Onyx胶栓塞治疗2例硬脊膜动静脉瘘

硬脊膜动静脉瘘(Spinal dural arteriovenous fis-tulas,SDAVF)是硬脊膜的动静脉之间存在微小的瘘口,发病率较低,临床少见,但占脊髓血管畸形的80%,好发于中老年男性,进行性加重,最终可造成患者不可逆的神经功能障碍.自2005年,我科共收治2例患者,经栓塞治疗,效果良好,现报告如下.     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断与治疗

目的分析硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床及影像学特点、手术效果,提高对SDAVF的认识和诊断水平。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年12月我科收治的20例SDAVF患者的临床资料,所有患者术前均行脊髓血管造影以明确诊断,手术采用全椎板或半椎板入路,脊髓功能的评估采用改良Aminoff-Logue评分系统,结合影像学检查结果对术后疗效进行综合评价。结果 20例患者入院临床表现为下肢不同程度的下肢无力或瘫痪20例(100%);肢体麻木或感觉迟钝16例(80%);大小便功能障碍16例(80%);腰背部疼痛8例(40%)。脊髓血管造影确定瘘口位置:上胸段及中胸段(T1～T8) 6例;下胸段(T9～T12) 10例;腰段4例,无骶段SDAVF患者。所有患者术中均成功找到瘘口并切除。术后随访3～72个月(平均36个月),术后症状改善16例(80%),稳定3例(15%),1例症状加重(5%);术后影像学随访未见病变残留或复发。结论 SDAVF是少见的脊髓血管畸形,早期诊断及治疗能阻止病变的进展,显著提高患者的预后。     

特殊影像表现的硬脊膜动静脉瘘

目的增强临床医师对影像不典型硬脊膜动静脉瘘（SDAVF）的认识，并加深对脊髓血管畸形的理解。方法回顾分析2例SDAVF患者的临床与影像学特征及手术治疗情况。结果2例患者的临床表现与典型的SDAVF差异不大，患者均行手术治疗并术后复查脊髓造影，显示瘘口及引流静脉全部消失，患者术后临床症状全部改善。结论脊髓血管畸形的准确诊断有赖于全面的脊髓血管造影；影像学的发展尤其是磁共振技术的发展对诊断和鉴别诊断脊髓血管畸形提供了有力帮助；在正确诊断的基础上选择适合的治疗方法，才能得到最佳治疗效果。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的MRI和DSA诊断价值

目的 评价MRI对硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的诊断价值.方法 分析我院近年来2例SDAVF病例,全部行MRI检查及DSA证实.结果 胸段2例,均呈长T1WI长T2WI信号,病灶沿脊髓长轴走形,呈蚯蚓状,团状改变,可见异常血管流空信号改变,相应脊髓稍有受压1例,脊髓稍有增粗1例.结论 DSA显示SDAVF瘘口部位、供血血管以及引流静脉情况,是SDAVF确诊的金标准.MRI是SDAVF主要的筛选检查,对早期诊断有着重要的临床意义.     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断与手术治疗

目的:探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断与手术治疗方法.方法:回顾性分析39 例硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者的临床资料、治疗方式及术后转归.结果:39例患者脊髓MRI和选择性脊髓血管造影确诊,均行显微手术治疗.术后行脊髓血管造影复查,显示瘘口全部消失.29例患者术后6个月行脊髓MR复查,显示脊髓周围的血管流空影完全消失,T2 像髓内高信号影消失或明显减少.39例患者获随访,随访时间3～18个月,37例症状改善,2例无变化,未见复发.结论:脊髓MRI和选择性血管造影是确诊硬脊膜动静脉瘘的方法,显微手术治疗疗效确切.     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘个体化综合治疗效果观察

目的 探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的个体化治疗方法.方法 对41例磁共振影像和选择性脊髓血管造影确诊的硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者,根据临床诊断和病变节段的X线定位,分别采取血管内栓塞瘘口或半椎板开窗显微手术夹闭瘘口和引流静脉.术后进行个体化综合治疗,血管内栓塞瘘口者抗凝治疗;手术夹闭瘘口及引流静脉者针对影像学有无脊髓病变,早期开始综合治疗消除脊髓水肿,配合康复疗法恢复脊髓功能.结果 41例术后运动功能恢复和好转者占92.7％(38/41),无好转者占7.3％(3/41);感觉障碍恢复或好转者占95.1％(39/41).随访3～24个月,全部病例症状无复发,无手术并发症.结论 硬脊膜动静脉瘘的个体化治疗应当包括手术和手术后综合治疗两部分,个体化治疗有助于提高临床疗效.     

脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘7例诊治分析

目的探讨脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的诊断及治疗方法。方法脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘7例,分析其临床特点、脊柱MR影像特征,并用脊髓血管造影明确诊断。7例均采用半椎板切除闭塞瘘口手术治疗,手术前后采用改良Amilnoff-Logue评分进行评价,并复查脊柱MR,术后随访3～17个月。结果 7例复查脊柱MR不规则血管流空信号均减少,T2像高信号消失。Amilnoff-Logue评分改善6例,无变化1例。结论 SDAVF临床表现不具有特异性,但脊柱MR可见脊髓表面有广泛迂曲扩张的血管流空信号,脊髓血管造影可以确诊,显微神经外科手术简单有效。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘1例误诊分析

硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)是脊髓血管畸形中最常见的一种类型,是指供应硬脊膜或神经根的细小动脉在椎间孔处穿过硬脊膜时与脊髓引流静脉异常交通,引起椎管内脊髓静脉高压,脊髓瘀血水肿,继而变性坏死,引起患者进行性脊髓功能障碍[1]。由于该病早期症状和体症缺乏特异性,易与其它脊髓病变相混淆引起误诊。我科2009年4月收治入院前误诊的SDAVF患者1例,现报告如下。1病例报告患者男性,42岁。因双侧下肢麻木伴乏力1年就诊,主要表现为双下肢麻木、束带感,间歇性跛行,长距离行走后双下肢乏力,伴有小便和性功能障碍。1年前在当地医院检查诊断为颈椎管狭窄行C4~C6椎管减压术。术后感双侧下肢麻木、乏力症状加重,间     

8例硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床分析

目的:分析硬脊膜动静脉瘘(Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas,SDAVF)的临床、影像学特点、误诊原因,提高对SDAVF的认识和诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析8例SDAVF患者的临床资料。结果:在本组患者中,下肢运动障碍8例(100.0%)、浅感觉障碍(痛温觉)6例(75.0%)、深感觉异常3例(37.5%)及大小便功能障碍8例(100.0%)。脑脊液检查压力正常2例(40.0%),增高3例(60.0%);蛋白含量正常1例(20.0%),增高4例(80.0%)。脊髓MRI检查示7例(87.5%)有脊髓增粗,8例(100.0%)脊髓前后有迂曲状、"虫蚀样"的血管流空影;5例(62.5%)有脊髓软化坏死信号。全部患者均经脊髓血管造影明确诊断。结论:SDAVF以中老年男性多见,主要表现为进行性加重的运动和感觉功能减退、大小便功能障碍,脑脊液检查无特异性,脊髓MRI可对其进行初步诊断,确诊及瘘口的精确定位有赖于选择性脊髓血管造影。     

血管内栓塞治疗颅颈交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘50例临床分析

目的：对血管内栓塞与显微手术治疗颅颈交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘疗效进行分析。方法：回顾与分析2011年5月到2014年5月收治50例颅颈交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者临床资料。结果：29例患者采取显微手术,21例患者采取栓塞治疗,对患者进行6个月到12个月随访,患者症状明显改善,无复发情况。结论：血管内栓塞与显微手术治疗颅颈交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘的效果均较为理想,少数患者在采取血管内治疗时需要栓塞引流到静脉近端。     

Therapeutic embolization of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas via

Objective To describe the transvenous catheterization technique for the treatment of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSdAVFs), including its indications, complications and efficacy.Methods Eight patients with symptomatic CSdAVFs were treated by endovascular embolization with platinum coils, via the inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) in 6 patients, and via the Sylvian vein after surgical exposure in other 2 patients.Results Complete angiographic resolution of the fistula was obtained in six patients immediately after the procedures, and a complete resolution of symptoms and signs was achieved in all patients. The residual fistulas in two patients disappeared completely in the follow-up angiography.Conclusion Transvenous embolization is a useful and safe approach in the management of CSdAVFs.     

脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘的栓塞和手术治疗

目的:探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的治疗方法.方法:14例硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者中,6例以微粒栓塞,1例正丁基-2-氰基丙烯酸酯(NBCA)栓塞,7例手术治疗.结果:治疗后短期内症状均改善,随访6个月至5年手术和以胶栓塞患者均无复发,以微粒栓塞患者中有2例复发,其中1例手术治疗.结论:手术夹闭或以胶栓塞瘘口均可作为该病的有效治疗方法.     

Therapeutic embolization of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas via transvenous approach

Cavernoussinusduralarteriovenousfistulas (CSdAVFs)formacomplexcommunicationnetworkbetweenthecavernoussinus (CS)andtheduralbranchesoftheexternalcarotidartery (ECA)and/orinternalcarotidartery (ICA) CSdAVFsusuallybecomesymptomaticspontaneouslyandoccurmostofteninelderlywomen TheclinicalmanifestationsofCSdAVFsdependonthepatternofvenousdrainage Chemosis ,conjunctivalcongestion ,bruit,ophthalmoplegia ,eyelidswelling ,proptosis,diplopia ,andvisualacuityimpairmentmayallresultfromCSdAVFs 1 …     

Acute paraplegia following embolization of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula

Embolization therapy has been used as the initial treatment for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) only for certain patients or in certain medical institutions due to its minimal invasiveness, but the recurrence of embolization remains a clinical challenge. The recurrent patient usually exhibits a gradual onset of symptoms and progressive deterioration of neurological function. Developing paraplegia several hours after embolization is commonly seen in patients with venous thrombosis-related complications, for which anticoagulation therapy is often administered. This article reports on a SDAVF patient who had weakness of both lower extremities before embolization and developed complete paraplegia several hours after embolization therapy, later confirmed by angiography as fistula recurrence. The symptoms were relieved gradually after second embolization. The pathophysiology of this patient is also discussed.

     

脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘6例临床分析

目的:探讨脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘(spinal dural arteriovenous fistula,SDAVF)的临床特征、影像学特点及治疗,以期提高对SDAVF的早期识别和诊断.方法:对上海市普陀区人民医院神经外科收治住院的6例SDAVF患者临床表现、影像学资料及治疗进行回顾性分析.结果:6例患者中5例为男性,1例为...     

Transarterial Onyx embolization of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: A single center experience

BackgroundTransarterial embolization of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) is usually associated with inadequate embolization. The purpose of this study was to report our experience of transarterial Onyx embolization of intracranial DAVFs with an emphasis on treatment outcome with this new embolic agent in different types of DAVFs.MethodsIn the past 3 years, a total of 14 intracranial DAVFs have been treated by transarterial Onyx embolization. Among these, there were nine males and five females, aged from 30 years to 82 years (mean = 62 years). We retrospectively analyzed the injection volume and time of Onyx embolization as well as outcomes in different types of DAVFs.ResultsThe locations of the DAVFs were sigmoid sinus (n = 6), tentorium (n = 3), sinus confluence (n = 2), transverse–sigmoid sinus (n = 1), sigmoid sinus–jugular bulb (n = 1) and the superior petrous sinus (n = 1). The mean volume and time of Onyx injection were 3.4 mL and 28 minutes, respectively (Cognard type I: 4.9 mL, 40 minutes; type II: 4.5 mL, 34 minutes; type III: 2.2 mL, 21 minutes; type IV: 2 mL, 22 minutes). Total fistula occlusion was achieved in six out of seven patients of type III and type IV DAVFs, and in four out of seven patients of type I and type II DAVFs. Nine patients had total resolution of their symptoms, whereas partial regression occurred in five patients. No significant periprocedural complication was found. Mean clinical follow-up period was 16 months.ConclusionTransarterial Onyx embolization of intracranial DAVFs is safe and effective. This technique is particularly useful in type III and type IV DAVFs with a high cure rate, and lower volume of Onyx as well as a short injection time.     

Transvenous embolization of cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula: report of 28 cases

Background  Usually, cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula can be treated via transarterial approaches. However, in many complicated patients, transvenous approaches are superior to the transarterial ones because of the difficulties during a transarterial operation. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 28 patients with cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula treated by transvenous embolization.
Methods  From September 2001 to December 2005, 28 patients with 31 cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae were treated with transvenous embolization in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. The involved cavernous sinuses were catheterized via the femoral vein-inferior petrosal sinus approach or the femoral-facial-superior ophthalmic vein approach, and embolized with coils (GDC, EDC, Matrix, Orbit or free coil) or coils plus silk. The patients were followed up for 3 to 26 months.
Results  All the 31 cavernous sinuses in the 28 patients were successfully embolized. Complete angiographic obliteration of the fistulae was achieved immediately in 25 patients. Residual shunting was observed in the other 3, who had drainage through the pterygoid plexus (2 patients) or the inferior petrosal sinus (1) after the operation. Headache and vomiting were the most common symptoms after the embolization. In 3 patients, who achieved complete angiographic obliteration immediately, the left oculomotor nerve palsy remained unchanged after the operation. Transient abducens nerve palsy was encountered in 1. In 1 patient, the occular symptoms were improved after the operation, but recurred 4 days later, and then disappeared spontaneously after 5 days. During the follow-up, no patient had recurrence. Three months after the operation, angiography was performed on the 3 patients with residual shunting. Two of them had angiographic cure, the other had residual drainage through the pterygoid plexus.
Conclusions  Transvenous catheterization and embolization of the cavernous sinus is a safe and efficient way to treat complicated cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae. It is an alternative to the patients with spontaneous cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae or those in whom transarterial embolization failed.

     

Transvenous treatment of a complex cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula secondary to balloon embolization of a traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula

Although recurrent traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula （CCF） and its treatment have beenreported sporadically,^1 a complex cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula （DAVF） secondary to balloon embolization of a direct traumatic CCF is rare. In 2005, we treated such a case via transvenous approach using coils and N-buty-2- cyanoacrylate （NBCA）. The causes of recurrent cavernous sinus DAVF and its endovascular approach are discussed.     

Transvenous embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region by multiple venous routes

Objective：To evaluate the safety and efficiency of transvenous embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region by multiple venous routes. Methods： Twenty seven patients with dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region were treated by transvenous embolization with micro-coils. The transvenous routes included inferior petrosal sinus, superior ophthalmic vein and facial vein. Results： Clinical cure was achieved in 23 cases and significant improvement of symptoms in 4 cases. Complete anglographic obliteration was documented in 22 patients （82%）. Residual shunting were left in 2 patients via pterygoid drainage and 1 case via inter-cavernous sinus, 2 cases via inferior petrosal sinus, disappeared one month later by manual compression carotid artery. Headache and vomiting were the most common symptoms after embolization. Three patients had diplopia and relieved within two months after embolization. There was no permanent procedure-related morbidity. The clinic follow up ranged from 5 months to 6 years, and there was not recurrence case. Conclusion： Transvenous embolization via different venous routes is a safe and efficient method for dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region treatment.