Injuries of the lateral ankle ligaments: classification with tenography and arthrography

To assess the value of tenography of the peroneal tendon sheaths and of arthrography of the tibiotalar joint for the diagnosis and classification of recent ruptures of the lateral ankle ligaments, the authors performed a prospective study on 108 patients with inversion trauma of the ankle. All patients underwent tenography. Arthrography was performed if results of tenography were negative. All patients with positive tenographic or arthrographic results underwent surgery. Tenography proved to be reliable in the diagnosis of injuries of the calcaneofibular ligament (sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 87%-94%). The positive predictive value of tenography in combination with arthrography was 100% for the diagnosis of lateral ligament ruptures. The authors conclude that a combination of arthrography and tenography is a reliable method for diagnosing recent ruptures of the lateral ankle ligaments and for differentiating between isolated ruptures of the talofibular ligament and combined lesions of both the talofibular and the calcaneofibular ligaments.     

小切口取部分腓骨短肌腱重建踝关节外侧副韧带

目的 介绍小切口取部分腓骨短肌腱解剖重建外侧副韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的疗效.方法 11例慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者接受小切口取部分腓骨短肌腱解剖重建踝关节外侧副韧带的手术治疗,年龄16～42岁,平均27.6岁.术前病程4～32个月,平均10.3个月.术后定期行双侧踝关节对比稳定检查、应力位X线片及MRI检查,并按美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝-后足功能评分表进行功能评分.结果 11例患者术后平均随访17.5个月(12～37个月).AOFAS踝-后足功能评分平均88.3分(72～96分),其中优6例(55%),良4例(36%),一般1例(9%).术后复查MRI证实重建韧带恢复良好.随访期间未发现踝关节不稳复发或其他并发症.结论 小切口取部分腓骨短肌腱解剖重建踝关节外侧副韧带是治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳一种安全、有效的方法.     

Surgical treatment of concomitant chronic ankle instability and longitudinal rupture of the peroneus brevis tendon

Chronic lateral ankle instability can be associated with a longitudinal rupture of the peroneus brevis tendon. Patients with these problems have atypical posterolateral or retromalleolar pain, as well as clinical signs of ligamentous instability. This injury is frequently concomitant with lateral ligament injuries and the injury mechanism is similar; however, the tendon rupture is often missed. Laxity or insufficiency of the superior peroneal retinaculum allows the anterior part of the peroneus brevis tendon to ride upon the sharp posterior fibular edge, resulting in a longitudinal rupture of the tendon. We report on the results after surgical treatment in nine patients (10 ankles) with combined instability of the lateral ankle ligaments and longitudinal rupture of the peroneus brevis tendon. All these patients underwent surgical repair of the peroneus tendon, reconstruction of the superior peroneal retinaculum, removal of the sharp posterior edge of the fibula and correction of the ligamentous instability of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments. One constant finding at surgery was a longitudinal intratendineal rupture of the peroneus brevis tendon combined with insufficiency of the superior peroneal retinaculum and insufficiency of the lateral ligaments. At follow-up 3 (2–5) years postoperatively, the functional results were excellent or good in nine ankles and fair in one. All the patients with excellent or good results had resumed their preinjury activity level. We conclude that this lesion should be suspected in patients with lateral ligamentous instability, combined with retromalleolar pain. In these cases, it is important to address both the tendon rupture and the ligamentous insufficiency.     

Reconstruction of the superior peroneal retinaculum using an autologous gracilis tendon graft for chronic dislocation of the peroneal tendons accompanied by lateral instability of the ankle: technical note

This is a technical note on reconstructive surgery for the combination of chronic dislocation of the peroneal tendons and lateral instability of the ankle. The traditional surgery for this condition consists of direct repairs of the lateral ligaments of the ankle and the superior peroneal retinaculum, if possible. However, repair surgery is difficult in cases with insufficient structural remnants. We describe here a technique of simultaneous reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament and superior peroneal retinaculum with an autologous gracilis tendon graft for the combination of chronic dislocation of the peroneal tendons and lateral instability of the ankle.     

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of chronic lateral ankle instability

The ankle inversion injury is one of the most common types of injury that is encountered in athletes and active individuals. There are a wide variety of acute injuries associated with ankle inversion, including peroneal tendon tears, osteochondritis dessicans of the talus, anterior talofibular ligament avulsion, peroneal retinaculum avulsion, and calcaneofibular ligament tears. Chronic sequelae include impingement, posttraumatic degenerative arthritis, and an attenuated peroneal retinaculum. Most inversion injuries to the ankle have multiple associated injuries and isolated ligament injuries are uncommon. Chronically, the injured ankle usually demonstrates the injuries found at the time of the initial injury. Subsequently, there is a high frequency of these injuries in patients evaluated for symptoms of chronic lateral ankle instability. A high index of suspicion for the specific types of injuries associated with ankle inversions may result in a higher rate of injury detection and more expeditious and accurate diagnoses. Given the persistence of these injuries seen in patients with chronic posterolateral instability, injury patterns of ankle inversion are important to recognize even in the absence of acute trauma. We review the various types of injuries with their associated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics seen in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability.     

Traumatic peroneal split lesion with retinaculum avulsion: Diagnosis and post-operative multymodality imaging

Tears of peroneus brevis tendon represent a cause of underdiagnosed lateral ankle pain and instability. The typical clinical presentation is retro-malleolar pain, in some cases associated with palpable swelling around the fibular malleolus, pain during activities and difficulty in walking. We present a case of peroneus brevis split lesion with superior peroneal retinaculum avulsion in a young athlete who referred to the emergency ward of our hospital for left ankle pain after an inversion injury. An early diagnosis allowed treating the injury and promptly resuming sport activity, after rehabilitation training. Surgical reconstruction key-points and post-surgical follow-up were also discussed. A late diagnosis would have caused a symptomatology worsening and an increased recovery time.     

半腱肌移植重建踝关节外侧副韧带及踝关节不稳

目的 探讨半腱肌移植修复陈旧性踝关节外侧副韧带损伤及踝关节不稳的有效性.方法 选择陈旧性踝关节外侧副韧带损伤患者2例,其中男1例,女1例;男25岁,女17岁.左侧1例,右侧1例.患者入院前均有2年以上反复踝部旋后位扭伤的病史.踝部损伤为Ⅲ度(美国足踝外科学院分度);前抽屉试验及距骨倾斜试验阳性.应力X线片显示距骨倾斜平均21°,且在侧位片显示距骨前脱位.2例均采用同侧自体半腱肌肌腱移植重建踝关节外侧副韧带.结果 2例平均随访8个月.患足局部无肿痛,行走正常,踝关节主动活动与被动活动良好,患足前抽屉试验及距骨倾斜试验阴性,应力X线片检查显示距骨无前脱位,距骨倾斜角＜5°.根据Mazur疗效评分标准,优1例,良1例.患者对踝关节功能主观满意.结论 (1)踝关节外侧副韧带损伤是导致慢性踝关节不稳,甚至踝关节骨性关节炎的常见原因;(2)Brostr(o)m法仍不失为修复新鲜踝关节外侧副韧带损伤的有效方法,但对陈旧性损伤无效.(3)采用自体半腱肌肌腱修复重建陈旧性踝关节外侧副韧带的方法简单,有效,对于治疗踝关节不稳、防止踝关节骨性关节炎的发生具有重要的作用.     

高山滑雪运动踝关节急性期损伤MRI表现

目的:探讨高山滑雪运动(AS)踝关节急性期损伤MRI特点。方法:搜集27例AS运动踝关节急性损伤患者(共29个踝关节损伤)作为实验组;随机选取30例普通外伤踝关节患者(共30个踝关节损伤)作为对照组。采用3.0T MRI和相控阵线圈进行踝关节扫描。由2名放射科主治医师评估膝关节骨、软骨、韧带、肌腱等损伤。结果:实验组多结构联合损伤29(100%)个;对照组多结构联合损伤24(80.00%)个。MRI显示实验组内踝、外踝、胫骨滑车、距骨、跟骨、舟骨、骰骨挫伤/骨折分别为14、12、12、17、15、13、14个,对照组分别为7、5、5、9、8、6、6个;实验组内侧胫距关节软骨、外侧胫骨关节软骨、距下关节软骨、距跟舟关节软骨、距骰关节软骨损伤分别为16、15、14、12、13个,对照组分别为8、6、7、5、5个;实验组三角韧带、距腓前韧带、距腓后韧带、跟腓韧带、下胫腓前韧带、下胫腓后韧带损伤分别为16、17、13、16、15、12个,对照组分别为8、9、6、9、7、5个;实验组拇长屈肌肌腱、趾长屈肌肌腱、胫骨后肌肌腱、腓骨长短肌肌腱、拇长伸肌肌腱,趾长伸肌肌腱、胫骨前肌肌腱损、跟腱损伤分别为14、15、14、14、14、13、14、15个,对照组分别为7、7、6、7、6、6、7、8个。两组损伤发生率差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。实验组关节软骨损伤0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级分别为75、33、16、11、10个,对照组分别为119、12、7、6、6个;实验组韧带损伤0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级分别为68、58、31、17个,对照组分别为124、31、13、12个;实验组肌腱损伤0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级分别为105、82、31、14个,对照组分别为171、45、15、9个。两组损伤程度差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。实验组常见多个解剖部位、多发性骨挫伤/骨折,而对照组常见直接撞击部位的骨挫伤/骨折。实验组关节软骨常表现≥Ⅱ级损伤,而对照组软骨损伤常表现Ⅰ级损伤。实验组多表现为多条韧带联合损伤,以Ⅱ级损伤居多;对照组以单条韧带损伤为主,以Ⅰ级损表现居多。实验组常表现多条肌腱Ⅰ级损伤,对照组常表现单条Ⅰ级损伤。结论:滑雪运动踝关节损伤为骨髓、软骨、韧带及肌腱的联合损伤,正确认识滑雪运动踝关节急性期损伤的MRI表现,对早期诊断、踝关节功能恢复有重要意义。     

MR imaging of the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle

The ankle is stabilized by three sets of ligaments: the medial collateral (deltoid) ligament, the syndesmotic ligamentous complex, and the lateral collateral ligament. Of these three, the lateral collateral ligament is the one most often injured in ankle sprains. Assessment of the extent of injury has classically relied on clinical evaluation; plain film radiographs (including stress views); and, in some acute situations, ankle arthrography and/or peroneal tenography. In this report we illustrate the use of MR in the evaluation of the lateral collateral ligament. The normal anatomy, pitfalls in image interpretation, and findings in cases of ligamentous injury are demonstrated.     

The distal fascicle of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament as a cause of tibiotalar impingement syndrome: a current concepts review

Impingement syndromes of the ankle involve either osseous or soft tissue impingement and can be anterior, anterolateral, or posterior. Ankle impingement syndromes are painful conditions caused by the friction of joint tissues, which are both the cause and the effect of altered joint biomechanics. The distal fascicle of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) is possible cause of anterior impingement. The objective of this article was to review the literature concerning the anatomy, pathogenesis, symptoms and treatment of the AITFL impingement and finally to formulate treatment recommendations. The AITFL starts from the distal tibia, 5 mm in average above the articular surface, and descends obliquely between the adjacent margins of the tibia and fibula, anterior to the syndesmosis to the anterior aspect of the lateral malleolus. The incidence of the accessory fascicle differs very widely in the several studies. The presence of the distal fascicle of the AITFL and also the contact with the anterolateral talus is probably a normal finding. It may become pathological, due to anatomical variations and/or anterolateral instability of the ankle resulting from an anterior talofibular ligament injury. When observed during an ankle arthroscopy, the surgeon should look for the criteria described to decide whether it is pathological and considering resection of the distal fascicle. The presence of the AITFL and the contact with the talus is a normal finding. An impingement of the AITFL can result from an anatomical variant or anteroposterior instability of the ankle. The diagnosis of ligamentous impingement in the anterior aspect of the ankle should be considered in patients who have chronic ankle pain in the anterolateral aspect of the ankle after an inversion injury and have a stable ankle, normal plain radiographs, and isolated point tenderness on the anterolateral aspect of the talar dome and in the anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament. The impingement syndrome can be treated arthroscopically.     

Arthroscopic assessment of the chronic unstable ankle joint

The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the findings during arthroscopy in patients with chronic instability of the ankle joint. One hundred and ten consecutive patients who had suffered at least two ankle sprains and were symptomatic for at least 6 months were included in this study. A complete rupture of the anterior talofibular ligament was found in 64%, of the calcancofibular ligament in 41% and of the deltoid ligament in 6%. Cartilage lesions of the talus were seen in 54% of the joints, more of them medial (56%) than lateral (15%) or ventral (20%). Other frequently observed findings were synovialitis (38%), rupture of the syndesmosis (7%), and ventral scarring (6%). While cartilage damage was found independently of the lateral ligament injuries, all complete tears of the deltoid ligament were associated with cartilage injury of the talus. Medial instability was assessed in five ankles clinically and found arthroscopically in 23 ankle joints. Our arthroscopic findings show that chronic instability of the ankle joint is associated with various pathological conditions of ligaments, capsule and cartilage. It can therefore give essential information about the status of the chronic unstable joint with regard to the choice of operative or conservative treatment.     

Aspiration and Corticosteroid Injection

Most lateral ankle sprains heal brief with conservative treatment, Pain that lasts 6 or more weeks after a sprain may come from inadequate rehabilitation, impingement, occult osteochondral or chondral lesions, peroneal tendon or syndesmosis injury, or lateral instability. Treatment for inadequate rehabilitation includes supervised rehabilitation and home exercise. Surgery is recommended for refractory cases of impingement syndrome. Occult osteochondral or chondral lesions usually require arthroscopic excision or repair. Peroneal tendon injury should be treated conservatively before surgery is considered. The severity of syndesmosis injury determines conservative or surgical measures. Remedies for lateral instability include an ankle brace, physiotherapy, and surgery.     

Value of arthrography after supination trauma of the ankle

Objective. To investigate the merits of arthrography after supination trauma of the ankle. Design and patients. In a group of 160 consecutive patients operative exploration was performed in cases where arthrography and/or a delayed physical examination showed positive findings. In all patients arthrography was performed within 48 h after trauma. To determine interobserver agreement, all arthrograms were independently evaluated by two radiologists, both ignorant of the first assessment. Results. The prevalence of an ankle ligament lesion was found to be 76%. Of the 122 patients with a rupture of one or more ankle ligaments, 52% had an isolated anterior talofibular ligament lesion, 3% had an isolated calcaneofibular ligament lesion, and 45% had combined lesions. The site of the lesion was predominantly intraligamentous. In the determination of the presence or absence of an ankle ligament lesion, the specificity and sensitivity of the ankle arthrogram were 71% and 96% respectively. Interobserver agreement on the arthrogram was very good (κ 0.9). In 1% of patients a clear diagnosis was not possible by means of arthrography. Conclusion. Arthrography provides information of high diagnostic quality with excellent interobserver agreement and therefore remains the gold standard for early diagnosis (within 48 h) of a lateral ankle ligament rupture.     

踝关节内侧韧带损伤及其病理机制初探

目的 探讨踝关节内韧带损伤后内侧不稳定的病理机制.方法 患者15例,男8例,女7例;年龄22～58岁,平均40岁.其中踝关节急性扭伤患者2例,踝关节慢性损伤3例,先天性平足3例,胫后肌腱失能5例,旋前外旋骨折1例,陈旧性的内踝撕脱骨折1例.所有患者均行三角韧带修补术,同时行跟骨延长术8例,内侧楔骨闭合截骨5例,跟骨截骨内移术1例.全部患者术后随访7～56个月,运用美国足踝外科协会(America Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝-后足功能评分进行评估,统计学分析采用t检验.结果 1例踝关节急性骨折患者,由于术前无法评分,不放在统计分析内.其余14例患者术前评分为(42.4±10.6)分,术后评分(89.8±6.2)分(P＜0.05).结论 三角韧带是一个重要的解剖结构,在以下几种情况下须注意其修复:(1)三角韧带损伤范围较广,涉及前部的胫弹簧韧带和胫舟韧带.(2)先天性的平足以及获得性的胫后肌腱失能患者.(3)以往有经常的踝关节扭伤,有外侧韧带的损伤,此次发生了伴有内侧韧带损伤的骨折.     

Radiographic diagnosis of acute peroneal tendon dislocation.

Acute dislocation of the peroneal tendons at the ankle is accompanied, in a significant proportion of cases, by a characteristic small shelllike avulsion fracture of the lateral malleolus, rendering the lesion diagnosable radiographically. This small fracture is usually best seen on internal rotation oblique or occasionally on anteroposterior films of the ankle. It is seen as a bone flake only a few millimeters thick but often 1 cm or more in vertical diameter lying adjacent to the posterolateral surface of the lateral malleolus. It is an infrequent injury, now usually the result of a ski accident. Failure to recognize and treat the lesion can result in chronic disability.     

慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗

目的 回顾慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗,对其结果进行分析和评价.方法 74例患者,其中男43例,女31例;年龄15～63岁,平均39岁.患者至少有半年以上的病史,有两次以上的反复扭伤史.所有患者均行6周以上的保守治疗.41例患者行手术治疗,改良的Brostrom术12例,Myerson法8例,Chrisman-Snook法21例.对其他并发的病理问题需同时处:其中腓骨肌腱滑脱加固术6例,跟腱挛缩延长术9例,跟内翻截骨外移术8例,距骨骨软骨损伤清理打孔13例.结果 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.结论 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.     

The role of the peroneal tendons in passive stabilisation of the ankle joint: an in vitro study

Purpose

Peroneal tendons are known as active stabilizer in acute ankle sprain while an intact ankle mortise and intact lateral ligaments are required for passive stability of the ankle joint. The goal of this study is to determine the peroneal tendons as passive stabilizer in case of lateral ligament instability.

Methods

Twelve (12) human lower leg cadaver specimens underwent a torsion simulation in the testing system, 858 Mini Bionix^® (MTS^® Systems Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN, USA) and a specially designed mounting platform for the specimens. The preset torsion between tibia and calcaneus was primarily set at 30° of internal rotation during plantar flexion and hindfoot inversion. The resisting torque around mechanical tibial axis was recorded which ensures stability in ankle sprain trauma. The first series of measurements were performed on healthy specimens and the following after transecting structures in following order: ATFL (anterior talofibular ligament) in combination with CFL (calcaneofibular ligament), followed by peroneus longus tendon and finally peroneus brevis tendon.

Results

The combined lateral ATFL and CFL instability shows a decrease of the resisting torque which ensures stability in ankle sprain trauma. Only a transection of PLT with existing lateral dual-ligament instability results in a significant decrease in torque (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The PLT has a substantial effect on passive stability at a present lateral ligament lesion in ankle sprain trauma. A deficiency in viscoelastic properties of the peroneus longus tendon must be considered in diagnostic and treatment for ankle instability.     

慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗

目的 回顾慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗,对其结果进行分析和评价.方法 74例患者,其中男43例,女31例;年龄15～63岁,平均39岁.患者至少有半年以上的病史,有两次以上的反复扭伤史.所有患者均行6周以上的保守治疗.41例患者行手术治疗,改良的Brostrom术12例,Myerson法8例,Chrisman-Snook法21例.对其他并发的病理问题需同时处:其中腓骨肌腱滑脱加固术6例,跟腱挛缩延长术9例,跟内翻截骨外移术8例,距骨骨软骨损伤清理打孔13例.结果 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.结论 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.     

慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗

目的 回顾慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗,对其结果进行分析和评价.方法 74例患者,其中男43例,女31例;年龄15～63岁,平均39岁.患者至少有半年以上的病史,有两次以上的反复扭伤史.所有患者均行6周以上的保守治疗.41例患者行手术治疗,改良的Brostrom术12例,Myerson法8例,Chrisman-Snook法21例.对其他并发的病理问题需同时处:其中腓骨肌腱滑脱加固术6例,跟腱挛缩延长术9例,跟内翻截骨外移术8例,距骨骨软骨损伤清理打孔13例.结果 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.结论 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.     

慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗

目的 回顾慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗,对其结果进行分析和评价.方法 74例患者,其中男43例,女31例;年龄15～63岁,平均39岁.患者至少有半年以上的病史,有两次以上的反复扭伤史.所有患者均行6周以上的保守治疗.41例患者行手术治疗,改良的Brostrom术12例,Myerson法8例,Chrisman-Snook法21例.对其他并发的病理问题需同时处:其中腓骨肌腱滑脱加固术6例,跟腱挛缩延长术9例,跟内翻截骨外移术8例,距骨骨软骨损伤清理打孔13例.结果 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.结论 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.