用VEGF单克隆抗体可针对性地抑制VEGF介导的卵巢癌侵袭、浸润。     

The interplay of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) with basic fibroblast growth factor and adipokines on angiogenesis in vitro

Introduction

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is suggested to regulate placental angiogenesis, however, its role is incompletely understood. hCG may directly stimulate angiogenesis or influence the effect of other angiogenic factors. We examined the effect of hCG and the interplay of hCG with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and with various adipokines on proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro.

Methods

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated for 2 days with combinations of hCG, bFGF, leptin, resistin, adiponectin, IL6 and TNFα. Incorporation of radiolabelled thymidine was used to assess cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to examine activation of p44/42 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK).

Results

hCG induced proliferation of HUVEC alone and in combination with bFGF. Cells exposed to both hCG and bFGF displayed increased activation of p44/42 MAPK as compared to hCG or bFGF alone. Increased HUVEC proliferation was observed in the presence of increasing concentrations of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, and IL6, whereas HUVEC proliferation decreased in the presence of TNFα. hCG in combination with leptin, resistin, adiponectin or IL6 stimulated HUVEC proliferation beyond the effect of hCG alone.

Discussion

An interplay of hCG with adipose tissue-derived factors with angiogenic properties is plausible. Thus, maternal obesity may affect placental angiogenesis in pregnancy.

Conclusions

hCG may directly stimulate angiogenesis. Also, hCG may indirectly stimulate angiogenesis through interplay with bFGF and adipokines.     

血管生成在上皮性卵巢肿瘤中的意义

目的：探讨上皮性卵巢肿瘤内微血管密度及其与患者预后的意义。方法：对４３例卵巢上皮性肿瘤（交界性６例、恶性３７例）石蜡组织切片采用抗Ⅷ因子相关抗原抗体、免疫组化ＳＡＢＣ法染色,显微镜下寻找微血管密集区,通过计算机图象分析系统计数微血管（４０×视野）,以平均微血管数／４０×视野为肿瘤内微血管密度（ｉｎｔｒａｔｕｍ ｏｒｍ ｉｃｒｏｖｅｓｓｅｌｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ,ＩＭＤ）。结果：４３例中交界性瘤６ 例的平均ＩＭＤ为２４．３３±３．２７,上皮性癌３７ 例的平均ＩＭＤ为３５．２７±１７．２４,二者差异不显著（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）;ＩＭＤ随临床期别增加而增加,亦随细胞分化不良而增加;高ＩＭＤ组（≥３０）较低ＩＭＤ组（＜ ３０）死亡风险高２．４倍,复发风险高４．４ 倍,Ｋａｐｌａｎ Ｍｅｉｅｒ法描记两组生存率曲线差异亦有显著性（Ｐ＝ ０．０３）。结论：ＩＭＤ在上皮性卵巢肿瘤中具有预后意义,是预示患者生存和肿瘤复发有意义的参数。     

Expression of the opioid growth factor-opioid growth factor receptor axis in human ovarian cancer

Objective

The opioid growth factor (OGF) and its receptor (OGFr), serve as inhibitory axis regulating cell proliferation in normal cells and cancer. We investigated the presence and relative expression of OGF and OGFr in normal human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cells, benign ovarian cysts, and ovarian cancers.

Methods

Surgical samples of 16 patients with ovarian cancer and 27 patients with ovarian benign cysts were obtained intraoperatively. HOSE were collected by scraping the surface of normal ovaries of 10 post menopausal women undergoing hysterectomy and oophorectomy. Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry was used to assess the presence, distribution, and levels of OGF and OGFr. Receptor binding assays measured binding capacity and affinity of OGFr for radiolabeled OGF.

Results

OGF and OGFr were present in HOSE cells, ovarian cysts, and ovarian cancers. Compared to HOSE cells, OGF and OGFr protein levels were reduced 29% and 34% (p < 0.001), respectively, in ovarian cysts, and decreased 58% and 48% (p < 0.001), respectively, in ovarian cancers. Binding assays revealed 5.4 fold fewer OGFr binding sites in cancers than cysts (p < 0.05). Levels of OGF and OGFr were comparable in primary, metastatic, or recurrent ovarian cancers.

Conclusion

We have shown that a native opioid pathway, the OGF-OGFr axis, is present in human ovarian cancer. Importantly, the expression of OGF and OGFr is diminished in human ovarian cancer. As OGF and OGFr normally function in maintaining cell proliferation, therapy to harness OGF/OGFr function could provide a useful biologic-based treatment for human ovarian cancer.     

Imaging of ovarian cancer with radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies

Summary This article presents the state of the art of immunoscintigraphy (IS) of ovarian cancer. We will review the monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) used in clinical trials: (HMFG1/2, OC125, H317, H17E2, NDOG2 and 791T/36). We conclude that none of the afore mentioned MoAbs are clearly superior and that IS cannot yet replace laparotomy for the diagnosis of overian cancer but may have a role in the follow-up of ovarian cancer, in timing second-look surgery and assessing the response/TD treatment.