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1.
目的 探讨皮下潜行输尿管旁路支架肾盂膀胱分流术在晚期肿瘤致输尿管梗阻患者中的应用效果.方法 选择因输尿管膀胱晚期肿瘤或腹膜后病变造成输尿管梗阻的12例患者(共16侧输尿管:单侧8例、双侧4例),在超声加C型臂X线机的引导下,采用经皮穿刺肾造瘘,支架管在输尿管旁路皮下潜行,膀胱穿刺造瘘完成上尿路内引流,术后对肾盂形态及肾...  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨肾移植后肾积水的微创治疗方法及疗效。方法 24例肾移植术后肾积水患者,根据病情采取不同的微创治疗。16例患者在输尿管软镜下行双J管植入,6例患者在B超和X线透视导向下采用同轴穿刺法行肾造瘘+介入治疗,2例患者采取超声引导下经皮肾同轴穿刺引流术,待一般状况恢复后行输尿管膀胱吻合术。术后观察尿液颜色、尿量,并复查肾功能。结果 24例患者行B超及泌尿系水成像(MRU)检查均显示不同程度肾积水和输尿管梗阻,其中输尿管完全梗阻2例,不完全梗阻22例。行经皮穿刺肾输尿管狭窄段球囊扩张联合内外引流术6例,输尿管软镜下支架管置入术16例,经皮肾造瘘外引流术2例。患者血清尿素氮和肌酐水平术前分别为35.3mmol/L和397.7μmol/L,术后1周分别下降至9.7mmol/L和124.6μmol/L。术后B超检查示移植肾积水消失。随访4~12个月,2例外引流患者一般状况好转后行开放手术,其余患者均无肾积水复发。结论微创治疗尤其是输尿管软镜治疗具有操作简便、创伤小和并发症少的特点,是移植肾积水安全、有效的治疗方法。  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨DSA引导下经皮穿刺肾盏置入输尿管支架在恶性肿瘤所致输尿管狭窄的可行性.方法 收集2012年10月至2015年4月因恶性肿瘤导致输尿管狭窄伴肾积水40例患者、45条输尿管狭窄.应用C臂CT成像技术,经皮肾穿刺肾盏,在导管导丝的辅助下植入输尿管支架,解除输尿管梗阻.其中30例在输尿管镜或膀胱镜下植入输尿管支架操作失败并采取DSA引导下植入支架;10例直接行DSA引导下植入支架.35例为单侧输尿管狭窄,5例为双侧狭窄,共45条输尿管受累.分析DSA引导下顺行植入输尿管支架的优势.结果 45条受累输尿管中42条输尿管例植入输尿管支架取得成功,3条因导管导丝未能通过狭窄段未能置入,于患侧留置外引流管缓解肾盂积水.结论 对于恶性肿瘤所致输尿管狭窄患者,DSA引导下经皮肾穿刺植入输尿管支架的方法简便易行,成功率高,并发症少,术后生活质量好.  相似文献   

4.
目的:探讨在B超引导下经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜下碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石的安全性及临床疗效。方法:白2002年以来我院应用B超引导经皮肾微造瘘,经输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石137例。碎石取石术后常规留置双J管和肾造瘘管。结果:137例均一次碎石排石成功,术后复查KUB均未见结石残留,无气胸、腹腔脏器损伤等严重并发症发生。结论:与传统手术相比较,只要操作者具有一定的经验,B超引导下经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜下碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石是安全、有效的,而且创伤小,出血量少,恢复快。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨经皮穿刺顺行输尿管支架置放术结合区域性动脉化疗对盆腔原发或转移性肿瘤合并急性肾衰竭的临床价值及安全性。方法对18例盆腔恶性肿瘤伴双侧输尿管梗阻致肾后性肾功能不全的患者,行一侧经皮穿刺顺行放置输尿管支架,肾功能恢复后3~5d行区域性动脉插管化疗。结果17例输尿管支架置放术一次手术获成功,1例患者左侧肾造瘘失败且发生肾周血肿,后经导管节段性动脉栓塞止血,5d后经右肾造瘘成功。无其他严重并发症。术前血肌酐175.40~1040.70μmol/L,6例存在出血倾向,所有患者肾造瘘2~7d后肾功能恢复正常,随后进行3~8次动脉常规剂量化疗。随访时间3~15个月,平均7个月。结论经皮穿刺顺行输尿管支架置放术结合区域性动脉化疗,治疗盆腔原发或转移性肿瘤合并急性肾衰竭安全、可行、并发症少,可延长患者生存期。  相似文献   

6.
经皮肾穿刺造瘘操作技术及并发症防治探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨经皮肾穿刺造瘘操作技术,总结并发症产生原因与防治措施。方法回顾性总结采用超声联合透视导向行经皮肾穿刺造瘘治疗247例肾积水患者,分析技术方法及相关并发症情况与防治措施。结果247例在超声联合C臂血管机透视导向下,穿刺置管成功率100%;严重并发症发生率为4例(1.6%),其中3例术后发生大出血,1例术中发生休克,无周围脏器损伤及死亡病例;轻度并发症共25例(10%),包括血尿、尿路感染、穿刺部位血肿、肾周血肿、引流管脱出梗阻、内双J管梗阻移位等。结论熟悉肾造瘘术的操作程序,术前综合评估发生并发症的危险因素,并积极防范处理,可有效提高手术安全性和治疗效果。  相似文献   

7.
【摘要】 目的 探讨DSA X线透视下经皮胃造瘘术在肿瘤患者营养治疗中的应用。方法 对2018年2月以来诊治的36例不能经口进食的恶性肿瘤患者行DSA X线透视引导下经皮胃造瘘术。结果 ①所有患者均成功完成手术,技术成功率达100%,其中34例(94.4%)一次穿刺置管成功;2例(5.6%)二次穿刺置管成功,手术耗时18~35 min,平均24 min; ②并发症发生率为16.7%(6/36),轻微并发症5例,其中1例术后造瘘口周围渗血,1例术后出现腹痛,1例术后第2 d出现肠梗阻,1例术后造瘘管周围红肿,1例术后17 d一侧胃壁固定线脱落;严重并发症1例,术后20 d出现急性胃溃疡出血;③术后3个月内患者体重平均增长2.8 kg,5例患者术后营养状态好转后针对原发病进行了放疗、化疗或靶向治疗;④随访至今,1例患者术后42 d出现堵管,2例患者术后3个月出现脱管,26例患者定期更换了胃瘘管,5例患者因病情改善拔除胃瘘管,无胃瘘管相关死亡事件发生。 结论 DSA X线透视引导下经皮胃造瘘术是一种安全、高效、并发症少、饲管易于维护的一种长期的肠内营养供给方式,改善了晚期肿瘤患者生活质量和预后,值得广泛推广应用。  相似文献   

8.
尹君  黄乐秀  杨玉珍 《放射学实践》2008,23(12):1369-1372
目的:评价经皮肾造瘘(PCN)及顺行性输尿管内支架管植入术(AIUS)在急性输尿管梗阻性疾病中的应用价值。方法:23例急性输尿管梗阻患者,男13例,女10例;结石梗阻14例,恶性梗阻5例,医源性梗阻4例;在超声和X线双监视下急诊经皮肾穿刺行PCN或AIUS。结果:技术成功率100%,共植入单J管16条,双J管14条;术后临床症状明显缓解,无严重并发症发生,3~7d患者肾功能均恢复至正常。结论:介入技术在了解急性输尿管梗阻性疾病成功率高,严重并发症发生率低,对及时挽救患者肾功能有着重要作用。  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨经皮肾镜穿刺套件联合输尿管镜置管引流治疗肾周积液的应用优势。方法自2010年6月至2014年6月我科在超声定位下采用经皮肾镜穿刺套件联合输尿管镜对12例肾周积液患者行穿刺引流术。结果本组12例患者均穿刺成功,术后3 d复查超声,11例积液消退明显,随访5~10个月无复发。1例特发性肾周积液穿刺术后复发,行腹腔镜肾被膜切除术。结论经皮肾镜穿刺套件联合输尿管镜置管引流治疗肾周积液,可克服传统手术创伤大、恢复慢,一般穿刺置管时管腔小、易堵塞,单纯应用经皮肾镜穿刺套件引流冲洗时,置管位置欠满意的缺点,又可直视下给予冲洗、分隔粘连、引流,且置管位置满意。  相似文献   

10.
目的 总结经肾穿刺造瘘管顺行低压冲洗在逆行输尿管硬镜下处理输尿管上段结石的临床资料,寻找简单、适合基层医院的输尿管上段结石微创手术方法.方法 选择2013年6月-2014年12月在解放军第309医院行输尿管上段结石逆行输尿管硬镜碎石术的患者58例,其中男33例,女25例,年龄平均43.5(22~67)岁,结石长径平均1.25(0.7~1.8)cm.患者先行超声引导下经皮肾穿刺造瘘,术中经肾造瘘管顺行低压冲洗,同时逆行输尿管硬镜下行气压弹道碎石术.因输尿管狭窄无法完成输尿管镜检查者不纳入临床观察.结果 58例患者中54例(93.1%)一期碎石成功.2例(3.4%)伴有明显肉芽组织形成包裹结石,更改为腹腔镜手术.2例(3.4%)部分结石返回肾盂,其中1例留置D-J管后行体外冲击波碎石治疗,另1例结石再次嵌顿二次输尿管硬镜碎石.手术时间平均47(24~70)min.无感染发生,术后2d拔除肾造瘘管,无继发出血.平均住院时间4.5(2~7)d.无发热,无脓肾,无菌血症和败血症的发生,肾造瘘处无继发出血,无漏尿.结论 超声引导下经皮肾穿刺造瘘通过顺行冲洗,使输尿管硬镜下输尿管上段结石气压弹道碎石术安全、有效,结石返回肾盂发生率明显降低,清石率高.该方法顺行、低压冲洗可避免逆行感染,且简单易行,费用低,适合基层医院开展.  相似文献   

11.
One hundred and seven patients with an acute or chronic pelveoureteral obstruction were initially treated with a percutaneous nephrostomy. In 65/107 (61%) patients the obstruction was associated with a malignant disease while in 42/107 (39%) patients the cause of obstruction was benign, mostly an impacted ureteral stone.The effect of the nephrostomy on the outcome of the underlying disease as well as procedure- and catheter-related complications and problems are evaluated. The mean survival in patients with malignant ureteral obstruction was 7.6 months (range: 4–21 months). In 22/27 (81%) patients where the obstruction was caused by an impacted ureteral stone it could be removed via the nephrostomy channel, In 8/107 (7.5%) patients a haemorrhage to the renal pelvis was recorded following the nephrostomy but ceased spontaneously. Dislodgement of the catheter occurred in 31/107 (28%), urinary leakage along the catheter was found in 20/107 (18%) and from a fractured catheter in 12/107 (11%) patients. Percutaneous nephrostomy is a well tolerated and very beneficial procedure in patients with an acute as well as chronic pelveourteral obstruction.  相似文献   

12.
出血倾向对肾后性肾衰急诊处理的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
探讨肾后性肾衰时,患者存在出血倾向对外科急诊处理的影响。作者对1988年3月-2000年12月期间收治的86例梗阻性肾衰急诊处理方法及其并发症进行了回顾性分析。其结果显示:开放手术14例,其中1例死亡,出血量大于1000ml3例;经皮肾穿刺造瘘39例,其中死亡2例,肾切除3例;逆行输尿管插管引流32例,输尿管镜取石1例,无1例发生严重并发症。表明存在出血倾向的肾后性肾衰病例,急诊开放手术或经皮肾穿刺造瘘术可能引起难以控制的肾脏大出血,导致死亡或丢失肾脏。逆行输尿管插管引流可作为急诊处理的首选方法。  相似文献   

13.
The authors report their experience with percutaneous nephrostomy in the treatment of acute renal failure due to ureteral obstruction. One hundred and forty-three patients were treated with the positioning of 218 percutaneous nephrostomy catheters under fluoroscopic guidance. If performed as soon as possible, this percutaneous diversion provides a rapid improvement in renal function and allows an accurate staging of the lesion, as well as correct therapeutic indications. In many cases of urinary obstruction interventional radiology procedures represent a valid and successful alternative to more invasive palliative surgery.  相似文献   

14.
Use of percutaneous nephrostomy in malignant ureteric obstruction   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Seventeen patients with malignant disease underwent percutaneous nephrostomy to relieve renal failure secondary to ureteric obstruction. Renal function improved in 88%. The median survival time was 18 weeks and 58% left the primary hospital to return home or to a terminal care hospice. Minor complications occurred in 58%. The use of bilateral nephrostomy tubes conferred no greater benefit than a unilateral tube. Intervention in malignant ureteric obstruction may confer some benefit and should not necessarily be viewed with pessimism.  相似文献   

15.
Renal failure due to malignant ureteral obstruction presents a management dilemma because there is invariably advanced disease. We review our experience with 28 patients referred for antegrade ureteral stenting of malignant ureteral obstruction. Antegrade stenting was successful in 17 and unsuccessful in 11. In the former group, mean survival was 14.3 months (range 0.5–92 months), whereas in the latter mean survival was 3.8 months (range 0.3–14 months). Our experience is that when successful, intervention does prolong life. We challenge the widespread belief that such intervention is not justified. Acknowledging that each case should be dealt with on its merits, we advocate that if nephrostomy drainage is performed for malignant ureteral obstruction, such patients deserve at least an attempt at antegrade stenting. Our modification to the technique uses a 12f Amplatz fascial dilator to create a coaxial system, allowing greater guide-wire and catheter control.  相似文献   

16.
Traditional methods of urinary diversion in pregnancy include retrograde passage of ureteral catheter or stents and operative nephrostomy. These techniques are, however, associated with the use of anesthesia, are technically difficult to perform, and may induce labor. We report the use of percutaneous nephrostomy in four pregnant patients, two with obstruction due to ureteral calculi and two with infected hydronephrosis. The procedure provided rapid relief from pain and pyosepsis, and allowed uneventful continuation of the pregnancy to full-term, with preservation of renal function.  相似文献   

17.
Redefinitions of indications for percutaneous nephrostomy   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
E K Lang  E T Price 《Radiology》1983,147(2):419-426
An analysis of treatment response in 215 patients treated by percutaneous nephrostomy identified obstruction of the urinary tract, complicated by infection and sometimes gram-negative septicemia, as the single most important indication for this intervention. Percutaneous nephrostomy reduced the mortality from gram-negative septicemia from 40% to 8%. Similarly, the length of hospitalization for patients with severe infection complicating urinary tract obstruction was reduced by half in the group undergoing percutaneous nephrostomy. In 43 patients with longstanding obstruction, percutaneous nephrostomy was used to predict recoverable renal function based on the response of renal plasma flow rate to decompression. In 13 patients, percutaneous nephrostomies were used either for the introduction of solvents to dissolve calculi or to serve as pathways for their extraction. Percutaneous nephrostomies in 21 patients were expanded to serve as points of entry for the placement of stent catheters to treat fistulas or bougie catheters to dilate and subsequently catheterize ureteral strictures. While six serious complications were encountered, five of these might have been prevented by meticulous adherence to proper technique.  相似文献   

18.
Percutaneous nephrostomy with extensions of the technique: step by step.   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
Minimally invasive therapy in the urinary tract begins with renal access by means of percutaneous nephrostomy. Indications for percutaneous nephrostomy include urinary diversion, treatment of nephrolithiasis and complex urinary tract infections, ureteral intervention, and nephroscopy and ureteroscopy. Bleeding complications can be minimized by entering the kidney in a relatively avascular zone created by branching of the renal artery. The specific site of renal entry is dictated by the indication for access with consideration of the anatomic constraints. Successful percutaneous nephrostomy requires visualization of the collecting system for selection of an appropriate entry site. The definitive entry site is then selected; ideally, the entry site should be subcostal and lateral to the paraspinous musculature. Small-bore nephrostomy tracks can be created over a guide wire coiled in the renal pelvis. A large-diameter track may be necessary for percutaneous stone therapy, nephroscopy, or antegrade ureteroscopy. The most common extension of percutaneous nephrostomy is placement of a ureteral stent for treatment of obstruction. Transient hematuria occurs in virtually every patient after percutaneous nephrostomy, but severe bleeding that requires transfusion or intervention is uncommon. In patients with an obstructed urinary tract complicated by infection, extensive manipulations pose a risk of septic complications.  相似文献   

19.
The solitary kidney, either after nephrectomy or on a congential basis, may be impaired by infection, stones, obstruction, and trauma. Because of the possibility of further renal compromise by damage of the remaining nephron units, there is reluctance to utilize percutaneous techniques in cases of solitary kidney, and surgery is often used as an alternative. We report 15 cases of solitary kidney in which interventional radiologic techniques (i.e., percutaneous nephrostomy, ureteral stenting, ureteral dilatation, and stone extraction) were attempted for the preservation of renal function, either as a permanent solution or as a temporizing maneuver prior to definitive therapy. In each case, these goals were achieved and there were no complications.  相似文献   

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